Abstract: An incinerator hearth includes a bottom formed of a refractory slab. The slab has a plurality of upwardly-extending projections which define a serpentine channel. A conduit is placed within the channel. The conduit is made of steel or another material capable of withstanding high temperatures. The height of the conduit is slightly lower than the height of the projections. The upper surface of the conduit and the upper surfaces of the projections together define the combustion surface of the hearth. A heat transfer fluid is pumped through the conduit, and this fluid prevents the combustion surface of the hearth from becoming too hot. Thus, slag formed in the hearth tends not to adhere to the combustion surface, and can be easily removed without damaging that surface and without requiring that the incinerator be cooled down and manually cleaned.

Abstract: A method is provided for lining furnace walls with cement-like monolithic insulation linings wherein a plurality of wire hanger devices are welded to the furnace wall to be insulated in a predetermined spaced array with each of said studs having a free end projecting outwardly from the furnace wall;mounting a plurality of elongated stud extender members having a radial stop flange mounted thereon on the free ends of a portion of the end welded studs secured to the furnace wall with the free ends thereof projecting perpendicularly from the furnace wall and the radial stop flange disposed so as to provide a bearing surface with a substantially uniform level of spacing from the end mounted on the furnace wall;attaching a planar panel over a plurality of the elongated extender members projecting from the furnace wall and supporting the same on the extender members with the panel bearing on the radial stop flanges mounted on the stud extender members spaced from and substantially parallel to the furnace wall to be

Abstract: A refractory brick wall system for towers and the like which includes an outside casing and a plurality of bricks laid up in a pattern on the inside of the casing. Tie-back devices secure the bricks to the casing and allow for relative horizontal and relative vertical movement between the bricks and the casing. A plurality of shelves are fixed to the inside of the casing at vertically spaced intervals to provide support for the bricks in vertical sections thereof. A lightweight, insulating refractory material is cast between the casing and the bricks. The bricks themselves are shaped with ring and groove sides for interlocking of the bricks in a laid-up wall construction thereof.

Abstract: An anchor system including a C-track and a two-pronged anchor capable of installing and holding sheet insulation material on a support surface in a compressed state is described. The method of installation utilizing the anchor system of the present invention provides for both the attachment of the insulation to the support surface and compression of the insulation during a single installation operation. The method involves forming a plurality of folds with the sheet insulation to a desired height followed by the insertion of one prong of the two-pronged anchor through the folds to compress the folds and hold the folds in position. The second prong of the anchor initially serves to aid in the compression of the folds and secondarily serves to connect the compressed insulation to a next layer of folds formed and stacked on top of the already formed folds. The use of a separate attachment means with each fold of the insulation material is not required.

Abstract: A high-speed type burner tile assembly including a cylindrical mixing tile having a central through-hole, and a combustion tile having a tip portion aligned with the mixing tile. The tip portion of the combustion tile is coaxially extended into the central cylindrical through-hole of the mixing tile to provide diffusion air delivery passages extending in parallel with the axis of the mixing tile between the tip portion and the inner surface of the through-hole of the mixing tile, thereby permitting the supply of a large volume of diffusion air at low pressures and increasing linearity of the combustion gas supplied into a furnace.

Abstract: A heat shield configuration for structures carrying hot fluid, especially metal components of gas turbine systems and combustion chambers, includes adjacent mushroom-shaped ceramic material heat shield elements being mutually spaced apart defining expansion gaps therebetween, each of the heat shield elements having a surface-covering polygonal cap portion being flat or curved with straight or curved outer edges and a shank portion with an end facing away from the cap portion, the ends of the shank portions having beads formed thereon. A support structure on which the heat shield elements are anchored at a distance defines a space between the support structure and the heat shield elements to be subjected to fluid through channels formed in the support structure. Clamps secure the beads to the support structure and additional devices are provided for supporting the heat shield elements against the support structure.

Abstract: An insulation lining is formed of abutting modules. Each module includes a fiber blanket surrounded by a combustible sheet of material which compresses the fibers and holds the blanket in folded position. A hanger has spaced prongs extending from a support part which is disposed at one side of the module. The prongs pass through the blanket and extend beyond the opposite side of the module. A surface is provided on the support part for directly engaging the prongs of an adjacent module to stabilize adjacent modules and ensure that they are accurately located and maintained in operative position.

