Abstract: The burner block or tile in industrial furnaces is conventionally made of refractory ceramic material. Such refractories are susceptible to cracking from thermal shock if the temperature of the burner block fluctuates during use. The life of the burner block can be greatly improved by making it in two parts: a cavity bounding inner part made from a material more shock resistant than a conventional refractory and a conventional refractory outer part. Best results are obtained with a thin inner liner of recrystallized silicon carbide having a thermal conductivity of over 18 W/(m K) and a modulus of rupture of at least 120 MPa.

Abstract: A support anchor is provided for anchoring a castable or plastic refractory material to a processing vessel wall. The support anchor of the present invention includes a flat center member portion and portions integrally formed with and extending transversely with respect to each end of the center member. Attachment members are formed at an inner edge of the support body so that the support body is mounted at a spaced position from the vessel wall. Plural openings are formed in the support body to allow flow of refractory material during installation to aid in at least partial bonding of the installed refractory and the support anchor. Anchoring members are mounted adjacent the openings in the support body to provide anchoring support submerged within the installed refractory material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ceramic composite material having a high thermal conductivity. The ceramic composite material consists of a network of metal fibers embedded in a ceramic material and where the network of fibers on one side of the ceramic composite material extends out to the surface of ceramic composite material. A part of the metal fibers may be subtituted by ceramic fibers and/or carbon fibers.Preferably, the area of the network of metal fibers occupies 60-95% of the total area of the surface wherein the network of metal fibers extends out to the surface of the ceramic composite material.The present invention further relates to a refractory lining for metallurgical smelting furnace wherein at least a part of the above described ceramic composite material is connected by a metallic bond to a cooled metallic part of the smelting furnace.

Abstract: An oven wall straightener and a method for straightening an oven wall are disclosed. An angled beam (30) is mounted in such a way that rapid heat transfer from the oven wall (10) to the vertex (35) of the angled beam (30) causes the angled beam (30) to bow away from the oven wall (10). Beam straps (50) then pull the oven wall (10) toward the angled beam (30) restoring the oven wall (10) to a relatively straightened position.

Abstract: A furnace is now provided having a dual pressure damper control system. Such system provides for substantial flexibility of control over the flow of flue gases, and consequently leads to substantial flexibility in the economical treatment of work pieces from a relatively low to relatively high product throughput. Additionally, the furnace includes a lightweight, readily repairable and readily removable, cover member. Such provides for ease of repair of not only the cover member, but also the furnace generally. Dual dampers can be used in association with dual heat chambers and burners therefore providing additional operational efficiency.

Abstract: Described herein is a porous ceramic structure consisting of a ceramic roll core or an assembly of ceramic roll cores each comprising: consecutively aligned pairs of inclined cylindrical cell units of oblique figure "8" shape, each cylindrical cell unit having a width of 5-30 mm, a height of 10-100 mm and an angle of inclination of 20-70 degrees.

Abstract: An insulating lining is made up of modules of ceramic fibre, each hung over a module rod. The modules are held in tight side by side relation by engaging the rods with respective engaging means spaced along a hanger rod extending through the modules. The engaging means are spaced apart by a distance selected according to the degree of compression desired in the modules.

Abstract: A refractory sheathing (1) of incombustible, compressed, flat insulating bodies (8) made of mineral or ceramic fiber for thermally insulating pipes (10) in preheating furnaces fired from below in the steel industry is described. The insulating bodies (8) have an inner and, if desired, also an outer arc-shaped profile, they enclose the pipes (10) to be insulated totally or almost totally in circumferential direction, and they are secured at the pipe in close mutual abutment by at least two retainers which engage the ends of a plurality of adjacent insulating bodies (8) forming a stack of insulating bodies. The risk of separating from the pipe during the constant vibrations of the same is reduced and the space requirement for installation at the building site as well as the cost of mounting involved are scaled down by the line-up of a plurality of insulating bodies (8) on a plurality of spaced apart rods (11) to form a highly compressed insulating body stack.

