Abstract: A furnace containment structure includes a roof assembly including at least one layer of refractory material that includes a first layer of refractory material, a plurality of sidewalls, a plurality of pockets disposed in the first layer of ceramic refractory material, each pocket including a retainer that is spaced apart from sides of the pocket by gaps when the roof assembly is at room temperature, an upper plate disposed above the first layer of refractory material, and a first plurality of suspension rods that pass through first holes in the at least one layer of refractory material and the upper plate, wherein the plurality of suspension rods mechanically couple the retainers to the upper plate to retain the at least one layer of refractory material. The structure can use materials with different thermal expansion rates without cracking at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: A fluidized bed system having a containment vessel, a precast and predried monolithic refractory floor module positioned in the vessel, and a plurality of precast and predried monolithic refractory wall modules stacked within the vessel. The plurality of wall modules includes a first wall module is positioned on the floor module, wherein the floor module and the first wall module have interlocking surfaces, and wall modules adjacent to one another have interlocking surfaces. A method for assembling a fluidized bed reactor is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a city media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: A high temperature industrial furnace roof system having first and second spaced apart hanger brick rows with a filler row disposed therebetween and a cable system including a plurality of electrical cables. The filler row includes a plurality of filler elements having at least one removable heating module with a heat source. The cable system operatively connects the heat source with a power source and permits the removable heating module to be removed from the respective filler element while the respective heat source remains operatively connected with the power source.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to an industrial furnace roof filler element to allow replacement of a failed heat source during operation. The filler element can include a lower portion, a module, an aperture, a protuberance, a bore and/or a heat source. This invention also relates to a method of operation for an industrial furnace wherein a failed heat source is replaced during operation of the industrial furnace.

Abstract: A portico furnace includes a number of porticos (1), which are arranged parallel to one another and which define the spans of the furnace, and supports (2, 6) that are attached to the porticos (1), between which are positioned interjoists (3) that constitute the walls of the furnace. At least some of the interjoists (3) consist of a chimney block (4) with an axis that is parallel to the supports (2, 6).

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for at least partially isolating a zone of an industrial furnace. The apparatus includes a hanger block and a hanger clamp. The method includes removably mounting a hanger block with respect to a furnace structure. A hanger clamp is engaged with the hanger block. A curtain structure is mounted in the hanger block, and the hanger clamp is mounted to an adjustable support or mechanism.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method for at least partially isolating a zone of an industrial furnace. The apparatus includes a hanger block and a hanger clamp. The method includes removably mounting a hanger block with respect to a furnace structure. A hanger clamp is engaged with the hanger block. A curtain structure is mounted in the hanger block, and the hanger clamp is mounted to an adjustable support or mechanism.

Abstract: A system for supporting and cooling a furnace roof comprised of refractory bricks comprises a plurality of roof support members extending across the furnace and being supported from above the furnace roof. The support members are provided with internal channels for circulation of a cooling fluid, and are provided with side surfaces adapted to support rows or refractory bricks between adjacent roof support members. The system eliminates the need to suspend individual bricks from above the roof, and provides simultaneous support and cooling of the roof structure.

Abstract: A wall segment is for a combustion area to which a hot fluid can be applied. The wall segment includes a metallic supporting structure, with a heat protection element mounted on it. The metallic supporting structure is provided at least in places with a thin and/or metallic, heat-resistant separating layer. The separating layer is fitted between the metallic supporting structure and the heat protection element.

Abstract: An insulation system for furnaces and kilns in which the number of splits between the insulation modules and the heat leaks produced at open sections caused by temperature changes are eliminated, for using in structures having: a frame including a first and a second lateral sides in relation with a transversal axis; one or more openings including a surrounding frame, constituting a flue, each opening having two lateral sides and two longitudinal sides in relation with said transversal and whit a longitudinal axis; and a structural base, located inside the frame and coupled thereof, having an internal side facing to the housing of the furnace and an external side facing to the exterior of the furnace, said insulation structure comprising a first and a second elongated insulation modules having an upwardly projecting housing which isolates a longitudinal side of the flue frame; and a third and a fourth elongated insulation modules, having a vertical section which isolates a lateral side of the flue frame.

