Abstract: A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.

Abstract: Methods of producing solid CO2 sequestering carbonate materials are provided. Aspects of the methods include introducing a divalent cation source into a flowing aqueous liquid (e.g., a bicarbonate rich product containing liquid) under conditions sufficient such that a non-slurry solid phase CO2 sequestering carbonate material is produced. Also provided are systems configured for carrying out the methods.

Abstract: A boiler performs mixed-fuel combustion of a sulfur-containing fuel and ammonia as a fuel, and includes a furnace having a plurality of wall parts, a burner installed on at least one of the wall parts of the furnace, and an ammonia injection port that is configured to cause the ammonia to be burned as the fuel to flow along an inner wall surface of the wall part where the burner is not installed.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to systems and methods for fluidization in industrial hygiene applications. The method includes collecting air samples of contaminants onto the surface of fluidized activated carbon particulate as opposed to fixed-bed particulate. The adsorbates include toluene (a cyclic compound) and n-hexane (an open-chain compound). The obtained results are analyzed and discussed in terms of breakthrough times. The input parameters are the initial concentration of toluene or n-hexane in the air feed stream and the amount of the sorbent used. The feed flow rate is at 2 liters/min, and the temperature and humidity are kept constant at their prevailing laboratory conditions, i.e., 22±2° C. and 34±2% RH, respectively.

Abstract: Chromium particulate emissions in flue gas can be reduced or minimized by incorporating a thin layer bed of a catalyst within the flue gas flow path of a furnace, boiler, or other furnace environment that includes Cr-containing surfaces. The thin layer bed of catalyst can correspond to, for example, a honeycomb monolith with catalyst supported on the monolith surface, so as to provide a high contact area while forcing all of the flue gas to pass through the catalyst bed. The honeycomb monolith structure and the depth of the bed can be selected to provide a reduced or minimized pressure drop across the catalyst bed, such as a pressure drop of 0.25 kPa (1.0 inches of water) or less. Exposing the Cr-containing flue gas to the thin layer catalyst bed can result in a treated flue gas with a lower content of Cr.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for capturing CO2 in a form that can be stored, processed, and/or converted to usable products is desirable. Systems capture CO2 using small scale, individual devices at a vast number of locations which, in the aggregate, are capable of significantly decreasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere on a global scale. When such small devices are placed in areas already occupied with a structure, i.e., office buildings, apartments, homes, automobiles and the like, though the amount of CO2 removal by each individual device may be relatively small, in the aggregate, significant amounts of CO2 may be removed at a more macro or even global scale.

Abstract: Black powder flowing with hydrocarbons in a hydrocarbon pipeline is converted into a magnetorheological slurry by implementing wet scrubbing in the hydrocarbon pipeline. A flow of the magnetorheological slurry through the hydrocarbon pipeline is controlled.

Abstract: Methods and compositions useful, for example, for physical solvent carbon capture. The solvents may include an aqueous mixture of 2-amino-2-methylproponol, 2-piperazine-1-ethylamine, diethylenetriamine, 2-methylamino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and potassium carbonate or potassium carbonate buffer salt. The solvent may also contain less than about 75% by weight of dissolving medium (i.e., water) and may have a single liquid phase. The solvents and methods have favourable regeneration energies, chemical stability, vapour pressure, total heat consumption, net cyclic capacity, and reaction kinetics.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for cleaning a boiler, wherein, while fumes are emitted in a combustion chamber of the boiler and circulate up to exchangers of the boiler, an aqueous solution of dissolved magnesium chloride and/or sulfate and/or dissolved calcium chloride is injected into the combustion chamber in the form of droplets which, by vaporization of the water of the aqueous solution, then thermal decomposition, are transformed in the combustion chamber into magnesium and/or calcium oxide particles reacting in the combustion chamber by mixing with molten salts and/or molten oxides, present in the fumes, to crystallize these molten salts and/or to vitrify these molten oxides before these molten salts and/or these molten oxides come into contact with the exchangers. Also disclosed is a device for implementing this process and a boiler equipped with this device.

Abstract: Provided is a glass product manufacturing apparatus. The glass product manufacturing apparatus includes a furnace including a gas heating zone and an electric heating zone, a first heat exchange module configured to recover heat from the furnace, and a pump configured to drive flow of a heat transfer medium fluid passing through the first heat exchange module, wherein at least a part of the first heat exchange module is thermally coupled with at least a part of an external surface of the electric heating zone. The glass product manufacturing apparatus may reduce defect rate while exhibiting high energy efficiency.

