Abstract: A combustion device in the form of an elevated fixed-grate that includes arcuately shaped solid refractory brick with ribs placed thereunder so as to allow horizontal air flow for fuel combustion. The brick are arranged atop one another in a stacked concentric configuration that forms a central fuel passageway and allows cascading of a fuel pile throughout the combustion stages. The device provides the benefit of proper de-ashing online while distributing the underfire air radially around the fuel pile. The elevated design of the bricks allows the air to be evenly distributed throughout the fuel pile and further allows the isolation of overfire and underfire air. Segregating overfire and underfire air in an evenly distributed manner allows the burner to combust a wide range of fuel moisture contents without modifying the mechanical components of the burner.

Abstract: A grate step module (1) for a thrust combustion grate for the combustion of refuse in a large-scale plant has a carrier part (2) for the grate steps (3, 4), exactly one fixed grate step (3) and exactly one movable grate step (4) and also a grate step drive. The movable grate step (4) is displaceable back and forth with respect to the fixed grate step (3) by way of the grate step drive. The grate step module (1) is connectable in a row with further grate step modules (1) without a gap and in this way forms the thrust combustion grate.

Abstract: A solid fuel heating apparatus (1) comprising a combustion chamber provided with a glass door (4) opening to the outside, an intake device (11) for the intake of outside combustion air into said chamber, an outlet duct for the burnt gases (2) and a sealed preheating enclosure for preheating the combustion air, conveying said air to the combustion chamber, connected at a first end to the intake device (11) and ending at a second end with a plurality of openings (9) releasing the air preheated by the preheating enclosure into the combustion chamber, characterised in that the preheating enclosure consists of a set of sealed heat exchanging pipes containing the combustion gases and the burnt gases (3, 8, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19), ending with the abovementioned openings (9), which are variable in size and are arranged in such a way as to modulate the flow of preheated air released into the chamber, enclosing the flame and combustion area in the natural conical shape of said chamber.

Abstract: A burner system for consumption of waste fuel comprises a screw conveyor having a longitudinal hollow interior for air distribution and radially disposed air intake orifices connecting the hollow interior to a plurality of combustion chambers, which includes a first combustion chamber disposed centrally around the screw conveyor and at least one orifice; a second combustion chamber disposed concentrically around the first combustion chamber, receiving burning waste fuel from the first combustion chamber, and in fluid communication with the air intake orifice to provide air from an air blower through the orifice; and a third combustion chamber disposed concentrically around the second combustion chamber, receiving waste fuel from the second combustion chamber, and in fluid communication with the air intake orifice to provide air from the air blower.

Abstract: A high performance burner has a shell, a burning chamber contained in the shell, an ignition bar installed in the shell, and a fuel feeding means passing through the shell and being in communication with the burning chamber. The burning chamber has a first burning zone in communication with the exit of the feeding pipe, a second burning zone next to the first burning zone, and a third burning zone next to the second burning zone and in communication with the rear opening of the shell. The burner is able to effectively reduce fuel congestion, scorification and back fire and increase combustion efficiency.

Abstract: An improved fire grate may provide fresh oxygen rich air to a secondary combustion zone, created by the improved fire grate, of a combustion chamber where a combustion gas stream is typically oxygen starved assisting in the burning process of incompletely burned particulates and reducing other harmful emissions. A baffle plate may be introduced in the secondary combustion zone to increase a combustion chamber temperature, encourage mixing of oxygen starved air with oxygen rich air and increase a residence time of the combustion gas within the combustion chamber. These aspects of the baffle plate promote more efficient burning of the biomass/fuel. Additionally, log lighter(s) may be disposed in the secondary combustion zone to increase a temperature of the combustion chamber for the purposes of reducing harmful emissions. The improved fire grate may be horizontally and vertically adjusted to fit within different sized fireplace combustion chambers.

Abstract: A gasifier includes a combustion zone where a gas is introduced and fuel is combusted and at least one sensor for measuring a predetermined condition in the gasifier. A grate subsystem contains the fuel and includes at least one grinding mechanism. A controller is responsive to the at least one sensor and controls the grinding mechanism by activating the grinding mechanism if the predetermined condition exists to reduce the collection of non-fuel products on the grate subsystem.