Abstract: A power plant with a combustion chamber, in which fuel is burnt in a fluidized bed of a particulate material. The walls of the combustion chamber are provided on their inner side with a layer of a heat insulating material. Channel-section members are arranged between fixing means with the flanges of the channel-section members directed inwards towards the combustion chamber space. Plates cover openings which are formed between the channel-section members. These cover plates are provided with flanges passing in between the flanges of the channel-section members. The cover plates are held in position by fixing members and elements which connect the fixing members to the combustion chamber wall.

Abstract: An insulative panel prevents heat transfer from a molten metal melt. The panel comprises a reinforced refractory slab supported along its edges. An insulation layer is placed on top of the refractory slab, thereby creating a hot zone between the molten metal and the insulation layer and a cold zone in and above the insulation layer. Reinforcing members are placed in the cold zone on top or within the insulation layer vertically above reinforcing rods in the refractory slab. Hangers extending downwardly from the reinforcing members through the insulation layer and refractory slab are joined to the reinforcing rods for supporting the reinforcing rods in the hot zone by the reinforcing or support members in the cold zone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward an anchor used to retain thin refractory linings in process vessels such as cyclones and the like. In its simplest sense, the anchor of the present invention has a curved central web and curved legs which together have a shape that approximates that of the letter C. The anchor also has straight arms extending outwardly from the central web which together have a shape approximating the letter W. The arms and legs improve the ability of the anchor to control the crack pattern that forms in the refractory after thermal cycling, thereby reducing catalyst ingress or coke formation in the cracks.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x staged combustor for a TEOR steam generator includes a primary combustion chamber lined with an improved refractory lining. The refractory lining includes a first layer of low density ceramic fibrous thermal insulation as of 4" in thickness coated on its hot face with a protective coating of a durable tough material. The ceramic fibers of the insulative layer are oriented normal to the plane of the hot face. In one embodiment, a low density castable refractory thermally insulative layer is sandwiched between the shell of the combustion chamber and the first layer of fibrous insulation. In a second embodiment, a low density thermally insulative ceramic fibrous layer is sandwiched between the shell of the combustion chamber and the first layer of fibrous insulation. In the second embodiment, the ceramic fibrous layers are adhered to the shell by refractory hangers embedded in the fibrous insulation and resistance welded to the shell.

Abstract: An insulated refractory shield is provided to reduce heat loss through the exterior surface of the refractory shield while at the same time a cooling fluid is directed over the cast metallic refractory supports and hanger means through apertures in the hanger tube. Modular insulation units are provided and are retained between the exterior face of the refractory bricks and the hanger tube by means of specialized wedges and support clips.

Abstract: According to the invention a multi-layered furnace wall construction for industrial use is provided. The wall construction comprises an outermost iron shell layer, an innermost refractory fiber block layer and an intermediate layer interposed between the iron shell layer and the refractory fiber block layer. The refractory fiber block layer is secured to the intermediate layer by means of stud bolts and washers of ceramic material. The fibers constituting said refractory fiber block layer are oriented such that they extend in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface plane of the furnace wall.

Abstract: A refractory wall for a combustion chamber comprising a plurality of wall portions which include refractory blocks having generally horizontal, front-to-back passageways interspersed with a plurality of portions which include unperforated refractory blocks. Outwardly of each perforated block portion a heat-exchange section is located with the perforated block portion serving to retain heat-exchange elements in that section and to resist their considerable lateral thrust. At the same time the perforated portions are integrated with the non-perforated portions to form a continuous circular wall of superior strength and resistance to elevated temperatures as well as to chemical attack.

Abstract: A structural element for more rapidly erecting a tiled stove comprises a quadrangular tile and a quadrangular separate element associated to this tile. The tile has a tile leaf, at the inner side of which a tile body is disposed being unitary with the tile leaf. Two adjacent tiles confine a vertical groove, preferably having a dove-tail cross section, which groove is completely filled by a protrusion of the separate element, which protrusion protrudes from the outer side of a plate of the separate element which plate covers substantially the half of the inner surface of two adjacent tiles each.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air-cooled combustion chamber wall for combustion furnaces. The combustion chamber wall comprises at least one masonry wall with a space in the middle for the passage of cooling air along the side of the wall away from the combustion chamber side. To create a simple, stable and effective structure, the invention proposes that the masonry be made of bricks, whose walls enclose at least one air duct.

