Abstract: A method of forming an insulation module for insulating the walls of a furnace, the method including forming holes at spaced intervals in a cold face of a mat of ceramic insulation material, applying a liquid adhesive to the cold face, vibrating the adhesive to cause the adhesive to penetrate into the holes of the mat, and providing a backing panel on the cold face.

Abstract: A ceramic fiber modular assembly for lining walls of furnaces is disclosed. The modular assembly comprises stacked strips of ceramic fibers and a refractory steel anchoring system. The anchoring system comprises two platelike lateral member which protrude parallel to the ceramic fiber strips with teeth projecting from both sides by the lateral members. One of the lateral member is rigidly fixed to a platelike central member and the other admits of translation relative thereto. An aperture in the central member permits securement to the wall of the furnace. During manufacture the modular assembly is partially wrapped in packaging material tied with straps, applying compression to the fibers. The packaging material is removed prior to installation of the modular assembly. When installed tight fitting contiguous modular assemblies exert compression on the fibers.

Abstract: Heater apparatus is disclosed having a metal firebox in which fuel is burned and an outer ceramic enclosure having ceramic mass walls which absorb excess heat when the heater produces more heat than is required and distributes the heat gradually by radiation after the heater output becomes less than the heat stored in the ceramic mass. The ceramic mass walls are spaced from the metal firebox walls to provide air passages through which air may be circulated by means of a blower so that rapid heating may be had of the interior space when the firebox is initially fired by transferring the heat radiated from the metal walls directly into the room by forced convection. After the interior space is heated to a desired temperature, the blower may be cut off and the room may be heated more slowly at a more even temperature by radiation from the ceramic mass.

Abstract: An incinerator with a main combustion chamber leading directly to two consecutive reburn stages. The main combustion chamber accepts bulk refuse onto a hearth floor. Air jets within the floor and near the roofline provide a generally stoichiometric amount of air for the burning refuse. Of this air, 75% emanates from the nozzles located in the floor. For the designed amount of refuse, the main chamber has a sufficient area to maintain the ratio for the expected heat to the square area to less than about 100,000 Btu/sq.ft. hr. Similarly, the ratio of the main chamber's volume is less than about 12,000 Btu/cu.ft. hr. The combustion gases pass from the main chamber into a first reburn stage. The throat between the two sections introduces the gas into the latter at an angle of about 60.degree. relative to the direction of travel in the reburn section.

Abstract: A wall arrangement for a shell type chamber in which the wall is provided with gaps between them enabling expansion when the temperature of the chamber is increasing. The particular arrangement further provides means for preventing inert material packing said gaps which would prevent expansion of the walls. The means for preventing the insert material packing the gaps comprises gas injector means arranged to force gas into the gap.

Abstract: The block or brick is adapted to ensure an easy construction of a two-shell tile stove without requiring any particular skill in the art. A longitudinal center rib projects from two faces of the block adapted to contact adjacent blocks, longitudinal center grooves arranged on the two opposite faces correspond to said longitudinal rib. At least one first lateral groove whose depth and breadth corresponds to the depth and breadth of said longitudinal groove is arranged on a first side face, the marginal distances of said longitudinal groove and of said lateral groove being equal. A number of first lateral grooves whose center distance corresponds to the wall thickness of the block and second lateral grooves intersecting said first lateral grooves at a right angle are preferably provided on said first side face, said second lateral grooves being arranged and shaped like said first lateral grooves. The second side face is closed and planar, i.e. free from discontinuities.

Abstract: A tie back assembly for holding in place loose bricks forming an interior furnace wall is disclosed comprising a hold back plate, an adjustable stud holder assembly attachable at one end to the plate and extending through the furnace wall, and a locking means positioned outside the furnace for securely fixing the plate against the loose bricks.

Abstract: A waste material treatment furnace includes a furnace chamber having an interior surface formed by a flexible sheet of an insulating fabric to minimize heat-up and cool-down time and to facilitate interior surface repair. The treatment furnace additionally includes an exhaust gas treatment facility for neutralizing and/or removing undesirable elements from an exhaust gas stream. The treatment facility includes a chamber having inlet and outlet openings, a conduit therebetween defined by wall members permeable to the passage of exhaust gas therethrough. A supply of a selected reactive material is provided in a compartment formed about the periphery of the permeable wall members, and means are provided to move the exhaust gas from within the conduit through the permeable wall members thereof into the selected reactive material within the compartment.