Abstract: An improved fire grate may provide fresh oxygen rich air to a secondary combustion zone, created by the improved fire grate, of a combustion chamber where a combustion gas stream is typically oxygen starved assisting in the burning process of incompletely burned particulates and reducing other harmful emissions. A baffle plate may be introduced in the secondary combustion zone to increase a combustion chamber temperature, encourage mixing of oxygen starved air with oxygen rich air and increase a residence time of the combustion gas within the combustion chamber. These aspects of the baffle plate promote more efficient burning of the biomass/fuel. Additionally, log lighter(s) may be disposed in the secondary combustion zone to increase a temperature of the combustion chamber for the purposes of reducing harmful emissions. The improved fire grate may be horizontally and vertically adjusted to fit within different sized fireplace combustion chambers.

Abstract: Grate bar for a furnace. The grate bar comprises a first air duct (46) at a first lateral side of the grate bar. The first air duct is provided at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the grate bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-cooled sliding combustion grate, comprising a combination of movable grate plates (6) and stationary grate plates (5). Said grate plates (5, 6) lie on top of each other in a step-like manner, and the movable grate plates (6) can be moved. The length of the grate plates (5, 6) passing over the grate track width is more than 6 meters. The movable grate plates (6) are driven by one parallel drive each, which comprises two separate drive units, which can each move a respective end area of a movable grate plate (6) back and forth, wherein the two drive units can be synchronized. In order to separate the primary air transversely over the grate track over a plurality of areas, at least one partition can extend along the grate track under the grate. Each of said partitions is moved along with the lower faces of the grate plates (5, 6) at the upper edge of said partitions so that said partitions are fully connected everywhere to the lower faces of the grate plates.

Abstract: A grill consisting of liquid-cooled grill plates and liquid-cooled lateral panels, the surfaces of which are provided with wear plates (1) connected to the liquid-cooled grill plates (2) and lateral planks in a heat-conducting manner. Wear plates (1) consist of a wear-resistant material which must however be cooled. Advantageously, a layer of a heat-conducting material in the form of a highly heat-conducting soft silicon film (3) is clamped between the liquid-cooled grill plates (2) and lateral panels and the wear plates (1), the layer providing a good heat transfer between the wear plates (1) and the permeable grill plates (2) and central panels. It is thus ensured that, during operation, the wear plates (1) always remain in a non-critical temperature range as they are cooled by the underlying grill plates (2) and lateral panels which are cooled to ca. 50° C.

Abstract: A combustion device in the form of an elevated fixed-grate that includes arcuately shaped solid refractory brick with ribs placed thereunder so as to allow horizontal air flow for fuel combustion. The brick are arranged atop one another in a stacked concentric configuration that forms a central fuel passageway and allows cascading of a fuel pile throughout the combustion stages. The device provides the benefit of proper de-ashing online while distributing the underfire air radially around the fuel pile. The elevated design of the bricks allows the air to be evenly distributed throughout the fuel pile and further allows the isolation of overfire and underfire air. Segregating overfire and underfire air in an evenly distributed manner allows the burner to combust a wide range of fuel moisture contents without modifying the mechanical components of the burner.

Abstract: A cladding element for device sections of incinerators consists of a lower plate (1) made of steel and an upper plate (2) made of steel, which lie one atop the other and are tightly bonded with each other at least in the edge areas. A meandering channel (3) is formed between the lower plate (1) and upper plate (2) for guiding a cooling medium through the cladding element. Either the upper plate (2) or lower plate (1) is here a milled sheet with a meandering milled slot (4), which forms the channel (3), and the side of the upper plate (2) facing away from the lower plate (1) has a weld plating (5).

Abstract: A charcoal fired barbecue grill is described and shown herein. In one embodiment, a charcoal grate is disclosed which is formed from a sheet metal material. The charcoal grate includes a bottom wall and a plurality of side walls, The bottom wall includes a plurality of apertures to allow combustion air to reach the charcoal and a plurality of embossments to increase the structural rigidity of the charcoal tray. At least some of the side walls include side wall extensions which are configured to engage with the barbecue grill firebox to support the charcoal grate underneath the cooking grate. In a second embodiment, a charcoal grill firebox is disclosed which includes a dual purpose nesting target on an inside surface. The nesting target is not only configured to support a grate, it is also configured to nest with a corresponding nesting feature which is positioned on an outside surface of the firebox.