Abstract: A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.

Abstract: Systems and methods for concentration of a sorbate in a feedstream and subsequent adsorption utilizing a Type V adsorbent are provided.

Abstract: Sorbent compositions containing calcium and iodine are added to coal to mitigate the release of mercury and/or other harmful elements into the environment during combustion of coal containing natural levels of mercury.

Abstract: A method of evaporation comprises cooling a prime mover using a coolant. The cooling comprising pumping the coolant from the prime mover through a heat exchanger and back to the prime mover in a cooling circuit. A process fluid is circulated in an evaporator loop comprising the heat exchanger and a flash tank, the process fluid being circulated from the flash tank, through the heat exchanger and to a flash nozzle positioned in the flash tank. A pressure of the process fluid is reduced across the flash nozzle from a first pressure upstream of the flash nozzle to a second pressure in the flash tank, wherein heat from the coolant provides sufficient thermal energy to the process fluid in the heat exchanger so that a percentage of the process fluid changes phase from liquid to steam when the pressure of the process fluid is reduced across the flash nozzle. Steam is ejected from the flash tank to separate the steam from the process fluid.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment can be an exemplary method, which can include, for example, generating a cool flame(s) using a plasma-assisted combustion, and maintaining the cool flame(s). The cool flame(s) can have a temperature below about 1050 Kelvin, which can be about 700 Kelvin. The cool flame(s) can be further generated using a heated counterflow burning arrangement and a an ozone generating arrangement. The heated counterflow burning arrangement can include a liquid fuel vaporization arrangement. The ozone generating arrangement can include a micro plasma dielectric barrier discharge arrangement. The plasma-assisted combustion can be generated using (i) liquid n-heptane, (i) heated nitrogen, and (iii) ozone.

Abstract: A denitrator removes nitrogen oxide in a flue gas generated from a combustion furnace by injecting a reducing agent into the flue gas. The denitrator includes a housing disposed above the combustion furnace. The housing includes a discharge port for the flue gas at one end of the housing. A cross-sectional area of flow of the flue gas gradually increases toward the discharge port. The housing gathers and guides the flue gas to the discharge port. The denitrator injects the reducing agent in another end of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to activated carbon sorbents including nitrogen. In various embodiments, the present invention provides an activated carbon sorbent including a halogen- or halide-promoted activated carbon, the activated carbon sorbent particles including nitrogen in a surface layer of the sorbent particles. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of reducing the pollutant content in a pollutant-containing gas using the activated carbon sorbent. In various embodiments, the activated carbon sorbent can remove mercury from a mercury-containing gas that includes sulfur(VI) such as SO3 more efficiently than other sorbents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the formation of dioxin-like compounds in solid waste incineration flue gases, belonging to the field of cleaning of solid waste incineration flue gases. In accordance with the present invention, when incineration flue gases cool down to 500˜450° C., the flue gases are introduced into an inhibition reactor where copper chlorides in flue gas particulates mix and react with inhibitors to convert into copper metaphosphate so as to inactivate the copper chlorides which can catalyze the formation of dioxin-like compounds and control dioxin-like compound pollutants in incineration flue gases at the source. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively control the main formation ways of dioxin-like compounds in solid waste incineration flue gases by optimizing inhibitors and reaction conditions.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a burner, comprising a fuel pipe, a fuel nozzle, at least one ignition and/or heat source and a pipe which conducts an oxygen-containing gas and/or recirculated flue gas, wherein the at least one ignition and/or heat source is arranged in the burner interior and is in the form of or comprises an electric heating and/or ignition device via which, exclusively by conversion of electrical current into heat energy, the amount of heat energy required within the burner for the initiation and continuation of the initial pyrolysis and ignition is generated and/or provided in the burner interior. A stabilizing ring with toothed ring may be a constituent part of the electric heating and/or ignition device arranged in the mouth region of the fuel nozzle.

Abstract: A counter-current catalyst regenerator with at least two stages of counter-current contact along with a regenerator riser is proposed. Each stage may comprise a permeable barrier that allows upward passage of oxygen-containing gas and downward passage of coked catalyst into each stage, but inhibits upward movement of catalyst to mitigate back mixing and approximate true counter-current contact and efficient combustion of coke from catalyst. The regenerator riser may provide a passage to transport the catalyst and may serve as a secondary stage for coke combustion to provide the regenerated catalyst.