Abstract: An excellent ceramic fiber furnace is provided which prevents formation or peeling-off of minute ceramic fibers from a ceramic fiber board of the furnace caused by elevation or lowering of the furnace temperature. As a result, firing methods of using a muffle furnace, a reflector system or a brick wall furnace, etc., which necessitate a large heat source and which have inferior heat efficiencies and small temperature-raising or lowering rates, need not be used, so that investment cost and running cost can be decreased, firing of ceramic products is facilitated, the quality of the ceramic products is improved, and the firing time of the ceramic products can be decreased.

Abstract: The invention herein teaches a crown system for kilns and furnaces for the high temperature firing of materials. One method used in the industry for a crown system consists of supporting layers of insulation with inverted T-rails attached to bones which are further attached to hanger devices hanging from pipes that rest upon an ultimate support system. To overcome the numerous problems associated with the prior art the following considerable modifications have been made: 1) slotting each inverted T-rail, along its narrow attaching flange and adding stops to each side of said slot such that the bone is evenly spaced along the T-rail when inserted and slid into position, 2) fitting rigid insulation cases fully between the bones and adjacent layers of insulation and 3) said insulation cases and said T-rail stops combine to lock said bones in position.

Abstract: Reduced thermal overstressing and cracking in the cone of a high efficiency regenerator for fluidized catalytic cracking catalyst is achieved by providing a cylindrical skirt at the base of the cone. The skirt defines an annular space which allows for expansion of the cone during changes in temperature of the regenerator. A catalytic cracking process using the regenerator is also disclosed.

Abstract: A suspended back wall for a high temperature furnace including a plurality of spaced-apart, vertically extending columns having upper portions supported between spaced girder members to bear loading while permitting lateral thermal expansive and contractive movement of the upper portions of the columns. Lower end portions of the columns are attached to a main support beam which horizontally traverses the width of the suspended wall. A plurality of interlocking refractory tiles are secured on the vertical columns by cast metal hangers. A plurality of insulation slabs or batts are inserted in specially formed pockets between adjacent refractory tiles and columns at a rear face thereof. An air chamber is formed along the rear of the vertical columns and an air duct is provided along the bottom thereof to supply a regulated forced air flow to the air chamber.

Abstract: An insulation member for use in insulating a high temperature furnace, the insulation member comprising a deformable mat of fibrous insulation material, and attachment means located in the mat for attaching the mat to a furnace surface to be insulated, the attachment means being resiliently deformable for resiliently biasing the mat into conforming engagement with such a surface.

Abstract: In a method for manufacture and mounting of fire-places, e.g. stoves, a lower and an upper half of the fire-place are manufactured separately and transported to the mounting place. The lower half is positioned and subsequently the upper half is lifted by means of a wheel-supported lifting frame, adjusted into its correct position and fastened by means of mortar to said lower half, whereupon connection to a smoke flue and a chimney is made. A device for mounting fire-places, e.g. stoves, comprises a wheel-supported lifting frame having a unit for lifting prefabricated fire-place halves to which lifting means are attached. The frame has such dimensions that lifting a distance corresponding at least to the height of said lower fire-place half is possible.

Abstract: A rear module wall before a burn-in system that provides burn-in boards for electronic components to permit passing connections through slots while maintaining a good heat seal. The module rear wall is a sandwich type construction of a plurality of layers with insulating silicon rubber sandwiched between slotted backing sheets to provide for double insulation for the boards as then are slid through the slots from the interior of the oven into a tempered zone or to the exterior where they are connected to driver receiver boards and other connections.

Abstract: An economical, efficient, compact furnace is provided with horizontal radiant furnace tubes that extend along all the walls of the furnace for uniform heat distribution and load. The furnace is particularly useful in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. The furnace also has a special pattern of burners for safer, more effective heat transfer.

Abstract: A cooling device provided in a thermal analyzer to cool a heating furnace by heat exchange between a cooling medium and the heating furnace based on direct and uniform gas-to-solid contact, and constructed to facilitate replacement of a sample in the cooled furnace. The cooling device includes a jacket surrounding the heating furnace to define a closed annular space, an inlet formed to introduce cooling medium into the closed space, and an outlet formed to discharge the introduced cooling medium from the closed space. Cooling of the furnace is carried out due to the heat exchange between the cooling medium and the heating surface in the closed space. A top portion of the heating furnace is not covered by the jacket, but is exposed to thereby facilitate the replacement of a sample through the exposed top portion of the heating furnace.

