Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for performing selective catalytic reduction on engine exhaust using ethanol from the engine fuel as the reducing agent. Fuel from a fuel tank or other fuel source can be passed through a separation module to produce a fuel stream with a reduced ethanol content and an ethanol-enriched fraction. After combustion of fuel under lean conditions, the combustion exhaust can be exposed to a catalyst system in the presence of the ethanol-enriched fraction.

Abstract: Oxycombustion process wherein low ranking, gaseous, liquid, solid, optionally solid melting hydrocarbon fractions are used as fuels, having a vanadium content in an amount by weight from 50 to 5,000 ppm or higher, for producing energy, wherein magnesium is added as oxide, or as a water-soluble salt, the combustor being refractored and isotherm or quasi isotherm, flameless, working at temperatures comprised between 1,250° C. and 1,450° C. and under pressurized conditions, wherein the oxidant is oxygen, the oxidant being used in admixture with water or steam such that the ratio by moles oxidant:(water-steam) is comprised between about 1:0.4 and about 1:3 or the oxidant is used in admixture with flue gases recycled from the flue gases outletting the energy recovery equipments, wherein the water amount is higher than 30% by volume, optionally by adding water, the molar ratio oxidant:(water/steam) in flue gases being comprised from about 1:0.

Abstract: Oxycombustion process for producing energy wherein low ranking gaseous, liquid, solid, optionally solid melting hydrocarbon fractions are used as fuels, having a vanadium content in amounts by weight from 50 to 5,000 ppm or higher, and alkaline metals Ma in amounts from 20 to 10,000 ppm, wherein magnesium is added as oxide, or as a magnesium compound forming MgO in the combustion process, or mixtures thereof and a silico-aluminate wherein the molar ratio SiO2:Al2O3 ranges from 2:1 to 6:1; the combustor being refractored, isotherm or quasi-isotherm, flameless, working at temperatures in the range 1,250°-1,450° C. and under pressurized conditions, wherein the oxidant being used in admixture with water or steam, the ratio by moles oxidant:(water/steam) being comprised between about 1:0.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also disclosed is a method of fly ash beneficiation using the apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance.

Abstract: A process for lowering the carbon content in ash includes introducing the ash having a carbon content of 1 to 20 wt-% into a reactor where the ash is burnt at a temperature between 700 and 1100° C. Fuel is also introduced into the reactor. During combustion, microwave radiation is fed into the reactor. At least part of the energy released during the combustion is recovered.

Abstract: What is described is a process and an installation for drying articles, in particular painted vehicle bodies, in which the articles are moved through a drying zone in which they are hardened in an inert-gas atmosphere. Inert gas is taken from the drying zone constantly or intermittently and is first of all conducted along a first face which is at a first temperature at which higher-boiling contaminants condense out. The condensate that forms in the process is discharged. After that, the inert gas which has been pre-cleaned in this way is conducted along at least one second face which is at a lower temperature than the first face. Lower-boiling contaminants are precipitated at this point. These condensates, too, are then discharged. This process and installation work more favorably, energy-wise, and with higher cleaning efficiency than known processes and installations of a similar type.

Abstract: In a method for processing ash, fly ash is separated from a product gas flow obtained from gasification of fuel, which fly ash is burned in fluidized bed combustion to reduce the carbon content of the ash. After this, the flue gases from the combustion are processed. In a first step, the ash is burned in fluidized bed combustion (fluidized bed reactor 1) at a temperature of not higher than 800° C. to reduce the carbon content, and in a second step, the flue gases a burned in an independent combustion process (combustion chamber 7), the combustion conditions reaching the temperature of at least 850° C.

