Abstract: Deterioration of an O ring due to radiation heating in a vacuum heating apparatus is prevented to allow heat treatment of a substrate with good annealing properties. The vacuum heating apparatus 1 includes a vacuum chamber 2 constituted by flanges 11 and 12 having an opening portion 9 and joined together, a turbo molecular pump 17 for exhausting gas from the vacuum chamber 2, and a heater base 3 for heating a substrate 5 placed in the vacuum chamber 2. Joint surfaces of the flanges 11 and 12 are sealed by an O ring 10. Further, bonding steps 13 are formed between the heater base 3 and the O ring 10 on the joint surfaces of the flanges 11 and 12, thereby preventing thermo-radiation from the heater base 3 from reaching the O ring 10 through the joint surfaces of the flanges 11 and 12.

Abstract: A shield for a refractory structure that houses refractory bricks. The refractory bricks are assembled with respect to each other to form a refractory wall, roof or another refractory structure. A hanger can be used to suspend or mount at least one refractory brick. In order to extend the service life of the hanger, a shield can cover at least a portion of the hanger, such as a hanger rod, to prevent dust particles from accumulating on the rod or another hanger element. Reducing or eliminating dust particles, particularly metal dust particles, can extend the service life of hanger components and can also reduce costs associated with maintenance and repair of refractory structures, particularly within industrial furnaces.

Abstract: A refractory brick having a plurality of segments positioned along a longitudinal axis of the refractory brick. Each segment has at least two arcuate recesses and at least two arcuate ridges. The recesses of a first segment of the segments are positioned at a radial offset with respect to the recesses of a second segment which is adjacent the first segment. A plurality of refractory bricks are interlocked with respect to each other to form a refractory construction.

Abstract: A refractory vessel has a generally cylindrical metal shell and an upper torispherical dome. A refractory liner lines the shell and the dome. A layer of skew blocks are positioned between the cylindrical shell portion of the refractory liner and the dome portion. A metal band is positioned outwardly from said layer of skew blocks for restraining radial expansion thereof.

Abstract: A refractory vessel has a generally cylindrical metal shell and an upper torispherical dome. A refractory liner lines the shell and the dome. A layer of skew blocks are positioned between the cylindrical shell portion of the refractory liner and the dome portion. A metal band is positioned outwardly from said layer of skew blocks for restraining radial expansion thereof.

Abstract: An installation is provided for the deflagration of explosives. The installation includes a splinter and explosive-proof tunnel housing having open ends and receiving a deflagration reactor positioned inside the tunnel housing and having an entry passageway and entry zone, a deflagration zone and an exit zone and exit passageway. A conveyor device extends from outside the reactor and into and through and out of the reactor and includes a plurality of carriers movable along the conveyor device for receiving and transporting explosives into and through the entry zone and into the reactor zone for ignition and burning of the explosives in the reactor zone. Each of the carriers includes a device for closing in substantially air-tight manner the entry passage and the exit passage as the carrier moves through the reactor. Devices cooperate with the device for closing the entry passageway and the exit passageway for allowing a controllable residual airflow through the reactor.

Abstract: An anchor system including a C-track and a two-pronged anchor capable of installing and holding sheet insulation material on a support surface in a compressed state is described. The method of installation utilizing the anchor system of the present invention provides for both the attachment of the insulation to the support surface and compression of the insulation during a single installation operation. The method involves forming a plurality of folds with the sheet insulation to a desired height followed by the insertion of one prong of the two-pronged anchor through the folds to compress the folds and hold the folds in position. The second prong of the anchor initially serves to aid in the compression of the folds and secondarily serves to connect the compressed insulation to a next layer of folds formed and stacked on top of the already formed folds. The use of a separate attachment means with each fold of the insulation material is not required.

Abstract: A high temperature furnace curved nose construction having refractories suspended from a support structure wherein a combination of radial filler refractories and rectangular filler refractories are supported by rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory is supported by radially adjacent rectangular filler and/or rectangular hanger refractories. Each radial filler refractory has opposed converging tread sides while each rectangular filler refractory and rectangular hanger refractory have four tread sides. The tread sides of a radial filler refractory mates with the tread sides of a rectangular filler refractory or a rectangular hanger refractory. Any combination of at least one rectangular hanger refractory, at least one rectangular filler refractory and at least one radial filler refractories mate by their tread sides to form at least a section of the curved nose construction.

Abstract: A removable refractory shield toe assembly for a suspended refractory shield wherein a hanger suspension means extends substantially the length of the toe assembly suspending a plurality of adjacent refractories on at least one metallic refractory hanger, a toe assembly suspension means extending upwardly from the hanger suspension means and having lifting means positioned in an outer upward location outwardly from a vertical axis through the center of gravity of the removable toe assembly and having hanging means positioned in an inner upward location inwardly from the vertical axis whereby the removable toe assembly rotates outwardly spacing the inner face of the innermost of the plurality of refractories from the outer face of the outermost fixed refractory of a suspended refractory shield when the weight of the removable toe assembly is upon the lifting means and the removable toe assembly rotates inwardly urging the inner face against the outer face of the fixed refractory when the weight of the removabl

Abstract: A furnace is now provided having a dual pressure damper control system. Such system provides for substantial flexibility of control over the flow of flue gases, and consequently leads to substantial flexibility in the economical treatment of work pieces from a relatively low to relatively high product throughput. Additionally, the furnace includes a lightweight, readily repairable and readily removable, cover member. Such provides for ease of repair of not only the cover member, but also the furnace generally. Dual dampers can be used in association with dual heat chambers and burners therefore providing additional operational efficiency.

Abstract: A suspended nose construction for high temperature furnaces providing refractory replacement from the cold side of the refractory has a plurality of wedge-shaped refractories arranged to form a wedge row along the length of the nose adjacent, on at least one side, a plurality of rectangular-shaped refractories arranged to form a straight row along the length of the nose. The converging sides of the wedge-shaped refractories converge toward the cold side of the refractory. Both the wedge refractories and the rectangular refractories are suspended in pairs by suspension means from an exterior support structure, the suspension means and support structure providing space allowing removal of the refractories in pairs from the cold side of the nose construction. The suspended nose construction according to this invention provides for removal and replacement of a small number of refractories in the nose without disturbing the major portion of the nose construction.