Abstract: An internal partitioning wall for a blast furnace stove in which a layer of insulating material is interposed between two layers of refractory material. Buttressing means such as integral, refractory ledges are provided at periodic vertical intervals from one layer of refractory material to the other. These refractory ledges protect the insulating layer from damage due to radially directed compressive forces found to exist in this wall and also reduce deterioration of this insulation due to sagging and vertical compression.

Abstract: A ceramic combustion chamber having air inlet ports and a double wall formation in the region of each inlet port. The two walls of the formation have a cavity between them which communicates with the inlet port. The double wall formation may be formed by an annular slot in the wall of the part. Alternatively, the double wall formation may be formed by two nested but spaced apart shells joined together at one end of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber may be made by compressing ceramic powder in two steps to create a compact having an internal lost core or cores which are burned out, after which the ports are formed. Alternatively, the combustion chamber may be made by die casting ceramic powder around cores having the shape of the desired air inlet ports, after which the cores are burned out.

Abstract: A thermal-insulating panel for use in an electric furnace. A refractory fiber mat is formed of discrete refractory fibers bonded together by an inorganic bonding agent having a hot face, a cold face and a plurality of side faces. A plurality of individual ceramic supports are partially embedded in said mat and protrude outward from the hot face. The embedded portions are shaped so as to be firmly anchored within the mat, and the protruding portions are shaped to support an electrical resistance heating ribbon in the interior of the furnace.The modules are preferably formed in a felting box where the ceramic supports extend horizontally from cavities in the front wall. The layers of fibers build up upon the bottom screen in planes perpendicular to the hot face of the module.

Abstract: A forge furnace chamber has rear, side and top walls each defined by an expanded sheet metal member and U-shaped mats of ceramic fiber insulating material supported thereon. First ones of the U-shaped mats have the closed ends thereof abutting the corresponding expanded sheet metal member with the legs of each mat extending inwardly of the chamber, and second ones of the mats have their closed ends facing inwardly of the chamber with the legs of each mat receiving the adjacent legs of an adjacent pair of the first mats therebetween, whereby the closed ends of the second mats extend across the inner ends of the adjacent legs of the first mats. The interleaved mats of insulating material are supported on the corresponding expanded sheet metal member by metal rods extending between the legs of the first mats adjacent the closed ends thereof and wire ties fastening the rods to the expanded sheet metal member.

Abstract: A coke oven battery has a continuous roof and uprights at each of the pusher and coke sides. The uprights are connected by ties extending through pipes embedded in the roof. To provide cooling for the ties, a massive metal cooling member extends upwardly from each pipe to the upper side of the roof, to conduct heat away from the pipe. The cooling member may contain a chamber forming an evaporation cooling system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a structure for insulating high temperature devices such as furnaces. The insulating structure comprises a shell enclosing a series of refractory, substantially parallel, spaced-apart sheets, one or more of which may be reflective. The insulating structure stores little heat, is compact, and is lighter than refractory brick.

Abstract: When coating the inner surfaces of a furnace with strips of refractory mineral material or synthetic material such as felt, one often uses anchors which are welded to the shell of the furnace, which anchors are provided with recesses such that little plates can be secured to the anchor after having made a quarter of a revolution. These anchors represent energy loss and it is a time consuming job to weld all those anchors. This is eliminated by using metal strips with recesses which are punched out to at least one side. One can make now felt packages and some strips are provided with slots so that they can simply be attached to the furnace frame. If the side walls are coated by vertical packages, there also is no sag under the influence of their own weight.

Abstract: Refractory ceramic fiber blanket modules with a continuous strip of ceramic fiber material folded into a number of layers in a serpentine fashion are used to insulate high temperature equipment. The blanket is supported by support structure which penetrates the blanket in the vicinity of folds near the furnace wall, providing increased strength against tearing away of the blanket from the supports.

