Abstract: A cover member of a gas supply manifold has a bent rising wall portion that is formed by bending a part of the cover member so as to rise in an opposite direction of a main body. The bent rising wall portion is in a form of a loop surrounding the entire circumference of a gas supply flow path and an area around the gas supply flow path. Such configuration increases the rigidity of the cover member and prevents large distortion of the cover member and leakage of gas from the gas supply flow path. As a result, the thickness of the cover member is reduced and the weight and the production cost of the gas supply manifold are also reduced.

Abstract: A conversion burner, a system of conversion burners, and a method of conversion of a solid fuel selected from at least one of biomass and peat. The burner is constructed and arranged to be affixed to a combustor, and comprises a housing defining a burner chamber; a grate within the burner chamber defining an upper chamber region and a lower chamber region; at least a first solid fuel inlet; at least a first air inlet operatively connected to the upper chamber region and connectable to a first air source; a product gas outlet operatively connected to the combustion region of the combustor; and at least one waste outlet. The product gas is delivered to the combustor for firing or co-firing, overcoming fouling problems which result from direct delivery of solid fuel to the combustor, and problems raised by remote conversion or storage of solid fuel.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus has: a combustion housing; a partition plate provided in the combustion housing to partition a space in the combustion housing into a combustion chamber and an air supply chamber; and a plurality of rich-lean burners arranged in a right-left direction of the combustion chamber. A multiplicity of distributed holes are formed in the partition plate through which distributed holes secondary air is supplied from the air supply chamber to the combustion chamber. A flame rod facing to an upper side of a part of the rich-lean burners stops combustion when the flame rod does not detect any flames owing to a flame lift at a time of an oxygen deficiency. A supply quantity of the secondary air to the part of the rich-lean burners to which part the flame rod faces is larger than those to other parts.

Abstract: An inclined hearth combustor which generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the primary combustion chamber and a boiler having an inlet in communication with the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a refractory-lined cyclone separator for removing fly ash from combustion gases exiting the primary combustion chamber and the boiler inlet is surrounded by the cyclone separator. The primary combustion chamber may further include an ash transfer ram movably disposed between two stepped hearths, wherein the ash transfer ram includes a top layer of refractory material extending rearwardly from a leading edge thereof. The ash transfer ram may further include a plurality of V-shaped wheels attached to a bottom surface thereof, a replaceable wear plate disposed on a side surface thereof and/or a wiper blade fixed on a forward face thereof.

Abstract: An inclined hearth combustor which generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the primary combustion chamber and a boiler having an inlet in communication with the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a refractory-lined cyclone separator for removing fly ash from combustion gases exiting the primary combustion chamber and the boiler inlet is surrounded by the cyclone separator. The primary combustion chamber may further include an ash transfer ram movably disposed between two stepped hearths, wherein the ash transfer ram includes a top layer of refractory material extending rearwardly from a leading edge thereof. The ash transfer ram may further include a plurality of V-shaped wheels attached to a bottom surface thereof, a replaceable wear plate disposed on a side surface thereof and/or a wiper blade fixed on a forward face thereof.

Abstract: A grate block for an incinerator has a top wall and a front wall that extends from the front wall. A pair of side walls wherein each sidewall extends from the top wall and the front wall. Each of the side walls of the grate blocks engage the side wall of the adjacent grate block. Each side wall has a recess in proximity to the front wall/upper wall interface. The recess defines a gap between the side walls of the adjacent grate blocks. An opening in the recess through the side wall allows for the flow of air from a cavity within the grate block. The slot created by the recess of the two adjoining grate blocks has a narrower slot opening created by a shallow upper recess and a broader slot opening created by a deeper lower recess. In that the openings are not directly aligned with any of the exposed surfaces, the air is required to make a perpendicular turn prior to exiting the recess of the grate block.

Abstract: A plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials. The plant has a grate, on the surface of which the waste materials lie. The grate has gas passages which are connected to a gas supply for the grate surface. The gas supply has at least one oxygen feed system, the discharge openings of which are arranged at the end faces in cooled grate blocks.

Abstract: A combustion grate including fire bars which are either wholly or partially cooled by a fluid circulating in a closed regulating circuit. The flow lines which conduct the fluid have thermal expansion capability. In particular, windings are provided in the shape of a helical spring in these flow lines. The fire bars include corrugated exchangers and can be replaceable rods.

Abstract: A combustion grate has fire bars which have whole or partial cooling by gas or fluid use via a closed regulating circuit. Lines which conduct the fluid or gas have thermal expansion capability. In particular, windings are provided in the shape of a helical spring. The fire bars have corrugated exchangers and can be replaceable rods.

Abstract: The grate element (1, 2) is made in three pieces in the sample embodiment, and consists of a central main part (10) and two side parts (11, 12) attached thereto. The main part (10) is pierced by parallel straight-line bores, which form the straight-line conduit sections. These straight-line conduit sections (13) are flow-connected with reversers (14) in the respective side parts (11, 12). The inlet (15) for the coolant fluid is located in the rear part of the grate element, whereas the outlet (16) is located in the head area (7) of the grate element. In the outlet (16) there is a temperature probe (17) for monitoring the temperature of the coolant fluid. The grate element head (7) has recesses (18) in its foot (8) which open downward, serving as air escape orifices for the primary air, which is supplied from beneath.

Abstract: Fluid-cooled grate bars and grates for use in a combustion furnace such as a garbage incineration plant and a process for cooling the grate bars and grates. The grate bar has a duct defined therewithin for guiding a coolant supplied by a fluid-cooling apparatus. The primary coolant is preferably water. Steam formation is prevented by pressurizing the water. Additional or replacement coolant such, for example, as air may be employed for the grate bars and grates.