Abstract: An improved modular grate block for an incinerator having a removable wear plate that can be replaced without removing individual grate blocks from a plurality of rows of fixed and movable grate blocks.

Abstract: An inclined hearth combustor which generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the primary combustion chamber and a boiler having an inlet in communication with the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a refractory-lined cyclone separator for removing fly ash from combustion gases exiting the primary combustion chamber and the boiler inlet is surrounded by the cyclone separator. The primary combustion chamber may further include an ash transfer ram movably disposed between two stepped hearths, wherein the ash transfer ram includes a top layer of refractory material extending rearwardly from a leading edge thereof. The ash transfer ram may further include a plurality of V-shaped wheels attached to a bottom surface thereof, a replaceable wear plate disposed on a side surface thereof and/or a wiper blade fixed on a forward face thereof.

Abstract: An inclined hearth combustor which generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the primary combustion chamber and a boiler having an inlet in communication with the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a refractory-lined cyclone separator for removing fly ash from combustion gases exiting the primary combustion chamber and the boiler inlet is surrounded by the cyclone separator. The primary combustion chamber may further include an ash transfer ram movably disposed between two stepped hearths, wherein the ash transfer ram includes a top layer of refractory material extending rearwardly from a leading edge thereof. The ash transfer ram may further include a plurality of V-shaped wheels attached to a bottom surface thereof, a replaceable wear plate disposed on a side surface thereof and/or a wiper blade fixed on a forward face thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-cooled grate, which can be cooled while avoiding high and low temperature corrosions. The water-cooled grate comprises: at least one cooling pipe for guiding flow of cooling water; a grate body for placing waste matters to be burned, said grate body being formed with a pipe-receiving portion for receiving the cooling pipe; and a heat transfer controlling member fixed to the pipe-receiving portion for increasing and decreasing heat transfer between the grate body and the cooling pipe by varying thermal resistance to the cooling pipe through thermal deformation according to temperature change of the grate body.

Abstract: A grate plate arrangement for step grates includes box-like grate plates (4) positioned on a grate carrier (2) with a front plate (24) placed on its end wall (18) and fastened to the end wall (18) using one or more studs (26) screwed to the grate plate (4). The bolt head (32) of each stud (26) is countersunk into a recess (34) built into the front plate (24) and covered on the outside by covering (cover 38) and secured against unscrewing.

Abstract: An inclined hearth combustor which generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber in communication with the primary combustion chamber and a boiler having an inlet in communication with the secondary combustion chamber. The secondary combustion chamber includes a refractory-lined cyclone separator for removing fly ash from combustion gases exiting the primary combustion chamber and the boiler inlet is surrounded by the cyclone separator. The primary combustion chamber may further include an ash transfer ram movably disposed between two stepped hearths, wherein the ash transfer ram includes a top layer of refractory material extending rearwardly from a leading edge thereof. The ash transfer ram may further include a plurality of V-shaped wheels attached to a bottom surface thereof, a replaceable wear plate disposed on a side surface thereof and/or a wiper blade fixed on a forward face thereof.

Abstract: A grate block for an incinerator has a top wall and a front wall that extends from the front wall. A pair of side walls wherein each sidewall extends from the top wall and the front wall. Each of the side walls of the grate blocks engage the side wall of the adjacent grate block. Each side wall has a recess in proximity to the front wall/upper wall interface. The recess defines a gap between the side walls of the adjacent grate blocks. An opening in the recess through the side wall allows for the flow of air from a cavity within the grate block. The slot created by the recess of the two adjoining grate blocks has a narrower slot opening created by a shallow upper recess and a broader slot opening created by a deeper lower recess. In that the openings are not directly aligned with any of the exposed surfaces, the air is required to make a perpendicular turn prior to exiting the recess of the grate block.