Abstract: A high temperature insulation module having a ceramic fiber mat defining a hot face, another ceramic fiber mat defining a cold face and a support member positioned intermediate the mats and generally at a location where during operation of the furnace, the temperature of the support member exceeds that at which corrosive gases can condense to form liquid corrosives which would otherwise act upon the support member is disclosed. The ceramic fiber mats may be comprised of resilient material, and the support member is relatively rigid with respect to the mats. In addition, a fastener may be carried by the module and actuated by introducing a tool through the hot face of the module, or a fastener may be introduced into the module and actuated through the hot face at the time of installation. Cement is preferably used to affix the support member to the fiber mats.

Abstract: Reheat furnaces for steel mills are constructed using resilient supporting mechanisms for restraining and supporting the binder structure within a rigid steel frame. This construction enables the furnace to be rebricked without affecting other furnaces in the battery and also allows the refractory lined wall to distort without disturbing the rigid frame.

Abstract: The invention relates to the insulating of furnace walls with a double layer of insulating modules of the type having refractory fibers disposed end on to the oven wall when disposed in place. The modules are first compressed and held that way with easily combustible material and the compression released during the firing of the furnace to destroy the wrapping material. The first layer is preferably non-aligned with the second layer to limit the loss of insulation due to aligned seams.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing the lining of a crucible furnace comprises a tubular support which can be introduced into the furnace substantially in the axial direction of the latter. A power-driven tool, for example a pneumatically operated chisel, is movable along the tubular support in engagement with the lining to be removed. Drive means operable from outside the furnace is provided for moving the tool along the tubular support. A suction means is connected to the tubular support for the purpose of extracting, through the tubular support, dust and lining fragments produced during the operation of removing the lining.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for securing a two component lining to the inside shell of a rotary kiln or the like. The apparatus includes a plurality of standoffs each having a bottom portion for connection to the inside shell of the kiln, a middle portion, and a top portion. A grid is connected to each of the top portions by means of a weld. A layer of a lightweight first castable material having high insulative properties is gunned or cast along the inside shell of the kiln to a depth less than the height of the standoffs. A second castable material having abrasion resistive properties is gunned or cast onto the surface of the first castable material at a depth substantially level with the surface of the grid. The standoffs serve as an anchor to secure the two layers of castible material into position . The grid connected to the top portion of the standoffs is preferably a honeycomb grid which aids the second castable material in protecting the first castable material from damage due to abrasion.

Abstract: A method of lining an interior surface of a furnace with roll-type insulation by attaching a plurality of hooks onto the interior surface to be lined, folding back portions of the roll-type insulation on themselves to create folds in the roll-type insulation, and pressing the folds onto the hooks to thereby attach the roll-type insulation to the interior surface. Each of the plurality of hooks includes a hook member for passage through portions of the roll-type insulation. Each hook member is fixedly attached to the interior surface of the furnace either by being welded directly thereto when the interior surface of the furnace is metal or by being fixedly attached to a plate member which is in turn bolted, riveted, or otherwise fixedly attached to the interior surface of the furnace. The hook member includes a leg portion having a pointed first end for passage through the roll-type insulation and having a second end.

Abstract: A refractive block of ceramic material as a burner block or the like for furnace walls, is provided with a surrounding rib with recesses. A frame of suitably rigid and refractive angle bars encompasses the block and receives bolts extending transversely through the recesses and into or through the furnace wall. The bolts are anchored in both the frame and furnace wall and bear against the block inner face for securing the block in position, avoiding the danger of spawling or breaking out the block.

Abstract: An insulated furnace, method of manufacture and purging operation which includes a plurality of interconnected modular panels of fibrous material forming a furnace chamber, a heat source for the furnace chamber and a furnace shell surrounding the fibrous material panels so as to form a space between the shell and the fibrous material panels and to provide a thermal break of greater than 10.degree. F. such that the furnace can be rapidly heated and water vapor and air can be rapidly purged from the furnace. An insulation panel is formed of at least one block of fibrous material in a molded form which includes mixed fibers and a frame member to which the at least one block of material is secured.