Abstract: A system includes the HRSG having an economizer disposed along a fluid flow path, and a drum disposed along the fluid flow path downstream of the economizer. The HRSG also includes a drum level control module configured to modulate an amount of the fluid provided to the drum along the fluid flow path and a supplemental control module configured to control an amount of the fluid in a different manner than the drum level control module. The heat recovery steam generator also includes a drum level event controller configured to monitor a rate of change of a level of the fluid in the drum. If the rate of change is over a threshold value, a signal goes to the supplemental control. If the rate of change is less than or equal to the threshold value, the signal goes to the drum level control module.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sorbents including carbon and nitrogen. In various embodiments, the sorbent can remove mercury from a mercury-containing gas that includes sulfur (VI) such as SO3 more efficiently than other sorbents. The sorbent can include a graphene edge comprising an active site for mercury oxidation and a nitrogen layer structure including cationic nitrogen atoms, neutral nitrogen atoms, or a combination thereof proximate the active site.

Abstract: A method for the partial removal of contaminants such as nitrogen oxides from a process gas stream is described. The process gas stream is separated into at least two process gas streams by means of a partition, baffle, damper or other device. Ozone is fed into contact with at least one of the separated process gas streams to oxidize the contaminants therein and the at least one of the process gas streams contacted by ozone is fed to a scrubber for removal of the oxidized contaminants from the gas streams. The separation is proportional to the percentage removal of contaminants desired.

Abstract: A system includes a tank containing a fluid to be heated; a U-shaped pipe disposed proximate a bottom of the tank, a majority of the extent of the U-shaped pipe being disposed within an interior of the tank; a catalyst unit embedded within the U-shaped pipe, the catalyst unit comprising a catalyst wrapped, natural gas filled, perforated pipe that is configured to enable a catalytic reaction on its exterior; a vent pipe attached to the U-bend pipe which allows air to circulate; and mechanical controls disposed proximate the U-shaped pipe configured to vary temperature output.

Abstract: A combined heat exchanger including a flue gas cooler heat-transfer unit supplied with cooling fluid by a supply pump and an upstream GGH heat-transfer unit for circulation of circulating fluid with a downstream GGH by a circulation pump is arranged at an outlet of a gas air heater for heat exchange of flue gas from a boiler body for oxyfuel combustion with recirculation flue gases. A low-low temperature ESP is arranged at an outlet of the combined heat exchanger. A heat-exchange-duty adjustment device is arranged to regulate heats exchanged in the heat-transfer units in the heat exchanger such that at least flue gas temperature at the inlet of the low-low temperature ESP is kept to an inlet set temperature.

Abstract: A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

Abstract: A denitration device and a denitration method in which denitration is performed efficiently and in a stable manner in a lower-reaction-temperature region without using a catalyst. The denitration device is provided with a combustion chamber, a denitration agent feed means for feeding a denitration agent into the combustion chamber, an exhaust pipe, and an OH-radical-generating substance feed means for feeding an OH radical-generating substance into the exhaust pipe. The denitration agent feed means feeds a denitration agent into the exhaust gas of the combustion chamber to perform a first denitration reaction step, and the OH-radical-generating substance feed means feeds the OH-radical-generating substance into the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe to perform a second denitration reaction step.

Abstract: A system for generating steam supplies of coal another material to one or more processing chambers. Each processing chamber includes a plasma arc torch that heats the material in the presence of water and a treatment gas at an extremely high temperature. A product gas stream is delivered from each processing chamber to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). Each HRSG generates steam that is used to drive a steam turbine. The processing chambers and HRSGs are fluidly connected so that the product gas streams moves from a processing chamber, to a HRSG, to another processing chamber, and then to another HRSG, etc. Within any of the HRSGs, or after the final HRSG, water in the product gas may condense to liquid water that may be redirected to any of the processing chambers. In addition, CO2 from the final HRSG may be redirected into any of the processing chambers to facilitate further reactions in the chambers.

Abstract: An assessment system and method are described that capture indoor temperature measurements and corresponding outdoor temperature measurements in order to determine a thermal efficiency of a structure. The assessment system identifies quiescent periods and trims these periods to eliminate undesirable influences such as auxiliary heating or solar gain. The quiescent periods are then compared to outdoor temperature differences to determine the thermal efficiency of the structure. The system can model the structure's performance metrics, through inferred qualitative and quantitative characterizations including, but not limited to, the building's rate of temperature change as a function of internal and external temperatures, the building's heating, cooling, and other energy needs as they relate to the building envelope, appliances, and other products used at the site and occupant behavior.