Abstract: A wear-resistant refractory lining anchor comprising a plurality of metal hollow elongated members each having a plurality of through holes, a plurality of projections, a plurality of recesses or a plurality of cut and raised portions, each of the plurality of metal hollow elongated members having one end welded to a casing. The plurality of metal hollow elongated members are disposed at predetermined intervals to support a refractory material filled inside and outside the plurality of metal hollow elongated members. This anchor has low material cost, can be easily mounted on a casing, and can stably support a refractory material filled inside and outside the metal hollow elongated members.

Abstract: A supporting structure for supporting the heat insulation elements of a steam generator of the type that is used in the primary circuit of nuclear power stations. The supporting structure utilizes hanging ties which are suspended from suspension pivots that are attached to the building which houses the steam generator. The hanging ties have the heat insulation elements attached thereto, and are integrated into the construction of the heat insulation elements. The steam generator consists of separate parts which are joined by weld seams that are subject to periodic inspection, and the heat insulation elements are made up of fixed parts which are suspended from the hanging ties and which form spaces therebetween for access to the weld seams, the spaces between the fixed insulating elements being sealed off by removable thermal insulating elements.

Abstract: A lightweight cover provides heat insulation for a heated vessel such as a soaking pit. The cover can be readily assembled in a manner providing for ease of repair plus simplicity of maintenance. The cover has a pair of opposing frame members with ceramic fiber insulation positioned therebetween. The insulation is secured in movable engagement such as a free-floating and swinging engagement. In this mode, compression can be exerted against the insulation to most desirably reduce heat loss otherwise caused by heat induced ceramic fiber shrinkage. Moreover, with this structure a ceramic fiber heat seal can be achieved around edges of the soaking pit.

Abstract: The invention concerns the internal structure of a high temperature furnace. That structure includes a dome made of refractory bricks that are capable of withstanding the high temperature within a coal gasification generator. The structure also includes a supporting brick wall under the dome. And, it includes an inner wall made of refractory bricks. The latter is inside of the supporting wall. The inner wall shields the supporting wall from the highest temperature while it is free to expand without being subject to any compressive load from the dome.

Abstract: A retainer assembly is disclosed for retaining insulation material or the like adjacent a surface, such as an interior furnace wall. The retainer assembly comprises a longitudinally-extending member or stud and a retainer member or washer mounted thereon. The stud includes at least one throat portion. The washer comprises a body from which two prongs extend to define a channel. The prongs are folded back so that as a throat portion of the stud passes therethrough, the folded-back portions are compressed. Upon passage of the throat portions through this zone of the channel, the compressed folded-back portions of the prongs are released from compression thereby retaining the stud within a second zone of the channel.

Abstract: The region between the outermost firing shaft and the outer wall of a chamber type furnace for baking carbon blocks, in particular anodes for the fused salt electrolytic production of aluminum, comprises essentially at least one layer each of firebricks as the wall of the outermost firing shaft, insulating refractory foamed bricks and moler stone or calcium silicate bricks at the outer wall of the furnace. The layer of insulating, refractory foamed bricks is fixed to the outer wall without room for play. Sealing elements on a projection of the outer wall extending over but at a distance from the insulating layers and on the outermost firing shaft interlock with one another.

Abstract: A pin for holding and/or cooling of a ceramic coating in hot reaction chambers has a pin shaft and a pin cap connected with one another in firm and heat-conductive manner, wherein the pin shaft is composed of material corresponding to the reaction conditions in the hot reaction chamber, and the pin cap is composed of a material corresponding to the material of the wall of the hot reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for fastening an insulation module to a furnace wall. A stud member is welded onto the furnace wall. A pilot tool is attached to the stud member. An insulation module is impaled over the pilot tool and stud member. A nut is inserted onto the pilot member and threadably engages the stud member to secure the insulation module to the surface.