Abstract: An oven in whose wall heat insulating material is used in the form of panels consisting of highly refractory, ceramic fibre material pressed against one another, said strips being fastened with the aid of a refractory adhesive material at right angles to a refractory base plate, said strips being provided with reinforcements whereby the reinforcement is formed by tubes of highly refractory, ceramic material arranged in channels formed by registering holes in consecutive strips.

Abstract: A stockline armor construction for blast furnaces in which the armor plates are anchored positively to the inside face of the furnace shell. The anchoring means includes brackets fixed to the shell to be engaged by tongues on the plates. The tongues have tabs which abut the shell to support the plates even through the refractory lining of the furnace is eroded away completely.

Abstract: A light-weight thick-walled unitary burner block adapted to embrace a burner installed in the wall of a high temperature furnace. The block is formed of spun refractory fibers accreted by vacuum deposition from an aqueous slurry.

Abstract: An industrial oven for heating products therein of the type having four insulated side walls, an insulated top, and also a bottom which together define an interior heating chamber. Each of the walls has an inner skin and an outer skin spaced apart from one another, and further has insulation material between those skins. A structural steel framework supports and is located between the skins, and the inner skin is of a generally vertically corrugated sheet metal. Means are provided between the skins for holding the insulation material against the inner skin and spaced from the outer skin to thereby provide an air space between the insulating material and the interior surface of the outer skin.

Abstract: The specification describes a wall arrangement for heated chambers in which arrangement the walls are provided with gaps between sections of them enabling expansion of the walls when the temperature of the chamber is increasing. The particular arrangement further provides means for preventing inert material packing said gaps so as to prevent expansion of the walls. The invention is of particular use with wall arrangements housing fluidized beds in which the inert particulate material forming the bed may enter the gap between the wall sections. As described the means for preventing the inert material packing the gaps comprises gas injector means arranged to force gas into each gap and thereby keep any inert particulate material that may enter the gap in a fluidized state.

Abstract: A burner-stack-furnace system comprising a stack of selected diameter and height, which is supported on a circular base ring, which is, itself, supported on a plurality of circularly positioned upright columns. The columns are supported on grade and are spaced equally circumferentially. The furnace or combustion section of the system is of the same diameter as the stack, and has a plurality of re-entrant vertical channels in its outer wall, spaced to surround each of the columns, with a selected air space between them. The combustion section thus hangs partly within the circle of the columns or piers, and partly between the piers. A shallow excavation is made below grade within and between the columns, and the combustion section extends downwardly into the excavation, which is deep enough that the bottom edge of the wall is above the base of the excavation. The combustion section is open on the bottom, but is filled with a porous fill of heat-resisting material, to a selected level.

Abstract: High temperature enclosures such as furnaces have a lining of refractory/insulating modules arranged in side to side relation after the manner of bricks and secured to metal supporting structure by means of fastening members which are disposed between adjoining modules, have laterally and oppositely directed projections which penetrate the facing sides of such modules, and a foot which is secured to the structure. A packing strip of a ceramic fibre material is arranged under compression between adjoining modules. Each module has the form of a hollow box and consists of a block moulded in one piece from ceramic fibre with a front wall, the front face of which constitutes the hot face of the module, and side walls. The module may include a block of insulating material which is secured on the back of the ceramic fibre block and the enclosed cavity may contain further insulating material.

Abstract: A wear-resistant, thermal protective, annular liner for a rotary kiln and an attendant method of making the same. The liner includes a series of elongate, axially aligned, annular composite liner sections, each of which comprises a layer of lightweight insulation material formed by side-by-side longitudinal rows of thermal insulating blocks positioned against the interior surface of the metal cylindrical wall of the kiln, with anchor brackets secured to the kiln wall and extending through respective openings in the insulating blocks and embedded in a relatively thicker and heavier layer of refractory material overlying the layer of insulation material, and wherein column portions of the refractory material project inwardly from the layer of refractory material and through the openings in the insulating blocks and in surrounding relation to the inner portions of the anchor brackets for supporting the layer of refractory material and preventing crushing the insulation material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for lining the inner walls of industrial furnaces with a plurality of insulating blocks, each block comprising an insulating mat which is folded in corrugated manner and possibly stitched in this shape, the insulating mats being made of highly heat-resistant material, especially ceramic fibrous material, with carrying elements arranged on the outside of the corrugations, the carrying elements being equipped on the outside of the insulating blocks with fixing means to allow each individual insulating block to be fixed to the furnace wall.