Abstract: The present invention relates to activated carbon sorbents including nitrogen. In various embodiments, the present invention provides an activated carbon sorbent including a halogen- or halide-promoted activated carbon, the activated carbon sorbent particles including nitrogen in a surface layer of the sorbent particles. In various embodiments, the present invention provides a method of reducing the pollutant content in a pollutant-containing gas using the activated carbon sorbent. In various embodiments, the activated carbon sorbent can remove mercury from a mercury-containing gas that includes sulfur(VI) such as SO3 more efficiently than other sorbents.

Abstract: Disclosed is a calcination apparatus, including: a calcination tube having open ends at both terminals; a pair of hoods, each hood covering each open end of the calcination tube; and a pair of rings, each ring sealing a gap between the calcination tube and the hood, wherein the rings are directly or indirectly fixed on an outer surface of the calcination tube; a groove is provided along a circumferential direction of the ring at a contact surface side between the ring and the hood; a sealed chamber surrounded by the hood and the groove is formed; and both the calcination tube and the rings rotate in a circumferential direction of the calcination tube while keeping the hood in contact with both sides of the groove.

Abstract: A system for drying pulverized high moisture fuel for use in a selective catalytic reduction system equipped combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a mill for pulverizing fuel, an air heater, two fuel gas streams at different temperatures, a booster air heater and a fuel duct for feeding dried pulverized fuel to a combustion furnace.

Abstract: A thermal afterburning system and a method for operating such a system are described, in which method or system a burner gas is fed in a conventional manner to a burner heating the combustion space of a combustion chamber, and exhaust air with a pollutant load is fed to the combustion space of the combustion chamber. The clean air produced inside the combustion space during the combustion processes is discharged. At the same time the carbon monoxide content of said air is measured. The supply of burner gas to the burner is regulated in such a manner that a predetermined target value for the carbon monoxide content is maintained. In this manner, the temperature in the combustion space is kept only sufficiently high as is required to achieve the desired purity of the clean gas given the respective pollutant load of the exhaust air.

Abstract: A gas cleaning system (8) for cleaning a carbon dioxide rich flue gas containing sulphur dioxide generated in a boiler (2) comprises a first gas cleaning device (10) being operative for removing at least 80% of the sulphur dioxide content of the flue gas generated in the boiler (2), thereby generating a partly cleaned carbon dioxide rich flue gas, and a second gas cleaning device (12), being separate from the first gas cleaning device (10) and being operative for receiving at least a portion of the partly cleaned carbon dioxide rich flue gas that passed through the first gas cleaning device (10). The second gas cleaning device (12) is operative for removing at least a portion of the water content of the partly cleaned carbon dioxide rich flue gas by means of cooling the partly cleaned carbon dioxide rich flue gas to condense water there from.

Abstract: A system and method for drying pulverized high moisture fuel for use in a selective catalytic reduction system equipped combustion system is provided. The combustion system includes a mill for pulverizing fuel, an air heater, a booster air heater and a fuel duct for feeding dried pulverized fuel to a combustion furnace.

Abstract: Methane is removed from ventilation air by cycling metal or metal oxide particles in a chemical looping process in one or more reactors where the metal particles are alternately reduced and oxidized, and passing ventilation air through one or more of reactors to convert the air plus methane into reduced air, water and carbon dioxide. In one variation, a hydrogen generator and a regenerator are used to alternatively reduce and oxidize the particles such that ventilation air methane introduced into a combustor provided with hydrogen from the hydrogen generator can be processed in the regenerator to produce air, water and carbon dioxide. Other variations involve using three reactors in the chemical looping process, or an array of parallel inclined plates forming lamellas between upper and lower reactors to keep lighter particles in the upper oxidizer reactor and heavier particles in the lower reducer reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of conditioning a condensate generated in the compression section of a gas purification unit. The invention also relates to system for this method.

Abstract: A wet type dust collector for air purifying according to an embodiment of the present invention can efficiently cool polluted air and remove sludge because it is designed to be able to continuously cool polluted air from the outside with cooling water, which is cooled and circulated, and to remove sludge and foreign substances.

Abstract: A sinter plant gas cleaning system includes a fabric filter device for removing dust particles from a process gas drawn from a sinter strand of a sinter plant. A duct is adapted to allow the process gas drawn from the sinter strand to pass by the fabric filter device. A measurement device measures a concentration of organic compounds of the process gas drawn from the sinter strand. A control system receives a signal from the measurement device and controls the flow of process gas through the duct.