Abstract: A modular, block-shaped insulating unit for use in an insulating system for the interior of a high-temperature furnace or the like. The module comprises a plurality of short, ropelike lengths formed of braided strands, assembled in side-by-side relation to form a bundle. The strands are formed of twisted, generally parallel ceramic fibers spun into cords and assembled or braided into a rope, which is then cut into generally equal lengths. The lengths are retained in a tightly compacted condition whereby the ends of the fibers define a front planar face of the module, with the fibers being aligned in a generally perpendicular orientation relative to the front planar face.

Abstract: A system for insulating the walls of furnaces and other heated structures with ceramic fiber insulation including an improved insulation anchor. The anchor includes a pin which is attached to the furnace wall such as by stud welding with the pin having an elongated aperture at its outer end. A retaining rod extends through the aperture and into the adjacent ceramic fiber modules. The rectangular shaped rod includes an improved means for locking the rod in the aperture which comprises a crimp at about the midpoint of the rod. This provides a narrow section of the rod which permits the rod to be turned in the aperture and locked. The crimp method of forming the narrow section does not remove any metal from the rod and does not weaken the rod.

Abstract: Radiation detectors measuring gamma radiation from radioactive accumulations in an incinerator through low density refractory windows therein for burning combustible, contaminated wastes from nuclear fuel manufacturing activities.

Abstract: A retainer assembly for securing a sheet-like material to a wall comprising an elongated stud having an inner end welded to the wall and extending outwardly therefrom so as to be perpendicular to the wall, the stud having a pointed outer end whereby the sheet-like material can be impaled thereon and positioned so as to be adjacent the wall, the stud being provided with a longitudinal slit extending from the outer pointed end to a location adjacent the inner end so as to form a pair of longitudinal fingers, the stud being bent adjacent the inner end whereby the fingers are laterally offset from each other, the fingers being provided with alternate outwardly extending teeth and recessed notches along the longitudinal sides of the fingers opposite from the slit, and a retainer plate provided with a central opening therein such that the pointed end of the stud can be inserted through the opening to permit the plate to be slidably received on the stud, the opening in the plate being approximately equal to the dist

Abstract: A pin for holding and/or cooling ceramic coating in hot reaction chambers is composed of a pin shaft and a pin cap which are connected with one another by a diffusion welding forming therebetween a homogeneous material connection possessing a high strength and high heat conductive properties.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber mat attached to the interior wall or surface of a high temperature chamber of furnace or adapted to overlie an intermediate insulating member positioned between the mat and a furnace wall, the fibers in the mat lying in planes generally perpendicular to the wall, the mat constituting an improved insulation for the wall where the interior of the chamber or furnace will be operating at temperatures in excess of 1600.degree. F.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lining for a furnace (1). The lining consists of pre-fabricated refractory ceramic anchoring elements (6, 7, 14), containing the fastening irons necessary for attaching the lining to the sheet mantle (5) and a refractory ceramic casting mass (8) between the anchoring elements for forming a monolithic lining. When relining the furnace the removal of the old lining is facilitated by first rupturing the anchoring elements.

Abstract: An insulation module, for the interior of furnaces and the like, in the form of layers of ceramic fiber blanket is provided with attachment structure which facilitates installation. The attachment structure permits ease of installation and provides a perceptible indication once the module is properly attached to the furnace wall.

Abstract: A lightweight cover provides heat insulation for a heated vessel such as a soaking pit. The cover can be readily assembled in a manner providing for ease of repair plus simplicity of maintenance. The cover has a pair of opposing frame members with ceramic fiber insulation positioned therebetween. The insulation is secured in movable engagement such as a draped and swinging engagement. In this mode, compression can be exerted against the insulation to most desirably reduce heat loss otherwise caused by heat induced ceramic fiber shrinkage. Moreover, with this structure a ceramic fiber heat seal can be achieved around edges of the soaking pit.