Abstract: Chimney-like cooling passages that have opposite outlet and inlet end regions open to ambient air also have central regions that extend through heated components of industrial furnaces. The passages preferably are defined by conduits that are oriented and configured in a manner that enables thermally induced flows of ambient air to self establish through the conduits to cool the furnace components once the furnace components become heated. The passages function like chimneys, with each having its outlet located higher than its inlet so that ambient air will effectively rise as it flows from the inlet to the outlet. The passages may provide increases in cross-sectional area somewhere along their lengths so that heated ambient air expanding in the passages is encouraged to discharge from the less restrictive, larger area outlets rather than from the smaller area inlets.

Abstract: A device for supporting refractory material in a furnace environment is provided. In one embodiment, the supporting device is fabricated from individual pieces which are connected to produce a functional supporting device. The material supporting device provides an inverted channel-shaped base member structurally interengaged with a C-shaped member to provide support to material loads in an industrial setting. The C-shaped member has a pair of generally upwardly and inwardly projecting engagement flanges which provide interconnection with the base member. The base member has a pair of generally downwardly and inwardly projecting base flanges which provide support for refractory material. In another embodiment, interengagement between the C-shaped member and the base member may be further secured by conventional mechanical fastening apparatus and methods. A method of employing the above-described device and a method for using multiple supporting devices with one or more structural members are also disclosed.

Abstract: Large size cast monolithic refractory repair modules which may be used to replace existing silica bricks within a coke oven heating wall. The modules are formed from a castable refractory mix having very high dimensional stability over a wide range of temperatures. Each of the modules is a rectangular parallelepiped having one or more vertically extending flues formed therein, one end of a module being adapted to conform to the end shape of the damaged heating wall, the other end of the module being adapted to interfit with existing brickwork. The modules are assembled by initially removing damaged brickwork from the heating wall and then placing in the new modules of this invention which are mortared in place.

Abstract: A refractory brick for high temperature industrial furnace roof construction which accommodates hanger attachment at a plurality of locations along the length of the hanger brick. A high temperature industrial roof system having alternate rows of hanger bricks, of the above configuration, and filler bricks which are at least 2 1/2 times as wide as the hanger bricks and can be individually removed by lifting from the top of the furnace. The high temperature industrial furnace roof may be constructed of two configurations of refractories with shortening of the length of either configuration of refractory to accommodate designs having a wide variety of roof widths. Electrically heated furnaces have bus bars which run along the length of the furnace and are fed through the top of the furnace.

Abstract: A method for forming an insulation lining of abutting modules in a high temperature chamber. The method comprises forming a modular fiber blanket surrounded by a retaining means to maintain the module in a pleated configuration. A plurality of hanger means cooperate with a support portion and an elongated prong means. The prong means is inserted into the hanger means and through the pleated body to form a plurality of modules. A surface is provided on the support part for engaging the prongs of an adjacent module to stabilize the module and ensure that the modules are accurately located and maintained in operative position on the interior surface of the high temperature chamber.

Abstract: A lining element for heat treatment furnaces comprises lining material consisting of insulating material, an elongate supporting element for transversely piercing the lining material, and elongate fastening members for attachment of the element to the interior furnace wall provided at both ends of the supporting element. The free ends of the fastening members are provided with projections extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the fastening members at the height of a planar interior surface of the element, which surface will be closest to the interior furnace wall.

Abstract: A removable roof for a furnace in which metal is melted has a framework composed of a series of horizontal beams arranged in several layers, with the beams of the lowest layer being parallel to each other and being held in fixed and determined relation with respect to each other by the beams of the next layer. Anchors are attached to the beams of the lowest level, and a cast refractory fills the spaces between and around the anchors so that the refractory forms the downwardly presented face of the roof--the face which is exposed to the interior of the containment vessel. To construct the roof, the framework is fabricated and placed over a horizontal surface, whereupon the anchors are attached and a moldable refractory mix is introduced with the spaces between the anchors. The mix sets up into the refractory.