Abstract: Method and system for the production of a combustible gas from a fuel, comprising the conversion of the fuel, at a temperature that is between 600 and 1000° C. and at a pressure that is lower than 10 bar, into at least a combustible gas that comprises CH4, CO, H2, CO2, H2O and higher hydrocarbons in a reactor installation (1). At least part of the higher hydrocarbons present in the combustible gas is catalytically converted into at least CH4, CO, H2, CO2 and H2O in a reactor (45) at a pressure that is lower than 10 bar. After this catalytic conversion, an amount of H2O and an amount of CO2 are removed from the combustible gas in a separator installation (50) at a pressure that is lower than 10 bar. After the removal of H2O and CO2, the pressure of the combustible gas is raised by a compressor (71).

Abstract: Stable operation of oxyfuel combustion boiler is ensured and amplification in likelihood of or downsizing of forced draft fan is attained. Upon change of commanded boiler load from start value to target value by target time, a feed amount of oxygen from oxygen producing device is regulated for attainment of oxygen concentration on entry side of the boiler body from reference value to attainment point or target entry-side oxygen concentration within entry-side oxygen concentration regulation range by target time. After attainment to attainment point, control is made to return entry-side oxygen concentration to reference value at return point. Airflow rate of forced draft fan is controlled with change rate smaller than change rate with which air flow rate of forced draft fan reaches target value by target time.

Abstract: An intelligently controlled catalytic converter automatically monitors various operating parameters, such as water jacket temperature, catalytic input temperature, catalytic converter output temperature, oxygen level, ambient temperature, ambient humidity and/or ambient barometric air pressure, of a biofuel-fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and electric heaters in the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for biomass combustion and simultaneous CO2 capture for capturing the CO2 generated in said combustion to generate a substantially pure CO2 stream (9) which can be subsequently stored. The device comprises a combustor-carbonator reactor (a) which is fed with biomass and air; at least one solids recycling cyclone (b, c) which separates solids (5) returning to the combustor-carbonator and from which there exits a solids and gases stream (4). The device comprises a calciner B which regenerates CaO, a fluidized bed (d) and means for feeding fresh CaCO3 (12) and for purging solids (11).

Abstract: A system and process for disposal of dry fly ash that effectively confines and damps fugitive dust during the collection, sorting, transporting, storage and treatment of fly ash at a landfill. The system and process for disposal of dry fly ash utilizing an enlarged, oversized hopper positioned at the top of a hill and an elongate channel that runs between the enlarged hopper and the landfill. A bulk transport truck hauling a belly dump trailer dumps dry fly ash through an elevated platform having a centrally aligned orifice into the oversized hopper having a slurry rack and a large hopper grate. The ramps and raised platform of the enlarged hopper allow the belly dump trailer compartments to be closer to the orifice and the hopper grate in order to minimize fugitive ash during the disposal process.

Abstract: A conveying means for hot material, including at least one conveyor belt and at least one housing at least partially surrounding the at least one conveyor belt, wherein at least one deflecting means for deflecting a gas flow flowing longitudinally with respect to the at least one conveyor belt towards the at least one conveyor belt is arranged in or on the housing, and wherein the gas flow can be deflected by the at least one deflecting means over at least 25% of a length of the at least one conveyor belt.

Abstract: Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of pollutant emissions is accomplished in a solid fuel combustion furnace by injecting and directing jet streams of liquid NOx reducing agent, with or without dilution water mixing, into combustion zones and radiant section and convective paths of the furnace with water cannons as controlled by intelligent knowledge-based control algorithms. The control algorithms are based upon continuously monitored online-measured flue gas temperature, O2, CO and NOx mapping data profiles for the furnace.

Abstract: An oxygen fueled integrated pollutant removal and combustion system includes a combustion system and an integrated pollutant removal system. The combustion system includes a furnace having at least one burner that is configured to substantially prevent the introduction of air. An oxygen supply supplies oxygen at a predetermine purity greater than 21 percent and a carbon based fuel supply supplies a carbon based fuel. Oxygen and fuel are fed into the furnace in controlled proportion to each other and combustion is controlled to produce a flame temperature in excess The integrated. pollutant removal system includes at least one direct contact heat exchanger for bringing the flue gas into intimated contact with a cooling liquid to produce a pollutant-laden liquid stream and a stripped flue gas stream and at least one compressor for receiving and compressing the stripped flue gas stream.