Abstract: A furnace lining in which insulation fibers are formed into mats which in turn are formed into prefabricated modules each of which is installed by forcing it into interlocking engagement with a matingly configured clip that has been previously secured to an interior surface of the furnace. Each insulation module includes a tray having a bottom portion including a plurality of openings capable of interlocking engagement with projections of a complementary clip. The tray further includes projections which secure rods that pass through the ceramic fiber insulation to secure it to the tray. A preferred tool for the installation of such a furnace lining is also described and the method of installation of such a lining.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heating device of assembled cast panel construction with flanges joined together and whose front, side, back and top walls and bottom grates define a combustion chamber. The angled side walls define an obtuse interior angle and the side and top walls define an obtuse interior angle. An embodiment of the heating device is a boiler incorporated by operatively connected expansion tank, holding tank and a coil of water tubes disposed in the combustion chamber's top area. Another embodiment of the heating device is a hot-air furnace incorporated by a plenum chamber, cold-air return and blower fan with such blower fan directing cold air from the cold-air return to and through the plenum chamber where it is heated. A still further embodiment combines the boiler and hot-air furnace with such heating device.

Abstract: An insulation module fabricated from ceramic fiber blanket material. The module includes a horizontal base of blanket material and body portion of blanket material secured to the top thereof. The body may be blanket material in a zigzag or Z-configuration with free ends seated against the base or a series of U-folds with the bight portions thereof being remote and directed from the base. Alternatively, the body can be blanket material wound into helix of an overall rectangular cross section and having its free edge seated against the base. The base can be formed of superposed blankets that are staggered or offset so as to make rabbet-like joints with corresponding parts of adjacent modules. The modules, which are generally of rectangular configuration, are provided with protective covers that protect them, retain them in a prestressed (laterally compressed trapezoidal) condition, and which facilitate installation.

Abstract: A multiple hearth furnace chamber where each arched or conical hearth is independently supported by the outer metal shell. An expansion joint below each hearth allows for vertical movement of the interior refractory wall panels without significant vertical movement of the hearths. The expansion joint comprises an insulating refractory material which absorbs the expansion of the inner refractory (firebrick) wall panels without significant permanent deformation.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for attaching refractory ceramic fiber modules to steel furnace shells. The method allows much flexibility in the application of the fiber modules to the furnace and results in a less expensive and more efficient installation than current installation methods allow. The method involves the use of metal brackets welded to the furnace wall and having a loop on the free end to receive pointed steel rods which impale the modules to secure the same to the furnace wall.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a fireplace comprising a stacked plurality of courses of modular prismatic blocks laid upon a base to define a firebox region of opposed side walls and a rear wall contiguous thereto. In one embodiment the blocks are characterized by at least one horizontal surface having external horizontal channel formations and by limited vertically extending end passages such that one or more vertically serpentine continuous air-flow ducts are established through successive horizontal channels in the stacked plurality of courses of the walls. Above the firebox region, and surrounding an associated chimney region, the wall-block courses continue, providing extension of the air-flow duct system into additional heat-exchanging relation with the chimney.

Abstract: Anchor organization for a layer of refractory material deposited on a refractory furnace lining. The organization includes a number of non-metallic refractory anchors disposed at spaced locations about the furnace lining surface. The anchors are provided with a particular configuration that includes a concave locking surface on each end providing a refractory-retention function. Each anchor has one end cemented into a hole in the lining and the other end immersed in the cementitious refractory material that is deposited on the surface of the furnace lining. A plunger tool is also disclosed for use in inserting the anchor and cement into a hole in the lining.

Abstract: Refractory fiber blankets are made suitable for use as baffles, curtains or partitions in furnaces and other high temperature equipment by reinforcement fabric woven from high temperature refractory fiber yarn. The curtains so formed are easily installed and replaced. The curtains exhibit insulation characteristics suitable for use at elevated (2200.degree. F. and above) temperatures and capabilities of resisting damage from impact by the furnace load or manipulators of such a load.