Abstract: Hanger and expansion plate structure for use with refractory brick employed in electric furnace roofs is disclosed which is designed for accommodating the variable, heat-induced expansion of such furnace bricks. The structure includes respective metallic plates having transverse, brick-engaging ribs with channels therebetween; the width of the ribs is greatest adjacent the hot face of the bricks so that the plates collapse or yield at the hot face under lateral brick expansion while remaining substantially intact adjacent the cold brick face. Thus, the variable expansion of the brick is accommodated without sacrifice of the overall integrity of the roof construction. Certain of the plates have oblique flanges which are received within complemental recesses in the bricks for supporting the latter.

Abstract: A high-pressure furnace having a pressure chamber which includes an insulating mantle which encloses the furnace space, the insulating mantle itself including an inner tube which has at least one layer of felt-like, fibrous insulating material mounted on the side which faces the furnace space.

Abstract: Bottom blown metallurgical vessels using oxygen having a brick assembly which is secured together by metal anchors.

Abstract: A device for sealing the cambers of coke ovens adjacent the roof of the oven and above an oven door frame which is located at the transition between fireclay brickwork and silica brickwork each of which has joints between the courses thereof is located between anchor plates which support each side of the door frame. The door frame includes a vertical back portion which intersects a horizontal top portion. During the formation of the brick a cast iron bridge is positioned so that a vertical part is arranged directly behind the door and is advantageously sealed to the rear base of the door frame by a gasket or asbestos cord. The anchor plate carries an upper horizontal portion which is disposed beneath the fireclay brick at the transition between the fireclay and the silica brickwork and supports the fireclay brick. In addition, another horizontally extending part of the cast iron bridge is positioned into the silica brickwork between adjacent courses located near the top of such brickwork.

Abstract: A side for a furnace used in the manufacture of silicon carbide from silicon dioxide and carbon comprises a plurality of gates which are removably affixed to the furnace or plant floor. Each gate has a base portion intended to be supported by a plant floor and a plurality of upstanding supports. Affixed to each of the upstanding supports are a series of vanes which vanes are sloped downwardly and inwardly toward the center line of the furnace. The width, configuration and vertical spacing between vertically adjacent vanes are all chosen such that the silica sand and carbon mixture cannot flow outwardly through the side of the furnace under the effects of gravity while at the same time gases produced during the reaction may flow readily outwardly through the furnace sides.

Abstract: A refractory brickwork wall having an opening therethrough has incorporated therein, at a position above the opening, a relief brickwork configuration in the form of a gable or roof. The relief brickwork includes a plurality of relief bricks each having an upper inclined surface, a lower inclined surface and a lower, generally horizontal step surface. The relief bricks are arranged one above the other in an inclined formation with the lower inclined surface of the upper relief brick of each pair of adjacent relief bricks resting on the upper inclined surface of the lower relief brick of such pair of adjacent relief bricks, and with the upper relief brick of each pair of adjacent relief bricks being partially offset in a horizontal direction from the lower relief brick of such pair of adjacent relief bricks.

Abstract: A blast furnace cooling arrangemenet comprises a cooling screen which is disposed in an annular space between a furnace shell and its lining, and which is formed by vertically arranged rows of plates provided with main and additional internal ducts having common inlets and common outlets. Mounted above the cooling screen are drum separators which communicate through supply pipelines and take-off pipelines with the common inlets and outlets of the main and additional ducts of the plates of each vertical row, the above elements forming closed circuits of natural circulation of a cooling medium. Connected at the common inlets and outlets of the additional ducts of the vertical rows of the plates are circuits of forced circulation of a cooling medium.