Abstract: The invention related to a control system for a mill, particularly a roller grinding mill, comprising a mill control device (11), which is designed to control at least one mill characteristic on the basis of an associated target variable, and a fuzzy-control device (13), which is connected to the mill control device (11) and designed to adjust the target variable of the at least one mill characteristic to be controlled when at least one operating parameter of the mill deviates from a predefined normal range as a function of fuzzy rules that are based on said at least one operating parameter of the mill until the at least one operating parameter of the mill has reached the predefined normal range again. A solution is to be provided, which enables automated optimized mill operation even with changing operating conditions, particularly a mill operation that prevents the “mill rumbling”.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a combustion product stream includes a burner assembly configured to support one or more flames, the burner assembly having at least a portion configured to be driven to or held at one or more first voltages. A collection surface is held at a voltage different than the one or more first voltages to attract particulates charged by the burner assembly.

Abstract: A cement manufacturing apparatus capable of increasing quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus while controlling unburned carbon content in cement within a permissible range. The cement manufacturing apparatus comprises a removal means for removing unburned carbon from gypsum, and a grinding means for grinding gypsum from which unburned carbon is removed by the removal means together with clinker to generate cement. With the apparatus, total unburned carbon content in cement can be reduced, and the quantity of fly ash used in the apparatus can be, increased by the reduced amount of unburned carbon. The removal means can remove unburned carbon contained in gypsum as well as unburned carbon contained in fly ash, and the grinding means may grind the fly ash from which unburned carbon is removed together with the gypsum, from which unburned carbon is removed, and clinker.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to the use of elemental or speciated iodine and bromine to control total mercury emissions.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: Provided are fuel feed means 3, an air separation unit 6 air feed means 7, a combustion furnace 11 with a burner 9 for combustion, an exhaust gas line 14 for leading an exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 11 to outside of the combustion furnace 11, exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b included in the exhaust gas line 14, and a recirculation line 15 for circulating a portion of the exhaust gas at least exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b for recirculation of a portion of the exhaust gas at least dust-removed by the exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b to the burner. Further provided are exhaust gas capture means 18 for taking out carbon dioxide gas from a remaining non-recirculating exhaust gas, and carbon dioxide gas feed means 33, 40 and 46 for introducing carbon dioxide gas to equipments 10, 20a and 20b of the oxyfuel combustion boiler facility.

Abstract: Some exemplary embodiments include hybrid vehicle systems including an engine operable to output exhaust, an exhaust aftertreatment system configured to receive the exhaust from the engine, the exhaust aftertreatment system including an SCR catalyst operable to reduce NOx in the exhaust and an electrical heater operable to heat the SCR catalyst, a motor/generator operable in a braking mode to receive torque to slow the vehicle and output electrical power, an energy storage device operable to output electrical power to drive the motor/generator and receive electrical power from the motor/generator, and a controller operable to control the electrical heater to heat the SCR catalyst using electrical power from the motor/generator in the braking mode.

Abstract: A gasifier comprises an internal chamber, a slag collection region, a slag passageway, a slag breaker, and an actuator. The internal chamber comprises a main combustion region that is configured and adapted to gasify fuel. The slag collection region is located beneath the main combustion region. The slag passageway operatively connects the main combustion region to the slag collection region. The slag breaker comprises a face that is movable relative to the internal chamber. The face is configured and adapted to move within the slag passageway in a manner such that the face contacts and mechanically breaks solidified slag into chunks of solidified slag that then fall into the slag collection region. The actuator is connected to the slag breaker and is configured and adapted to move the face of the slag breaker.