Abstract: A high temperature furnace curved nose construction having refractories suspended from a support structure wherein a combination of radial filler refractories and rectangular filler refractories are supported by rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory is supported by radially adjacent rectangular filler and/or rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory has opposed converging tread sides while each rectangular filler refractory and rectangular hanger refractory have four tread sides. The tread sides of a radial filler refractory mates with the tread sides of a rectangular filler refractory or a rectangular hanger refractory. Any combination of at least one rectangular hanger refractory, at least one rectangular filler refractory and at least one radial filler refractories mate by their tread sides to form at least a section of the curved nose construction.

Abstract: A furnace of kiln for use in the heat treatment of materials or articles has an inner lining comprising boards of refractory, heat-insulating material restrained from inward movement by rails of refractory, heat-insulating material having shoulders at their inward side against the back of which shoulders edge portions of the boards rest.

Abstract: Roof of a working tank or of a glass melting furnace having a basin containing molten glass and covered by the radiation roof of highly refractory firebrick material, in which the roof is constructed with horizontal supporting elements in the form of straight arches (3) bearing the load of the roof (1) and spanning the tank at intervals, and with horizontal slabs (4) covering the open intervals between the supporting elements (3) and laid crosswise between the supporting elements (3).

Abstract: A refractory brick includes at least one insulation insert located on the cold face of the brick. Heat reflective means is provided on the surface of the insert disposed parallel to the cold face of the brick to reduce the amount of heat radiated through the insert.

Abstract: To simplify the insertion and to improve the stability as well as to avoid mechanical damage to a ceiling of an industrial furnace, the invention proposes a fire-resistant ceiling element to be used as a self-supporting building element which can be inserted on the side of the furnace channel.

Abstract: An insulative panel prevents heat transfer from a molten metal melt. The panel comprises a reinforced refractory slab supported along its edges. An insulation layer is placed on top of the refractory slab, thereby creating a hot zone between the molten metal and the insulation layer and a cold zone in and above the insulation layer. Reinforcing members are placed in the cold zone on top or within the insulation layer vertically above reinforcing rods in the refractory slab. Hangers extending downwardly from the reinforcing members through the insulation layer and refractory slab are joined to the reinforcing rods for supporting the reinforcing rods in the hot zone by the reinforcing or support members in the cold zone.

Abstract: A cover for a top charged melting furnace includes an annular ring of downwardly extending blocks or modules of ceramic fiber insulating material. A plurality of T-bar anchors cooperate with the blocks to provide an anchor system for the annular ring. This anchor system allows the ring's attachment to the cover to be tightened in compensation for heat and compressionally related block size reductions. The anchoring system prevents the ring of blocks from sagging during cover elevation while not interfering with upward movement of the blocks during cover positioning on the furnace. The annular ring of blocks protects the main portion of the cover's insulation from damage and any damaged blocks in the ring are readily replaceable.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and an apparatus to heat certain particles. These certain particles are heated to make them more desirable. In the heating of these particles, it is often desirable to expand the particles to make a light-weight aggregate. The light-weight aggregate may be used in making a building material or the like. In carrying out the process of heating these particles, there is used air for combustion of the combustible fuel and only a mimimum of air for carrying of the particles or expansion of the particles.

Abstract: A furnace crown structure for furnaces used to fire ceramic materials at high temperature, which comprises silicon carbide beams.Each beam is laid crosswise to the longitudinal axis of the furnace, parallel to one another at constant pitch distances apart. The spaces between the beams one closed with satisfactory material plates.The furnace affords the possibility of forming a furnace crown from a light weight material which can provide for a rapidly achieved steady state operation and cooling down of the furnace.The furnace can reach temperatures in the 1600.degree. C. range.

Abstract: This invention relates to high-temperature kilns such as those used for bng ceramic products. It relates more particularly to the design and construction of the roof of such kilns. According to this invention, the roof (1) is flat and is composed of bricks (4) placed side-by-side which are permanently pressed together by resilient means (16) resting against a rigid external structure (12). The roof bricks (4) are provided with narrow notches (5-9). The combined effect of these notches with the lateral thrust from the springs (16) gives rise within the roof (1) to an arcuate orientation of prestressing forces, so that the flat roof (1) offers a mechanical resistance which matches the resistance of an arched vault, without having the drawbacks of a conventional arched structure, in which the inner volume of the arch is practically useless and causes an uneven heat distribution.