Abstract: A plant for the thermal treatment of waste materials. The plant has a grate, on the surface of which the waste materials lie. The grate has gas passages which are connected to a gas supply for the grate surface. The gas supply has at least one oxygen feed system, the discharge openings of which are arranged at the end faces in cooled grate blocks.

Abstract: A combustion enhancing member employed with a stoker combustion system is disposed on the grate of the stoker and includes at least one chamber. The chamber has at least one fluid inlet for receiving a combustion enhancing fluid and a plurality of fluid outlets for distributing the fluid to the bed of fuel moving along the grate of a stoker combustion system, thereby increasing the burning efficiency of the stoker.

Abstract: The invention relates to a grate for incineration plants for the incineration of combustible material, in particular refuse, comprising at least one grate track, which is composed of fixed and movable grate-lining rows, which are arranged alternately in the direction of flow of the combustible material and have a number of grate-lining units lying side by side, the grate-lining units being connected in the region of their rear end to fixed and movable grate-lining carriers respectively and moving with their front end on or over the following grate-lining unit, and a drive being assigned to the movable grate-lining units, which drive has a torsion bar led out of the underblast region.

Abstract: A water-coolable grate plate including a top surface, oppositely disposed sides and at least one cooling channel which is thermally connected to the top surface. The cooling channel connects a first coolant port, which is substantially centered between the sides of the grate plate, to a second coolant port, which is positioned at a distance from the first coolant port.

Abstract: A combustion grate has fire bars which have whole or partial cooling by gas or fluid use via a closed regulating circuit. Lines which conduct the fluid or gas have thermal expansion capability. In particular, windings are provided in the shape of a helical spring. The fire bars have corrugated exchangers and can be replaceable rods.

Abstract: To cool a grate having alternately fixed and movable rows (1, 1′) of grate bars (2), cooling liquid is sprayed into cavities (7), open at the bottom, of the grate bars (2) from spray tubes (10) situated in the underblast region (8) and in the process vaporizes essentially completely, so that the heat of vaporization is extracted from the grate bars (2). The angle sector (12) into which the cooling liquid is sprayed may be set in such a way that in each case only those sections of the grate bars (2) whose top sides form the free surface of the grate are sprayed. The cavities may also be closed except for a discharge opening leading into the underblast region and may be connected to a supply reservoir, in which the liquid is kept at a constant level, which is just below the discharge openings.

Abstract: A water-cooled firing grate made up of grate bar blocks extending over the width of the grate and each having a plurality of grate bars mounted on a grate bar carrier and interconnected by connecting pieces communicating between meandering shaped channels in the grate bar and a pair of end pieces forming an inlet and an outlet at the outer boundaries of the block and connected to an inlet and an outlet for the cooling water. The pieces are so fixed to the bars that they maintain a clearance between the bars of 1 to 1.5 mm.

Abstract: A water cooled finger for a pre-heater of a furnace top holds metal materials of a required amount in a shaft installed at the furnace top for pre-heating metal materials by introducing exhaust gas at high temperature generated in the furnace into the shaft. The water cooled finger is formed of a pair of side aces, an upper plate and a lower plate. The upper plate is fixed to an upper plate of both of the side face portions. The lower plate is fixed to a lower plate of both of the side face portions. The water cooled finger is formed to be hollow as a whole by the side face, the upper plate and the lower plate. The water cooled finger satisfies at least one of the conditions of (A) a thickness of the upper plate is thicker than that of said lower plate, (B) the lower plate is formed to be R-bending processed portions at both ends thereof, and(C) the lower plate is curved outside.

Abstract: In a process for gasifying and burning waste materials, the waste materials are introduced into an incinerator (1) and end up on a burning grate (6) to which combustion air is conducted through various undergrate forced draft chambers (8a to 8e). In the first area combustion air is introduced at a superstoichiometric level in order to ignite the waste materials. Then, via the undergrate forced draft chambers (8c to 8e), oxygen is mixed into the air which is used for the gasification, thereby establishing a substoichiometric level which results in gasification of the waste materials. The combustible gases which result from this process pass via a waste gas flue (12) into a second furnace (2), in which the gases are burned at a superstoichiometric level through the introduction of combustion air. The resulting waste gases pass to a heat exchanger (3).