Abstract: A self-positioning refractory structure having a generally cylindrical casing. A plurality of positioning refractories, a plurality of filler refractories and a plurality of wedge refractories are interlocked with respect to each other and positioned to form a structure having a curved cross section within the cylindrical casing. The positioning, filler and wedge refractories are interlocked with respect to each other. The length of each positioning refractory is greater than the length of each filler and wedge refractories thus defining an annular space between the casing wall and the refractories. Each positioning refractory has a cold end in positioning and supporting contact with an inside wall of the casing and a hot end directed toward a center of the self-positioning refractory structure.

Abstract: An apparatus for securing loose wall brick or refractory lining in process heaters eliminates the need for the assistance of personnel outside the heater. Also, the requirement for scaffolding outside the heater is eliminated. Brick or refractory lining on process heater walls becomes loose and pulls away from the skin because of expansion and contraction over a period of time. The holdback plate assembly may comprise a rod of stainless steel which is threaded at one end (access end) and slotted at the other end (non-access end). A piece of flat bar is pivotally attached off center in the slotted end of the rod thereby allowing it to rotate freely for 90.degree. when unrestrained. The rod is inserted through a hole drilled through the brick and heater wall then positioned such that the flat bar rotates 90.degree. in the slot.

Abstract: A lining element for heat treatment furnaces comprises lining material consisting of insulating material, an elongate supporting element for transversely piercing the lining material, and elongate fastening members for attachment of the element to the interior furnace wall provided at both ends of the supporting element. The free ends of the fastening members are provided with projections extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the fastening members at the height of a planar interior surface of the element, which surface will be closest to the interior furnace wall.

Abstract: A fireproof panel for closing structural openings within building structures such as those between rooms, floors, ceilings, and the like through which essential-service hardware such as ducts, pipes, electrical conduit, and the like penetrates, or for providing support for such hardware. The panel comprises a solid matrix of refractory material having reinforcement material embedded therein. Preferably, the reinforcement material is embedded immediately beneath essentially all of at least one of the panel's front and back exterior surfaces. A preferred reinforcement material is a fiberglass material, preferably embedded immediately beneath both the front and back exterior surfaces of the panel. The reinforcement material inhibits fracture of the panel to thereby provide a greater workability in panel installation. The panel can be flat or shaped in accord with its intended function, and openings therethrough to accommodate penetrating hardware can be readily made.

Abstract: An insulation assembly consisting of a blanket of insulation folded into a plurality of "S" folds to form an insulation bundle having length, width and depth with a rod having first and second end portions and passing longitudinally through the insulation bundle along its length. The rod has an axial opening at one end and the remaining end portion has a narrowed diameter which is less than the diameter of the axial opening. A bracket is attached to the rod and extends below the insulation bundle so that it can be attached to a surface.With the above construction, a series of bundles can be secured to the surface by securing the first bundle to the surface, then attaching additional bundles by inserting the narrowed end of the rod into the axial opening of the preceding bundle and then attaching the bracket for each bundle to the surface to be insulated.

Abstract: A floor which comprises a plurality of structural elements (10) of elongated parallelepiped shape with their longitudinal axis disposed horizontally. The structural elements are disposed adjacent to each other to form a flat horizontal structure supported by two opposing vertical walls (23) and 24) of the kiln. Each structural element (10) comprises two internal beams (11) positioned to the axis of the element and a plurality of blocks (12) of thermally insulating material, each being provided with two through holes (13) by which they are mounted along the internal beams (11). The blocks (12) are slidable along the internal beams (11); means also being provided for acting on the ends of the row of said blocks (12) to compress the row in an axial direction, thereby pressing the blocks together. The internal beams (11) are stressed only partially by the weight of the blocks (12), which can therefore have a greater specific gravity or thickness to increase the insulating effect of the floor.

Abstract: A refractory furnace (10) is constructed to facilitate repair of worn or damaged refractory portions while the furnace is maintained at near-operating temperature. A sidewall (40) of the refractory furnace is comprised of a plurality of modular sections (85) each of which includes a refractory lining (87). One or more modular sections may be selectively replaced when becoming worn or damaged. Replacement is accomplished by external access and removal of the worn or damaged modular sections.

Abstract: A module of the type used in insulating the wall of a high-temperature furnace comprising a planar face, a hub joined and extending rearwardly from substantially the mid-point of the surface opposite the planar face, and a plurality of radial members extending outwardly from the hub is described. Preferably the entire module is integral. The module can be used in combination with an attachment which fits over the hub for attaching the module to a furnace wall. Blanketing material can be used with the module to vary the heat-insulating characteristics of the module. The module, which is easily attached to a furnace wall, can be cut along any of its edges without varying the heat-insulating characteristics of the module, permitting the installation of the modules on a furnace wall without substantial pre-engineering.