Abstract: An industrial furnace with insulating walls and roof comprising side-by-side pre-formed panels each including a plurality of ceramic insulating modules. The roof modules are suspended by a structure comprising a support grid embedded in situ in the ceramic module. The grid includes four holding rods each parallel to the corresponding side of the module. Hanger rods are attached to the grid at the corners thereof, and extend out from the module to pass through holes in the furnace roof member where the rods are secured in place by nuts. The module may also carry electric heating coil embedded in situ in the ceramic material adjacent the surface thereof facing the furnace interior.

Abstract: An industrial furnace with insulating walls comprising side-by-side pre-formed panels each including a plurality of ceramic insulating modules. The side wall panels include vertical buckstays to which the modules are secured by retainer clips including sharp spikes inserted into side edge surfaces of the insulating modules. Modules with offset stepped side profiles are disclosed, arranged to provide for ready removal of a single module without disturbing adjacent modules. Atmosphere furnace insulation arrangements also are disclosed utilizing ceramic modules secured to the furnace shell by special retainer clips embedded in side edge surfaces of the modules.

Abstract: A furnace cooling wall construction including a cooling plate built into the wall disposed transversely with one or more heat pipes enclosed in the plate and extending between a cooling chamber in the plate and adjacent the inner end of the plate with cooling water circulated to the chamber for circulation by the heat pipe.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a distinctive construction and method of operating a furnace or oven for controlled atmosphere service whereby substantial savings in heating power or energy are realized. The furnace or oven includes a combination of refractory and insulating materials arranged in a given sequence with respect to their relative gas permeabilities, and at least two gases of discernably different weights are strategically supplied to the furnace or oven at particular locations therein.

Abstract: A tube wall for forming the heating chamber of an electric steel-smelting furnace is comprised of a plurality of generally parallel tubes each closely juxtaposed with at least one adjacent tube of the plurality and forming therewith an outer groove open away from the chamber and an inner groove open toward the chamber. Welds extend the full length of and substantially fill at least the bases of the outer grooves and each form a gas-tight connection between the respective tubes. In addition tubular transverse reinforcing members are welded to the outside of the wall formed with these tubes, and a coolant is circulated through the reinforcing members through the tubes. Finally lining anchors in the form of hooks have inner ends conforming to the space between adjacent tubes and engage between these tubes to the weld securing them together. The wall is therefore formed simply by the tubes and the welds, and no further gas-tight wall need be provided.

Abstract: Material to be used as a furnace lining, comprising a block of ceramic fibers in a desired shape said surface having been fused with a flame at a temperature higher than any temperature to which it is intended that the material will be subjected when in use.

Abstract: Furnace cooling apparatus is provided including iron staves on the inside of a steel shell, outer portions of the staves being hollow to define reservoirs filled with water. Heat pipes are mounted in bores in inner solid portions of each stave and extend from inner ends in the reservoir to outer ends spaced a short distance from the inner surface of the stave. The inner surface of a stave has alternating surfaces and recesses and heat pipes aligned therewith have corresponding long and short lengths.

Abstract: A method of a ceramic fibre lining to a furnace comprises forming strips of fibre by making transverse cuts through a ceramic fibre blanket in which the axes of the fibres are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blanket, said cuts being made at an acute angle to the major faces of the blanket, and arranging the strips on the furnace wall to be lined with a thus cut face against the said wall. The invention provides also furnaces lined according to said method and prefabricated lining modules having a backing and a lining made according to said method.

Abstract: A furnace lining is composed of a plurality of layers of fiber insulation. The innermost layer is formed by stacking flat, elastically-compressible fibrous strips. The stacked strips are compressed and held down in compressed condition by a plurality of anchor members secured to and projecting perpendicularly from the furace wall and extending between selected strips of said innermost layer. The elastic compression applied to the strips creates a frictional grip between the strips and the anchor members, which maintains the lining in a stable mounted position. The lining may also include an intermediate layer between the innermost layer and the furnace wall, this intermediate layer being also formed of superimposed, strips stacked flat upon one another, with the intermediate layer frictionally anchored to the outermost layer.

Abstract: A water cooled panel particularly useful in an electric furnace for UHP operation, a base plate, and multiple fins, multiple steel channels, each having a specific dimensional relationship to the others.