Abstract: A thrust combustion grate for burning refuse having altemately stationary (5) and movable (6) hollow grate plates (5,6) in a stairway formation, that rest on each other with their front underedge. The grate plates extend across the entire width of the grateway. The movable grate plates (6) are each driven by a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit (18,19). To the sides, the grateway is limited by panels of water-cooled conduits (8,9), which, in the longitudinal direction, each consist of at least two sections sealingly flanged together. The panels are rigidly screwed to each other by a plurality of horizontally disposed distancing bars (3,4) running perpendicular thereto. Running between the panels are two additional conduits (10,11) flanged together in the same way, for feeding primary air and cooling water, which are fixed to certain individual distancing bars (3,4).

Abstract: A loose-material grate includes a grate surface for receiving loose material and a chamber arrangement below the grate surface supplies the grate surface with a gas, for example cooling air. A lattice arrangement with adjustable openings is provided spaced from the grate surface. The adjustable openings communicate with grate surface openings of the associated grate surface. The lattice arrangement preferably is divided into several lattice sections, which have openings adjusted independently from one another, whereby the adjustable openings of the lattice sections, each sealed off from other lattice sections, communicate with the grate surface openings of associated areas of the grate surface. The adjustable openings of the lattice sections enable adjustment of the resistance of the grate, if necessary, differently at various grate sections depending on the demands for cooling.

Abstract: A roller grate arrangement for garbage-incinerating plants, in which a plurality of rollers with horizontal and parallel axes lie in an inclined plane. Primary air is fed to interiors of the rollers by air boxes located below the grate. The rollers have surfaces with air gaps for supplying the primary air, and the rollers are positioned to form a space between adjacent rollers. A component in the space between adjacent rollers, bridges the space between adjacent rollers. The component is free of air passages. Blast pipes are positioned in spaces between adjacent rollers and are connected to a separate system for feeding supplemental air.

Abstract: A roller grate arrangement for garbage-incinerating plants, in which a plurality of rollers with horizontal and parallel axes lie in an inclined plane. Primary air is fed to interiors of the rollers by air boxes located below the grate. The rollers have surfaces with air gaps for supplying the primary air, and the rollers are positioned to form a space between adjacent rollers. A component in the space between adjacent rollers bridges the space between adjacent rollers. The component is free of air passages. Blast pipes are positioned in spaces between adjacent rollers and are connected to a separate system for feeding supplemental air.

Abstract: The grate element (1, 2) is made in three pieces in the sample embodiment, and consists of a central main part (10) and two side parts (11, 12) attached thereto. The main part (10) is pierced by parallel straight-line bores, which form the straight-line conduit sections. These straight-line conduit sections (13) are flow-connected with reversers (14) in the respective side parts (11, 12). The inlet (15) for the coolant fluid is located in the rear part of the grate element, whereas the outlet (16) is located in the head area (7) of the grate element. In the outlet (16) there is a temperature probe (17) for monitoring the temperature of the coolant fluid. The grate element head (7) has recesses (18) in its foot (8) which open downward, serving as air escape orifices for the primary air, which is supplied from beneath.

Abstract: In order to create a thrust grating cooler whose system for delivering the cooling air to the individually aerated, reciprocally movable grating plate carriers manages without flexible cooling air hose conduits that are susceptible to wear, at least one cooling air channel is provided that moves together with the C-push frame which carries the movable grating plate carriers. The cooling air channel is mounted at the underside of the C-push frame either transversely or parallel with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cooler. The air entry end of the cooling air channel that is co-moved together with the C-push frame is connected to a stationary cooling air delivery nozzle by means of a seal. A plurality of rigid connecting channels branch off from the cooling air channel to the movable grating plate carriers and supply both the carriers and the movable perforated grating plates that are secured thereon with cooling air.

Abstract: A reciprocating grate cooler has a plurality of grate plates mounted on a reciprocable support structure for conveying hot material longitudinally across a grate surface formed by the grate plates. The support structure has passages therein and an inlet for admitting cooling gases into the passages for delivery to the hot material. A stationary cooling gas delivery duct has an outlet adjacent the inlet of the support structure and both are provided with sealing frame plates mounted on the support structure and delivery duct, respectively, in generally parallel, closely spaced relation to one another to provide a wear-free dynamic air seal between the delivery duct and the support structure.