Abstract: A method and means of heat insulating the opening in a heat chamber, e.g., a soaking pit, comprises applying a cover including an inside lining of ceramic fibres, under a load which is selected so that the fibres contact a peripheral wall of the opening under a pressure which is sufficient to form a seal with the wall but insufficient to cause the fibres to be crushed.

Abstract: A lining for use in an aluminum reverberatory furnace or the like for heating molten aluminum in a cavity which cavity is formed by a roof, sidewalls and a bottom which are to be lined with refractory materials. The lining comprises a band of hot face refractory material around the interior periphery of the cavity sidewalls for contacting molten aluminum in the furnace at the normal operating levels of the upper surface of the molten aluminum. A layer of backup refractory material is interposed between the furnace shell and the band of hot face refractory material.

Abstract: A locking system is provided for preferably locating ceramic tiles in furnace throats in which locking member engages in a recess in the rear surface of the tiles the other end being attached to part of the throat the head of the locking member and shaping of the recess permitting angling of the locking member in relation to the tile. This permits greater fiexibility in mounting the tiles in the throat.

Abstract: A refractory lined pit burning bin for containing trees, branches, stumps and other combustible material to be burned includes rigid wall frames forming three walls of a rectangular bin having doors which constitute a fourth wall and in which the ends of the wall frames are disjointably connected at the bin corners, a plurality of generally rectangular refractory panels disposed about the inner parts of the rigid wall frames and doors to form a lining for the bin, and a plurality of brackets secured to the outer surface of each refractory panel and arranged disjointably to engage the rigid wall frames whereby the refractory panels may be installed and removed from inside the bin.

Abstract: Attachment hardware and modular furnace lining which may be secured to an interior surface of a furnace by any one of a variety of methods. e.g., welding, self-tapping screw, or to a previously secured stud or matingly configured member. In a preferred embodiment the module is formed of refractory ceramic fiber blanket portions which are retained into a modular unit by the hardware system. Each module includes hardware having support structure which passes through the layers of blanket adjacent the furnace wall. The hardware includes a collar which is moveable relative to the base bar to allow adjustment of the position of the module and means to facilitate access from the hot face of the module to install it.

Abstract: A refractory support device comprising two elongated members pivotally connected at one end and adapted to be attached to shaped connecting surfaces, and an insulated structure comprising connecting surfaces having the support devices attached thereto and having refractory material covering the surfaces and surrounding the support devices.

Abstract: The present device comprises an enclosing structure for a vacuum furnace hot zone. The enclosing structure, in a preferred embodiment, includes an outside wall (usually fabricated from stainless steel), and inside wall (usually fabricated from laminated graphite sheets) and layers of graphite felt located between the outside wall and the inside wall. The graphite felt is "cut back" so as to be shorter than both the outside wall and the inside wall, thereby creating a channel around the end of the enclosing structure. The present device further includes insert structure inserted into the channel and the insert structure comprises a backing of heat insulating rigidized material as well as a bonded front strip, in a preferred embodiment, fabricated from laminated graphite sheets. The insert seals and prevents any particles, emanating from the layers of loose fibered blanket of insulating material, from entering the hot zone, or other sections of the furnace, to contaminate the same.

Abstract: Attachment hardware and modular furnace lining which may be secured to an interior surface of a furnace by any one of a variety of methods, e.g., welding, self-tapping screw, or to a previously secured stud or matingly configured member. In a preferred embodiment the module is formed of refractory ceramic fiber blanket portions which are retained into a modular unit by the hardware system. Each module includes hardware having support structure which passes through the layers of blanket adjacent the furnace wall. The hardware includes a collar which is movable relative to the base bar to allow adjustment of the position of the module and means to facilitate access from the hot face of the module to install it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic composite material having a high thermal conductivity. The ceramic composite material consists of a network of metal fibers embedded in a ceramic material and where the network of fibers on one side of the ceramic composite material extends out to the surface of ceramic composite material. A part of the metal fibers may be substituted by ceramic fibers and/or carbon fibers. Preferably, the area of the network of metal fibers occupies 60-95% of the total area of the surface wherein the network of metal fibers extends out to the surface of the ceramic composite material. The present invention further relates to a refractory lining for metallurgical smelting furnace wherein at least a part of the above described ceramic composite material is connected by a metallic bond to a cooled metallic part of the smelting furnace.