Abstract: A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form, are dried and milled to provide unagglomerated, sub-micron-sized particles that are injected along with pulverized coal into the high temperature combustion zone of a furnace. The particles capture and neutralize the gases that result in condensable acids, including SOx, NOx, HCL, and HF, as well as capturing toxic metals that are present in the combustion products, they mitigate ash fouling and slagging, and they facilitate economic heat exchange that permits fuel savings and recovery of water for use in other processes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a dense-phase additive transportation system for additive injection into a contaminated gas stream.

Abstract: A method is illustrated and described for reducing unwanted substances by injecting a reactant into a flue gas of a steam generator. In order that the reactant can also be used in larger steam generators and/or combustion chambers, a method is proposed, in which the reactant is injected into the combustion chamber of the steam generator via a reactant opening of a multi-component nozzle, in which an enveloping medium is injected into the combustion chamber through at least one enveloping medium opening arranged outside the reactant opening, and in which the enveloping medium at least partly envelops the reactant in the combustion chamber and in this way at least partly shields the reactant from the flue gas.

Abstract: A combustion process wherein a comburent, a fuel and the following components are fed: i) component B) sulphur or compounds containing sulphur in an amount to have a molar ration B1/C1?0.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention is a method of processing a waste material that contains mercury or a mercury compound, and chlorine or a mercury chloride, the method including a step of adding a chlorine scavenger to the waste material, and stowing the waste material in a treatment vessel; and a step of subjecting the waste material to a blasting treatment by fitting an explosive to the treatment vessel and detonating the explosive inside a pressure-proof container.

Abstract: A method for efficiently conveying impurities in a pressurized fluidized incinerator system is provided. Cleaning gas is supplied to an upper valve, and thereafter, the upper valve is driven so as to communicate an upper discharge device and a tank. The upper discharge device is driven so as to convey the impurities from the dust collector to the tank, and thereafter, the upper discharge device is stopped and the upper valve is driven so as not to communicate the upper discharge device and the tank. Thereafter, the supply of the cleaning gas to the upper valve is stopped.

Abstract: The inventive technology includes methods and apparatus for the generation and application of segregated catalytic additives for the pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous fuel and/or feedstocks. The application of such segregated additives results in the reduction of environmentally harmful emissions during combustion as well as gasification processes. Specifically, pre-combustion treatment of carbonaceous materials with the inventive additives results in the reduction of NOx and/or mercury emissions by least 20% and 40% respectively.

Abstract: A boiler system having a series of boilers. Each boiler includes a shell having an upstream end, a downstream end, and a hollow interior. The boilers also have an oxidizer inlet entering the hollow interior adjacent the upstream end of the shell and a fuel nozzle positioned adjacent the upstream end of the shell for introducing fuel into the hollow interior of the shell. Each boiler includes a flue duct connected to the shell adjacent the downstream end for transporting flue gas from the hollow interior. Oxygen is delivered to the oxidizer inlet of the first boiler in the series. Flue gas from the immediately preceding boiler in the series is delivered through the oxidizer inlet of each boiler subsequent to the first boiler in the series.

Abstract: A steam generation system delivers heats water and carbon dioxide at high temperatures in the presence of one or more plasma arc torches and converts the materials into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The converted gas is delivered to a heat recovery steam generator (“HRSG”) to produce steam, which may be used to power a steam turbine. Depending on the amount of steam and/or power desired, the system may use a control system to vary the flow, temperature and pressure of the gas delivered to the HRSG. The control system may do this by bringing additional torches on-line or off-line in the processing chamber, by adding unheated gas directly from a supply source, shunting the gas from the HRSG, and varying the flow of water delivered to the HRSG.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an induced-draft injection system comprising an injection line in fluid communication with a duct under negative pressure, a particulate storage containing particulate, and a feeder receiving the particulate from the particulate storage and feeding the particulate to the injection line. The negative pressure in the duct supports the transportation of at least a portion of the particulate through the injection line and into the duct. Inside the duct, a binding portion of the particulate is bound to a portion of mercury in a flue gas passing through the duct, thus enabling a portion of the mercury to be filtered out of the flue gas.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment of unburnts utilizing oxygen carrier particles, which may be CLOU particles, oxidized in an air reactor and transmitted to a post oxidation reactor as shown in FIG. 2. A flue gas stream containing unburnts is injected into post oxidation reactor wherein unburnts are oxidized by oxygen supplied by oxygen carriers. Reduced oxygen carriers are separated from post oxidation reactor and transmitted back to air reactor for re-oxidation. An embodiment may include a post oxidation chamber, which may be catalytic, receiving a portion of flue gas stream and oxygen from a flue gas stream of post oxidation reactor.