Abstract: The sidewall end grate block includes a first side which can be placed adjacent to a press plate and a second side which is adjacent to another grate block. The first side includes press plate attachment provisions while the second side includes a tension rod attachment provisions. The press plate attachment provisions on the first side include a plurality of holes which are adapted to receive bolts which can be received by a corresponding holes in the respective adjacent press plate. The tension rod attachment provisions on the second side include a cross-shaped hole and locking protrusions which can accept the head end of a tension rod.

Abstract: A grate bar support for use in combustion furnaces, particularly rubbish incinerators, has a hollow-box shaped member having a trapezoidal cross-section along a longitudinal direction and trapezoidal cross-section along a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction, a front and a rear end and a nozzle shaped air outlet opening located at the front end of the hollow box shaped member. A grate is formed by a plurality of overlapping alternately stationary and movable rows of grate bars having a stroke which corresponds to the distance two adjacent rows of grate bars are offset with respect to each other. Preferably, the grate bar supports are arcuately shaped so as to provide a tight grate surface in both cold and hot operating conditions.

Abstract: The procedure for supplying combustion air during grate firings, in which the primary combustion air is introduced into the fuel, and secondary combustion air is introduced directly into the flow of exhaust gas, and in which, in addition, some of the exhaust gas is tapped off from the flow of exhaust gas and returned to the combustion process, includes the withdrawal of exhaust gas directly above the fuel in the area where there is a large quantity of unused primary air, and the delivery of this exhaust gas that has been tapped off to the combustion air, the quantity of which is reduced according to the quantity of exhaust gas that is mixed with it.

Abstract: Improvements for an incinerator system including double reburn tunnels, an excitor within a reburn tunnel, a choker for closing off part of a reburn tunnel, a grate near the incinerator's inlet to permit the drying and initial combustion of refuse, an ash scoop which remains out of the water during most of its operation. The use of dual reburn tunnels, along with a damper that permits the closure of at least one of them, permits the efficient and environmentally acceptable utilization of the main incinerator chamber even with minimal refuse contained there. With less refuse, only one reburn unit operates; it will still have sufficient heat and throughput to maintain, with minimal auxiliary fuel, the temperatures needed for complete combustion. An excitor, or solid stationary object placed within the reburn tunnel, permits the retention and reflection of the heat generated by the burning to assure complete combustion of all hydrocarbons within the reburn unit.

Abstract: A grate for a fuel boiler, consisting of plates arranged stepwise or in a cascading fashion, with at least two fixed plates and a movable plate disposed between the two fixed plates. The movable plate is capable of reciprocating to and fro and is provided with an appropriate drive. Combustion air passes through the interspace between the movable and fixed plates and allows for controlled and complete combustion of the fuel. The fixed plates are fastened to a common first holder and the movable plates are fastened to a common second holder. The fastening of each plate to its individual holder is vertically-adjustable. Preferably, the air utilized for combustion of the fuel is only that which has passed through, and preferably been drawn through, the interspace between the movable and fixed plates.

Abstract: The grate comprises, within its length, two consecutive beds (41, 42) with substantially the same general slope joined together at a point in substantial vertical alignment with the altar wall (7), each bed having its own mobile frame (45d, 46d) with its own control means (45, 46) and its own draft chamber (43, 44) with its own ventilation means. It is therefore possible to adjust the combustion conditions so as to optimize the carbonization mode combustion on the upstream bed (41) and the brasier mode combustion on the downstream bed (42).

Abstract: An inclined grate construction or apparatus in the combustion chamber of a combustion furnace, comprising a plurality of adjacent grate tubes in the longitudinal direction of the grate, said tubes being welded together through flat bars. Below the grate is disposed a grate bar carriage, which, in use, reciprocates horizontally respective to the grate. The grate bar carriage supports at least one grate bar, which is pushed through the grate via an opening in the flat bar between two adjacent grate tubes when the grate bar carriage moves towards the grate. The grate bar carriage is also vertically displaceable.