Abstract: A furnace of kiln for use in the heat treatment of materials or articles has an inner lining comprising boards of refractory, heat-insulating material restrained from inward movement by rails of refractory, heat-insulating material having shoulders at their inward side against the back of which shoulders edge portions of the boards rest.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber insulation module is now provided from ceramic fiber units of finite length. The formation of the module can be initiated by folding an individual ceramic fiber strip or blanket, which is in unfolded condition, in a manner doubling the ends over on themselves. Then the double-over ends are folded up towards each other. As a result, the module, in cutaway, may be described as a "B-fold". The module presents an unbroken blanket surface for the hotface. The module also lends itself to fastening by cross-tying, between adjacent modules, to a backing member. Cross-tying can provide joint compression at the through joints which occur between modules.

Abstract: A process for reducing the cracking tendency and improving the strength of specified rammed plastic refractory reactor liners is described, the process comprising heating reactor liner mounted in a reactor, prior to its first use, to a temperature of from about 490.degree. C. to about 510.degree. C., the heating being carried out by heating said liner at a rate to produce a temperature increase of the liner not greater than about 6.degree. C. per hour. A reactor comprising a vessel or tube having a liner of the type specified and cured in the manner described is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved slot forge type furnace, including a front or workstation wall constituted of vacuum formed modules of fibrous insulating material; the wall in the form of an arch, is assembled of a number of elongated modules, sometimes referred to as logs, which are adhered together and compressively positioned abutting the interior side thermal lining and arched top of the furnace. As wear develops in the bottom edge of the front arch wall, which edge defines the top of the slot, the wall is removed, its bottom edge is cut back, and the wall is repositioned.

Abstract: Refractory bricks, suspended wall of refractory bricks, and a method for mounting refractory bricks for protection of membrane boiler tube walls. The pre-fired brick has a rectangular generally flat exterior face, a top face having an upper groove extending across the top face generally parallel to the exterior face, a bottom face having a lower groove extending across the bottom face generally parallel to the exterior face, the upper groove being deeper than the lower groove, the upper and lower grooves sized and spaced to accommodate mounting bars attached to the membrane boiler tube wall.

Abstract: Vertical tubes joined to each other by means of welded coupling fins and forming boiler baffles for refuse incinerators are placed between refractory bricks and provided with vertical auxiliary anchoring fins which make an angle of 30.degree. to 60.degree. with the plane of the coupling fins and are interrupted at intervals over vertical sections of the tubes. One portion of the bricks is provided with vertical recesses corresponding to the auxiliary fins over a fraction of their height from the bottom and the other portion of the bricks is provided with vertical recesses up to their full height. The bricks of the first portion are anchored to the top portion of the auxiliary fins and the bricks of the other portion are engaged on these fins above a brick of the first portion.

Abstract: Fifteen prefabricated refractory concrete blocks, consisting of ten different sizes and/or shapes assemble to provide a replacement firebox of U-shape with facing side walls joined by a rear wall. In one embodiment a metal lintel is disposed at the front upper boundary of the structure produced from the fifteen blocks, the lintel resting on the side walls bridging the opening therebetween and defining the upper boundary of the hearth opening. A masonry transition cone is erected atop the side walls and lintel. In a second embodiment, trapezoidal sheet metal panels are assembled to form a transition cone above the U-shape structure. The bottom courses are produced from blocks that are in the form of oblique rectangular parallelepipeds. These are arranged so that the joints are staggered vertically. The upper portion of the rear wall below the transition cone is formed from oblique trapezoidal prismatic blocks. Certain of the blocks in addition are truncated.

Abstract: Attachment hardware and modular furnace lining which may be secured to an interior surface of a furnace by any one of a variety of methods. E.g., welding, self-tapping screw, or to a previously secured stud or matingly configured member. In a preferred embodiment the module is formed of refractory ceramic fiber blanket portions which are retained into a modular unit by the hardware system. Each module includes hardware having support structure which passes through the layers of blanket adjacent the furnace wall. The hardware includes a collar which is moveable relative to the base bar to allow adjustment of the position of the module and means to facilitate access from the hot face of the module to install it.