Abstract: To effectively utilize coal ash while reducing mercury concentration in cement kiln exhaust gas. Coal ash is received from a thermal power plant or the like; the received coal ash is separated into ash and unburned carbon; the separated ash is utilized in a cement manufacturing facility as a cement raw material; and the separated unburned carbon is utilized in the cement manufacturing facility in accordance with mercury concentration in gas exhausted from a cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility. In case that the mercury concentration in the gas exhausted from the cement kiln of the cement manufacturing facility is high, in the coal ash, unburned carbon with high mercury content can be treated in facilities other than the cement manufacturing facility without feeding the unburned carbon to the cement manufacturing facility, or the quantity of such unburned carbon fed to the cement manufacturing facility can be adjusted.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of increasing the efficiency of a combustion process by adding bentonite to the flame, fireball or burner region combustion zone of the combustion process. Also provided is a combustion chamber that includes a bentonite feed system and a fuel additive composition of a bentonite such as sodium bentonite having a particle size range that may be employed in the method of the present invention.

Abstract: Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of pollutant remissions in a fossil fuel combustion furnace having water cannons installed therein for removing combustion incrustation is accomplished by using the water cannons intended for de-slagging by mixing a reagent with water and administering the mixture under high velocity and high blast flow rate to the interior of the furnace for reduction of pollutant emissions, such as NOx, with the water cannons. The water cannons may be switched from the SNCR function to a de-slagging function.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of fly ash obtained from an incineration process of a waste incineration plant, in particular for municipal solid waste, whereby fly ash is separated from the incineration process. Furthermore, a method for the operation of a waste incineration plant, in particular for municipal solid waste or the like. The process for the treatment of fly ash is further characterized in that metals and/or metal containing compounds, in particular heavy metals and/or heavy metal containing compounds, are separated from the fly ash, which is separated from the combustion process and preferably non-fractioned, in a separation step and subsequently the fly ash reduced by the metals and/or metal containing compounds is, preferably dosed, mixed with or added to the waste to be incinerated so that the mineral parts of the fly ash, reduced by its metals and/or metal containing compounds, are returned to the combustion process.

Abstract: A flue gas additive is provided that includes both a nitrogenous component to reduce gas phase nitrogen oxides and a halogen-containing component to oxidize gas phase elemental mercury.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A method for operating a fluidized-bed reactor includes introducing an alkali-containing material into a fluidized-bed reactor and introducing hydrous clay into the fluidized-bed reactor, the hydrous clay having a moisture content of at least about 5% by weight. The method further includes heating at least a portion of the alkali-containing material and hydrous clay, such that at least a portion of the hydrous clay is at least partially calcined and the at least partially calcined clay adsorbs at least a portion of alkali present in the fluidized-bed reactor. The method further includes removing at least a portion of the at least partially calcined clay and adsorbed alkali from the fluidized-bed reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also disclosed is a method of fly ash beneficiation using the apparatus.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing halogen, calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents such as calcium bromide are added to the coal ahead of combustion and other components are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: A process for capturing undesirable combustion products produced in a high temperature combustion system in which a carbonaceous fuel is utilized. Very finely sized particles of alkaline earth carbonates or hydroxides, with or without added ground ash, are provided in slurry form and are injected into the high temperature zone of a furnace. The particles flash calcine to provide substantially unagglomerated particles having a particle size of less than about 0.5 microns to capture and neutralize SOx, NOx, and toxic metals present in the combustion products.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) for the conveyance of hot material (2) out of at least one combustion boiler (3), having at least one conveyor (4) for conveying the hot material (2) from a material reception region (5) of the at least one conveyor (4) from a material delivery space (6) of the at least one conveyor (4) along a conveying section (7) and at least one housing (13) surrounding the at least one conveyor (4), at least one oxidant feed (23) being arranged in or on the at least one housing (13) along the conveying section (7) at a distance from the material delivery space (6).