Abstract: A suspended nose construction for high temperature furnaces providing refractory replacement from the cold side of the refractory has a plurality of wedge-shaped refractories arranged to form a wedge row along the length of the nose adjacent, on at least one side, a plurality of rectangular-shaped refractories arranged to form a straight row along the length of the nose. The converging sides of the wedge-shaped refractories converge toward the cold side of the refractory. Both the wedge refractories and the rectangular refractories are suspended in pairs by suspension means from an exterior support structure, the suspension means and support structure providing space allowing removal of the refractories in pairs from the cold side of the nose construction. The suspended nose construction according to this invention provides for removal and replacement of a small number of refractories in the nose without disturbing the major portion of the nose construction.

Abstract: A lining for a furnace chamber which is at least approximately round in cross-section is divided into at least two layers in a radial direction and into at least two portions in an axial direction. A gas seal is disposed between the lining portions, the gas seal being in the form of a foil as of metal and being divided in a radial direction into at least two portions releasably connected together in such a manner as to permit the inner portion to be removed in an axial direction. The gas seal can therefore be composed of individual seal portions, in a radial direction, and can be fitted separately.

Abstract: A powered downdraft type combustion unit which substantially completely gasifies the fuel burned therein during the combustion process and produces a maximum amount of usable heat for utilization at a location remote from the combustion unit is provided. The present combustion unit includes a heavily insulated outer shroud enclosing insulated sequential combustion chambers to prevent heat loss from the combustion chambers. A primary combustion chamber is separated from a secondary combustion chamber by a plurality of refractory grates. Fuel is fed to the primary combustion chamber to be combusted therein, and the products of this stage of combustion then pass to the secondary combustion chamber where the combustion process is completed. The heat-containing combustion gases are directed from the secondary combustion chamber to a heat utilizing appliance through a conduit connected therebetween.

Abstract: A blast heating apparatus includes an inner metal shell and an outer metal shell defining therebetween a gap filled with at least one pourable dry material, for example a mixture of SiC and graphite. To prevent excess pressure in the gap and to prevent condensate from entering the gap and attacking the outer shell, a piping system connects the gap to an area below the grate chamber of the blast heating apparatus.

Abstract: The inner wall of a combustion chamber is composed of a plurality of ceramic plates which are suspended from the outer wall of the chamber by being hooked over mounting portions of the outer wall; this eliminates the need for screws, bolts, welds or the like and facilitates mounting and dismounting of the plates. The plates define with the outer wall a clearance into which cold air is admitted; the upper and lower edges of adjacent plates define with one another respective air gaps communicating with this clearance so that air streams enter the combustion space through these gaps. These air streams prevent the deposition of ash and other contaminants on the inner surfaces of the plates.

Abstract: Refractory ceramic fiber blanket modules with a continuous strip of ceramic fiber material folded into a number of layers in a serpentine fashion are used to insulate high temperature equipment. The blanket is supported by support structure which penetrates the blanket in the vicinity of folds near the furnace wall, providing increased strength against tearing away of the blanket from the supports.

Abstract: This invention relates to a boiler installation for the combustion of solid fuels, for example forest waste material in the form of e.g. bark and/or chips, peat pellets, coal etc., which installation comprises a furnace located in connection to a heat medium portion and a grate located in the furnace. The grate feeds fuel from a fuel charge opening through the furnace while the fuel is being combusted, from which furnace the flue gases flow to the heat medium portion and continue to a chimney. The installation also includes at least one intake for controlled supply of combustion air in the form of at least primary and secondary combustion air.

Abstract: A method of forming an insulation module for insulating the walls of a furnace, the method including forming holes at spaced intervals in a cold face of a mat of ceramic insulation material, applying a liquid adhesive to the cold face, vibrating the adhesive to cause the adhesive to penetrate into the holes of the mat, and providing a backing panel on the cold face.