Abstract: A refractory brick includes at least one insulation insert located on the cold face of the brick. Heat reflective means is provided on the surface of the insert disposed parallel to the cold face of the brick to reduce the amount of heat radiated through the insert.

Abstract: An apparatus for lining the interior of a furnace or the like having a hot and a cold face comprising alternating strips of two fibrous materials stacked edgewise to form the insulative module or mat. The first fibrous material exhibiting either greater shrinkage or corrosion resistance than the second fibrous material, and the alternating pattern allowing the lining to be used in conditions which would normally exceed the use characteristics of the second material.

Abstract: An insulation structure for a heat chamber, e.g., a wall or ceiling for a furnace, is now supported and linked to a frame in a manner providing for ease of repair plus simplicity of maintenance. In one embodiment a series of side-by-side ceramic fiber blankets can be maintained in snug relationship, in part by adjustable compression means. Heat loss, which can otherwise be caused by heat induced ceramic fiber shrinkage, is now substantially reduced to eliminated by the manner of supporting the insulation structure coupled with the compression exerted against such structure.

Abstract: An incineration apparatus is provided, preferably of the thermal heat regeneration type, in which noxious or other gases are passed to an incineration chamber, to be burnt at a sufficiently high temperature that they are disposed of, and in doing so, pass through heat-exchange beds of elements such as stones or the like, whereby the direction of gas flow may optionally be reversed. The stoneware beds reside in recovery chambers adjacent but contiguous with the combustion chamber, separated therefrom by built-up refractory blockwalls. The walls are of arcuate configuration and support the heat-retention elements in the recovery chambers. The walls are generally the thickness of a single refractory block, and are of a radius that is less than any radius of the combustion chamber and are of a sufficient radius such that the forces of the stone or other heat-retention elements outside the walls may be resisted to prevent wall collapse.

Abstract: A cyclone furnace for a pulverized fuel boiler comprises a casing enclosing a cage of water tubes and having studs extending inwardly from each of the water tubes. Refractory tiles line the inside of the furnace, each fitted over a stud and secured in place thereby protecting the water tubes from the intense corrosion and abrasion. The furnace has three sections in which the design of the tiles vary. In the neck section the joints of the tiles are straight, in the barrel section they are curved and sympathetic to the gas flow and in the re-entrant throat the joints are shiplapped or rebated. Although the tiles may be generally rectangular in all sections, they are preferably hexagonal in the barrel.

Abstract: A method of building refractory protection walls of furnaces, ovens or combustion chambers, notably but not exclusively for boilers for incinerating garbage and refuse, is proposed for protecting the hearth walls by means of a refractory wall (4) consisting of a plurality of shaped fire-bricks (5) each provided with at least one blind recess (6, 11) disposed at the level of the fixing means of the panel (1) to be protected which consist of fixing studs (7) projecting from the panel surface and adapted to engage the corresponding blind recesses (6, 11) so that each fire-brick (5) is suspended from these studs (7) and self-locked in position by at least the next overlying fire-brick.

Abstract: A waste incinerator, especially for waste products from the chemical industry, comprising a horizontal, stationary or revolving, combustion chamber, and a vertical, brick lined afterburning chamber with circular cross section. The steel casing of the afterburning chamber is supported on an exterior furnace framework by means of a supporting ring on the chamber above the burner supported on a horizontal supporting frame. An upper steel casing segment of the afterburning chamber is separated from a lower steel casing segment above the entrance of the horizontal combustion chamber by a separating joint. The afterburing chamber above the joint is suspended by a supporting ring engaged over a horizontal frame of the furnace framework. The joint is spanned by a compensator.

Abstract: A furnace water cooled tube wall portion (10) is separated from heated gasses by cast refractory material (12). A metal isolation plate (14) against the tubes (18) separates the tubes from the refractory material (12) and has projecting elongated anchors (30) with shanks (32) attached at spaced locations to mechanically join the refractory material to isolation plate (14). Anchors (30) have conical chamber washers welded to shanks (32) to shield the locations from cast refractory material at the spaced locations. This permits bending of shanks (32) to accommodate thermal expansion force created movement between isolation plate (14) and the refractory material (12).

Abstract: A ceramic fiber mat attached to the interior wall or surface of a high temperature chamber of furnace or adapted to overlie an intermediate insulating member positioned between the mat and a furnace wall, the fibers in the mat lying in planes generally perpendicular to the wall, the mat constituting an improved insulation for the wall where the interior of the chamber or furnace will be operating at temperatures in excess of 1600.degree. F.