Abstract: A biomass thermochemical gasification apparatus is provided that can manufacture high-quality fuel gas out of solid biomass in an industrial manner. This fuel gas can be used as fuel for a gas engine and a gas turbine for example and also can be used as synthesis gas for methanol synthesis. A high-temperature combustion gas generation apparatus (101) for biomass operates entirely by biomass and the heat source thereof does not depend on fossil fuel. A coarsely-ground powder biomass (205) subjected to gasification and gasification agent (303) are introduced to a primary gasification reaction room (202) and generate gasification reaction by, as reaction heat, radiation heat from a wall face of the primary gasification reaction room (202) heated by combustion gas (109a) generated in the high-temperature combustion gas generation apparatus (101) and are dissolved. Consequently, the biomass (205) is converted to clean and high-quality generated gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for enhancing combustion of an undesired chemical to minimize the formation of smoke during operation of a flare stack for the discharge of a flare feedstream includes a plurality of high-pressure air nozzles spaced apart below and around the periphery of the stack outlet. Each nozzle is directed toward the stack outlet and in the direction of the feedstream's movement. High-pressure air from the nozzles forms a plurality of high-velocity air jets to produce a moving air mass that draws additional atmospheric air into the air mass moving toward the stack outlet to enhance combustion of the flare feedstream. Analytical means determine the stoichiometric oxygen requirements, and an air-flow valve controls the flow rate of the high-pressure air to the nozzles.

Abstract: Described herein are systems and methods for reducing cumulative deposition and unwanted secondary thermal reactions in pyrolysis and other thermal conversion processes. In an embodiment, a system comprises a device, referred to as a reamer, for removing product deposits between thermal conversion and condensation operations of a pyrolysis process. The reamer may comprise, but is not limited to, a mechanical reciprocating rod or ram, a mechanical auger, a drill bit, a high-temperature wiper, brush, or punch to remove deposits and prevent secondary reactions. Alternatively or in addition, the reamer may use a high-velocity curtain or jet (i.e., a hydraulic or pneumatic stream) of vapor, product gas, recycle gas, other gas jet or non-condensing liquid to remove deposits. Preferably, the reamer removes deposits during the pyrolysis process allowing for continuous operation of the pyrolysis process.

Abstract: An oxygen fueled integrated pollutant removal and combustion system includes a combustion system and an integrated pollutant removal system. The combustion system includes a furnace having at least one burner that is configured to substantially prevent the introduction of air. An oxygen supply supplies oxygen at a predetermine purity greater than 21 percent and a carbon based fuel supply supplies a carbon based fuel. Oxygen and fuel are fed into the furnace in controlled proportion to each other and combustion is controlled to produce a flame temperature in excess of 3000 degrees F. and a flue gas stream containing CO2 and other gases. The flue gas stream is substantially void of non-fuel borne nitrogen containing combustion produced gaseous compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for extracting and recovering energy for large for large flows of heavy ashes produced by solid fuel boilers, able to decrease the final temperature of the extracted ash without increasing the air flow entering the boiler flue, usually fixed by the boiler designers at a value around 1.5% of the total combustion air. When the air flow needed to the cooling exceeds the maximum quantity allowable in the boiler, the system allows the air and the possible vapour to be sent to the air inletting duct entering the air/fume exchanger on the air side, thanks to a separation of the cooling environments made by the ash itself. The separation of the environments of the cooling system is handled automatically based upon a temperature signal of the ash to the discharge from the system. If the cooling air is not sufficient to cool down the ash, the cooling efficiency can be increased by the addition of nebulised water.

Abstract: A device, which conveys and handles material from a combustion boiler, includes at least one conveyor belt and a housing surrounding the conveyor belt. The conveyor belt includes at least one horizontal collection area and a handling area. The housing includes at least one outlet for the material. Furthermore, the handling area has a first length of at least 10 m and an inclination of at least 38°. Some arrangements relate to a corresponding combustion plant and to a method for handling hot ash.