Abstract: In a grate bar element for a sliding grate furnace for garbage incineration, where the individual grate bar elements are formed for imbricate arrangement and have at their ends openings for the escape of combustion air, the layout is such that each grate bar element (1) has, for multiple circulation of the material (3) to be incinerated, at least two skid surfaces (9, 10) arranged one above the other in cascade fashion, which are limited at their end by steplike lugs (22, 22a). The air outlet openings are provided in each lug (22, 22a) of the grate bar element (1) and are designed as air outlet slots (5, 6) for the horizontal or parallel supply of combustion air to the contiguous next skid surface (9, 10) which slots extend over largely the total width of the grate bar element (1). Each grate bar element (1) is subdivided vertically by an inner longitudinal center web, at whcih air passages (23, 24) are formed on both sides for the supply of the combustion air to the air outlet slots (5, 6).

Abstract: In a fluidized bed reactor, nozzles are provided for distributing fluidizing gas from a windbox into the reactor while preventing the backflow of solid particles through the nozzle into the windbox. The nozzle defines an upper part of high heat and wear resistant material adapted to contact the mass of particles. At least one opening is defined in each nozzle through which fluidizing gas passes between the upper part and the windbox, and a solid, though porous, material abuts or defines the opening for allowing the passage of gas while preventing passage of solid particles. The nozzle may comprise a stand pipe having a sintered metal portion disposed below the upper part. Other constructions provide the solid mass as a metal wire mesh acid proof filter, or as a porous ceramic material, or as a high temperature ceramic material. The solid mass may have pores with a pore size of between about 50-1,000 micormeters.

Abstract: The grate of an industrial furnace is assembled of elongated grate bars which form rows of neighboring grate bars and the grate bars of neighboring rows partially overlap each other. Each grate bar has a top wall, a front end wall and two sidewalls, and such walls define an air-admitting passage having a portion in one or more hollow upward extensions of the top wall close to the front end wall. The extensions have transverse openings which discharge air from the respective portions of the passages into the surrounding atmosphere, namely into fuel which is deposited on the grate. The openings of each extension are located in planes which are inclined to the longitudinal direction of the corresponding top walls through angles of 80-90 degrees, and such openings can be inclined forwardly, rearwardly, downwardly or upwardly. If the grate bars have top walls with several extensions, the openings in the extensions of each grate bar can be staggered relative to each other.

Abstract: A grate bar has an elongated top wall, two longitudinally extending sidewalls, transversely extending front and rear walls, a bottom wall, and several longitudinally extending ribs at the underside of the top wall. The walls define an air heating chamber which receives fresh air from a first opening below the rar wall and discharges heated air by way of a second opening which is provided in one of the sidewalls close to the front wall. The ribs divide the chamber into several elongated channels and a compartment which is located immediately behind the front wall and communicates with the channels as well as with the second opening. At least one of the ribs which are nearest to the one sidewall is spaced apart from the bottom wall so that the channels which flank such rib can communicate with one another along the upper side of the bottom wall.

Abstract: A dual stage combustion furnace has primary and secondary combustion chambers. The primary combustion chamber contains a solid fuel, such as wood or coal. The secondary combustion chamber is formed adjacent to and in communication with the primary combustion chamber for containing and igniting volatile combustion gases produced in the primary chamber. A plurality of hollow members, which provide a grate, extend through the primary chamber, and into the secondary chamber. Volatile gases given off in the primary combustion chamber are then ignited and burned in the secondary combustion chamber upon combination with heated air passing through the hollow grate members.

Abstract: In the stove, pluralities of elongated logs are stacked on top of one another, substantially on parallels to a generally horizontal axis, to form a pair of sloping, single-log-wide, axially extending stacks of the same which are spaced apart but converge in the bottom of a sump at points above a slot in the vertical plane of the axis. Air is admitted to the sump through the slot, and a pair of spaced abutments is disposed upright in the plane of the axis at the sump, to engage between the opposing faces of the bottommost logs in the stacks and form an air flow channel therebetween above the slot. Moreover, a chamber is formed above the channel to confine the flames and the flow of combustion products from the channel to the space between the stacks of logs. The chamber in turn discharges the combustion products to a low pressure zone where they escape to atmosphere or the like.