Abstract: A refractory brick panel module and suspended roof construction for high temperature furnaces wherein the panel module has a refractory support frame of at least two substantially parallel support members with at least one end of the support members having extension and retraction means forming an extendable and retractable refractory support frame end portion. The refractory support frame end portion in retracted position allows passage of the refractory support frame between adjacent roof support beams and in extended position provides refractory brick suspension beneath the roof support beams to a proximity to adjacent roof panel modules. The extendable and retractable refractory support frame allows great flexibility in modular suspended roof construction, providing easy repair of either entire modules or replacement of a relatively small number of refractory bricks from the cold side of the furnace roof.

Abstract: Anchor organization for a layer of refractory material deposited on a refractory furnace lining. The organization includes a number of non-metallic refractory anchors disposed at spaced locations about the furnace lining surface. The anchors are provided with a particular configuration that includes a concave locking surface on each end providing a refractory-retention function. Each anchor has one end cemented into a hole in the lining and the other end immersed in the cementitious refractory material that is deposited on the surface of the furnace lining. A plunger tool is also disclosed for use in inserting the anchor and cement into a hole in the lining.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method and an apparatus to heat certain particles. These certain particles are heated to make them more desirable. In the heating of these particles, it is often desirable to expand the particles to make a light-weight aggregate. The light-weight aggregate may be used in making a building material or the like. In carrying out the process of heating these particles, there is used air for combustion of the combustible fuel and only a minimum of air for carrying of the particles or expansion of the particles.

Abstract: A suspended roof construction for industrial furnaces is disclosed having carrier bricks of generally rectangular configuration with a hanger recess in one side and shoulder means extending from the upper portion of sides adjacent the hanger recess for support of filler bricks. Thus, a single hanger suspends two carrier bricks which in turn support four filler bricks. Such assemblies of bricks may be fabricated into panel units which provide telescoping tubes on at least one end of hanger tubes for suspension of end bricks between adjacent panel modules. The telescoping tubes may be retracted, the panel unit lowered into place between the structural frame of the furnace roof, the telescoping tubes extended and filler bricks hung from cross bars at each end of the panel unit to fill the spaces between adjacent panels.

Abstract: When coating the inner surfaces of a furnace with strips of refractory mineral material or synthetic material such as felt, one often uses anchors which are welded to the shell of the furnace, which anchors are provided with recesses such that little plates can be secured to the anchor after having made a quarter of a revolution. These anchors represent energy loss and it is a time consuming job to weld all those anchors. This is eliminated by using metal strips with recesses which are punched out to at least one side. One can make now felt packages and some strips are provided with slots so that they can simply be attached to the furnace frame. If the side walls are coated by vertical packages, there also is no sag under the influence of their own weight.

Abstract: A float glass forming chamber is provided with a simplified roof structure having a reduced number of vertically extending joints and openings. The roof is comprised of relatively large refractory slabs suspended from above by a hanger arrangement external to the forming chamber enclosure.

Abstract: Auxiliary heat is provided to a float glass forming chamber by means of a prewired portable heating module which may be inserted or removed from an operating forming chamber. In particular, the auxiliary heating arrangement is adapted to provide temporary center heat in a forming chamber which is primarily heated along side portions.

Abstract: A float glass forming chamber is provided with electrical heating elements having separate housings and separate electrical shut-off means, so that any heating element can be independently disconnected for replacement or for modifying the heating pattern.

Abstract: An industrial furnace with insulating walls and roof comprising side-by-side pre-formed panels each including a plurality of ceramic insulating modules. The roof modules are suspended by a structure comprising a support grid embedded in situ in the ceramic module. The grid includes four holding rods each parallel to the corresponding side of the module. Hanger rods are attached to the grid at the corners thereof, and extend out from the module to pass through holes in the furnace roof member where the rods are secured in place by nuts. The module may also carry electric heating coil embedded in situ in the ceramic material adjacent the surface thereof facing the furnace interior.