Abstract: A grate plate for use in cooling heated material has a plurality of spaced apart walls including a front wall, side walls, a top wall and a bottom wall. A plenum is located generally within the walls for receiving a cooling fluid within the grate plate. The top wall has a trough for receiving heated material. An opening in the grate plate is located rearwardly of the front wall for receiving the cooling fluid into the plenum. The plenum is shaped for delivering air from the opening to the front wall of the grate plate and then rearwardly adjacent to a side wall of the trough. A port in the trough permits exhaust of the cooling fluid from the exhaust duct into the trough for cooling the heated material on the grate plate.

Abstract: In order to create a grate plate design for a thrust grating cooler for cooling hot material such as, for example, cement clinker, this grate plate design has troughs at its upper side for accepting and retaining cool material for the purpose of protecting the grate plate against thermal overload, whereby these troughs are to be supplied with cooling air via cooling air channels arranged therebetween and via air exit slots without the risk of blockage thereof. A grate plate is provided wherein a plurality of cooling air channels that extend up to the upper side of the grate plates and limit the troughs from one another are arranged in the grate plate member parallel to the longitudinal axis of the grate plates, and whereby the partitions between the air channels and the troughs comprise air exit slots proceeding parallel to the longitudinal axis of the plates which are arranged immediately above the bottom plate of the grate plate.

Abstract: Improvements for an incinerator system including double reburn tunnels, an excitor within a reburn tunnel, a choker for closing off part of a reburn tunnel, a grate near the incinerator's inlet to permit the drying and initial combustion of refuse, an ash scoop which remains out of the water during most of its operation. The use of dual reburn tunnels, along with a damper that permits the closure of at least one of them, permits the efficient and environmentally acceptable utilization of the main incinerator chamber even with minimal refuse contained there. With less refuse, only one reburn unit operates; it will still have sufficient heat and throughput to maintain, with minimal auxiliary fuel, the temperatures needed for complete combustion. An excitor, or solid stationary object placed within the reburn tunnel, permits the retention and reflection of the heat generated by the burning to assure complete combustion of all hydrocarbons within the reburn unit.

Abstract: Grate plate carriers are formed box-shaped having a planar cover plate that, extending in the product conveying direction, joins to the following cover plate and is provided with openings that are covered at a slight distance therefrom by the grate plate lying on top thereof and formed flat, so that slot-shaped air passage openings remain between the cover plate and the grate plate, said slot-shaped air passage openings discharging into correspondingly formed air passage slots of the grate plate; and in that every box-shaped grate plate carrier is independently connected to a cooling air delivery conduit.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and a space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a step type stoker with an oscillation mechanism having: a plurality of stoker frames (2 and 2') which are installed at an interval in the upstream to downstream direction, and at least one of which forms an air supply path (5); reciprocating fire grates (3) each of which is formed with a plurality of fire grate members (8) installed in a step-like manner on a groove-shaped frame (7) equipped with an air path (6) which is in communication with the aforementioned air supply path (5) at all times; and fixed fire grates (4) each of which is formed with a plurality of fire grate members 8 installed in a step-like manner on a groove-shaped frame (7) equipped with an air path (6) which is in communication with the aforementioned air supply path (5) at all times. The fixed fire grates are arranged to be adjacent to and parallel with the aforementioned movable fire grates (3), but are fixed on the aforementioned stoker frames (2 and 2').

Abstract: A combustion system for domestic or small industrial heating needs, utilizing biomass fuels such as wood and brush chips, sawdust, logs, nut hulls, peat, leaves and other organic waste products of forestry, agriculture and industry with essentially smokeless, clean exhaust. By preheating the combustion air, insulating the combustion process and carefully controlling the fuel to air proportions and mixing parameters, essentially complete combustion with very little excess air at high temperatures is achieved even with fuels containing over half their weight in water. This water is then condensed out of the exhaust gases in uniquely designed air and water counterflow heat exchangers that can capture over 90% of the high heat value of the fuel. This invention is capable of maintaining clean combustion at high temperatures with little excess air, at burn rates much lower than the best popular "air-tight" woodstoves and is capable of higher heat outputs than most domestic heat plants.

Abstract: A series of primary-air orifices (4) extend into the combustion chamber surrounded by a housing (1). A sloping bottom (6) and a grate (12), likewise inclined at an angle (.alpha.), are located underneath. The grate consists of a row of parallel pipes (15a to 15c) which are arranged at a distance from one another and which are provided over their entire length with air outflow orifices (16a, 16b). A covering slide (13) sliding in grooves (17) on the grate makes it possible to cover to a greater or lesser extent both the gaps between the grate pipes (15a to 15c) and, if appropriate, some of the air outflow orifices provided in the grate pipes. The covering slide (13) can be actuated by hand or by means of a motor via a rack (20) connected rigidly to it and via a pinion (19).

Abstract: The location of an air supply in a combustion apparatus is made adjustable by changing the point of intersection of a slot in a movable surface with a slot in a fixed surface. In the preferred embodiment, the fixed and movable surfaces are of tubular construction. Variations include a second movable surface for the purpose of extending the range of adjustment, and the use of discrete holes rather than slots in the fixed and movable surfaces.

Abstract: A damper for fluid flow control has a curved extension plate positioned with respect to the circular path defined by the end of a pivotal damper blade to provide close control of the effective open area over a wide range of damper openings. The curved extension plate has a straight portion connected tangentially to one end of an arcuate portion. The arcuate portion of the extension plate approximates the shape of a theoretically ideal curve such that in cooperation with pivoting of the damper blade, the free flow area increases approximately linear with damper opening to provide a linear response between damper blade position and fluid flow rate.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and a space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.