Abstract: Emission of N2O is efficiently suppressed by supplying an appropriate amount of the N2O-decomposing particles. Disclosed is a combustor which controls emission of N2O generated upon combustion of a predetermined nitrogen-containing fuel, including the N2O-decomposing particles supply part 3 which supplies the particles being capable of decomposing N2O in the apparatus; a N2O concentration measurement meter 8a which measures the concentration of N2O contained in an exhaust gas; and a control part 10 which compares the measured N2O concentration value with a predetermined control value and controls the supply amount of the N2O-decomposing particles based on these comparison results.

Abstract: The combustion system for implementing the process has a combustion grate, hoppers below the combustion grate for supplying primary combustion gas through the grate and nozzles that lead into the furnace above the combustion grate to supply secondary combustion gas. At least one extraction duct for flue gas is provided at the rear end of the furnace above the combustion grate. This duct is connected to the suction side of a fan. The pressure side is connected to nozzles arranged in the upper area of the flue gas pass. The nozzle height allows the flue gases a residence time of at least 1 second after secondary gas is supplied.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to combustion catalysts, including processes for achieving increased thermal output from combustion processes, processes for improved combustion in boilers and furnaces, processes for reducing the emission of undesirable pollutants, and processes for increasing the combustion of carbon.

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, and silica are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and make a highly cementitious ash product.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing pollution from a flare stack includes a platform disposed on or near the top of the flare stack and a plurality of baffles and filters disposed on the platform. A first plurality of upwardly extending stainless steel baffles is disposed around the flare stack while a second plurality of baffles is disposed about the outer periphery of the platform. A first and a second plurality of filters are disposed between the first and second plurality of baffles. The first plurality of filters associated with a fan, blower or pump for drawing flare gas into and out of the filter.

Abstract: A system when installed in-line with a pollution source provides reduction and/or complete combustion of harmful emissions generated there from. Such emissions including (but not limited to) compounds such as oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, odors, organic and inorganic particulates. The pollution source can be of any type, such as smoke from a smokestack, engine exhaust, etc. The re-burner system is of very simple construction, is extremely energy efficient and does not require any moving parts or maintenance, respectively.

Abstract: A system and process for maximizing the generation of electrical power from a variety of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstocks are first gasified and then oxidized in a two-chamber system and process using oxygen gas rather than ambient air. Intermediate gases generated in the system and process are recirculated and recycled to the gasification and oxidation chambers in order to maximize energy production. The energy produced through the system and process is used to generate steam and produce power through conventional steam turbine technology. In addition to the release of heat energy, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are oxidized to the pure product compounds of water and carbon dioxide, which are subsequently purified and marketed. The system and process minimizes environmental emissions.

Abstract: A process for improving the operation of combustors includes the steps of burning a carbonaceous fuel in a combustor system and determining combustion conditions within the combustor system that can benefit from a targeted treatment additive, wherein the determinations are made by calculation including computational fluid dynamics and observation. The process further includes locating introduction points in the combustor system where introduction of the targeted treatment additive could be accomplished. Based on the previous steps, a treatment regimen for introducing the targeted treatment additive to locations within the combustor system results in one or more benefits selected from the group consisting of reducing the opacity of plume, improving combustion, reducing slag, reducing LOI and/or unburned carbon, reducing corrosion, and improving electrostatic precipitator performance. The targeted treatment additive comprises an alloy represented by the following generic formula (Aa)n(Bb)n(Cc)n(Dd)n(. . .

Abstract: Sorbent components containing calcium, alumina, silica, and halogen are used in combination during coal combustion to produce environmental benefits. Sorbents are added to the coal ahead of combustion and/or are added into the flame or downstream of the flame, preferably at minimum temperatures to assure complete formation of the refractory structures that result in various advantages of the methods. When used together, the components ? reduce emissions of mercury and sulfur; ? reduce emissions of elemental and oxidized mercury; ? increase the efficiency of the coal burning process through de-slagging of boiler tubes; ? increase the level of Hg, As, Pb, and/or Cl in the coal ash; ? decrease the levels of leachable heavy metals (such as Hg) in the ash, preferably to levels below the detectable limits; and ? make a highly cementitious ash product.