Abstract: A method of distributing ashes by forming water soluble solid product(s) with the ashes. Upon wetting the water soluble product(s), the binder releases in a period of about time thereby allowing the ashes to dissipate into nature while minimizing the likelihood of having airborne ash.

Abstract: Methods of processing biological materials such as the remains of humans or pets, which may be enclosed in a casket, include depositing the biological materials, including the remains and/or the casket, into a cement kiln and operating the cement kiln to produce clinker, thereby incorporating products of the biological remains into the clinker, such as into a crystal or molecular structure of the clinker, and then grinding the clinker to form a cementitious product.

Abstract: The object of the present invention relates to a rotating drum for infeeding material by gravity to its interior, which can be used both inside a vessel that could be subjected to pressure or not, such as for example for the treatment of solid waste with water vapour, and externally for all types of equipment that require infeeding material to a rotating drum for the transportation and tumbling thereof, wherein due to the special configuration thereof it does not require an independent device for infeeding material to the rotating drum.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solidifying agent for solidifying radioactive waste, and more particularly to a solidifying-agent composition for solidifying radioactive waste, including alumina cement and a gypsum powder. The solidifying-agent composition including alumina cement and a gypsum powder is capable of effectively minimizing an increase in the volume of a solidified radioactive waste product to a level satisfying physical and chemical safety regulations upon the solidification of radioactive waste.

Abstract: Cogeneration plant for the continuous production of electrical and thermal energy from solid woody biomass, the latter being selected from among wood in the form of woodchips, vine branches, shrubs and underbrush, grain, hay, animal litter, suitably-treated muds, shells and kernels, suitably-treated husks, fibrous cultures and compositions thereof, the plant including at least one first container and at least one second container connected by at least one interconnection duct, the first container including the components suitable for inducing the transformation of the biomass into syngas including H2 and CO; the plant providing for a particular step of screening, drying and briquette-making on board the machine of the solid woody starting biomass.

Abstract: There is provided a wood pellet burner assembly for a wood pellet boiler, not shown. There is a fixed and easily removable fuel apertured grate mounted above and spaced apart from a base wall forming part of a main support enclosure. A movable scraper subassembly carrying an apertured flame tube is provided which can be moved in and out of the main support enclosure to perform a scraping action on the fixed fuel apertured grate to deliver ash and clinker which have not fallen through the grate during combustion off the grate out of the main support enclosure. This cleaning operation can be carried out at suitable preset time intervals.

Abstract: A system for controlling a reagent flow to a furnace in a SCNR process includes at least one injection distribution module (IDM) for supplying water to a plurality of injection lances, metering valves for supplying a NOx reducing agent to the plurality of injection lances, wherein the reagent injection rate of each injection lance is controlled by one metering valve such that a reagent concentration in each injection lance is adjustable and variable from one another. A method for controlling a reagent flow to a furnace includes providing at least one IDM, and for each IDM, providing a plurality of injection lances in communication with the IDM, supplying water to the plurality of injection lances through the IDM and supplying a NOx reducing agent through metering valves, wherein each metering valve controls the reagent injection rate to one injection lance.

Abstract: A chemical conversion process includes a synthesis step (10) that takes, as input, reactants that include at least dihydrogen and carbon monoxide and that gives, as output, a synthetic compound such as an engine fuel, water and overhead gases, a step of recovering all or some of the overhead gases resulting from the synthesis step and a step of producing dihydrogen, in particular electrochemically (14), by a conversion of the overhead gases recovered in the recovering step.

Abstract: A method including the selection of a piece of jewelry with a setting, and inserting a mixture of transparent resin and cremation ashes in the setting.

Abstract: At least one heat pipe for removing heat is led into a reactor housing of a fluidized bed reactor, so that the temperature in the reactor housing can be controlled.

Abstract: A process to improve the processability of a bio-oil is provided. The disclosed process involves removing at least a portion of the carboxylic acids originally present in a bio-oil using a weak base anion exchange resin. Upon removing at least a portion of these carboxylic acids, the treated bio-oil contains a lower TAN value and is better suited for processing in existing refinery equipment.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for pyrolysis of waste feed material. Some systems include a main retort and a secondary retort. Syngas is produced by pyrolysis in the main retort, and is then mixed with combustion air and ignited, in some cases to produce energy. Carbon char travels to the secondary retort and is exhausted from the system through an airlock.

Abstract: A device for recovering biogas, comprising at least one fermenter (13) and a percolate tank (10) for collecting the percolate removed from the fermenter or fermenters (13). The percolate tank (10) has a percolate inlet (10c) that can be connected to an outlet of the fermenter or fermenters (13) and a percolate outlet (10b). The percolate tank (10) is designed in such a way that the residence time of the percolate as it passes between the inlet (10c) and the outlet (10b) is sufficiently long to sanitize the percolate at the outlet (10b). The Percolate tank may also include one or more heaters to heat the percolate.

Abstract: A method of producing oil, gas, and ash fertilizer from a feedstock includes inputting the feedstock into a reaction chamber having a wall, and combusting the feedstock in the reaction chamber. An electrical current flow is induced between the reaction chamber wall and the feedstock so as to cause arcing in the feedstock within the reaction chamber. Ash reaction byproducts migrate downward through the reaction chamber onto ash support structure, which is substantially electrically isolated from the reaction chamber wall. Gas and liquid reaction byproducts migrate upward through the reaction chamber to an upper chamber by a partial vacuum in the upper chamber, and are evacuated therefrom. The oil and gas are then separated from the evacuated gas/liquid products, providing the oil and the gas products. The oil is refinable, the gas is high in energy content, and the ash fertilizer is high in nitrogen.

Abstract: A gasifier comprises an internal chamber, a slag collection region, a slag passageway, a slag breaker, and an actuator. The internal chamber comprises a main combustion region that is configured and adapted to gasify fuel. The slag collection region is located beneath the main combustion region. The slag passageway operatively connects the main combustion region to the slag collection region. The slag breaker comprises a face that is movable relative to the internal chamber. The face is configured and adapted to move within the slag passageway in a manner such that the face contacts and mechanically breaks solidified slag into chunks of solidified slag that then fall into the slag collection region. The actuator is connected to the slag breaker and is configured and adapted to move the face of the slag breaker.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to storing energy in a form that is carbon neutral, storable and transportable, so that it can be used on demand. The present invention provides a process and system for using energy as available to produce carbon from carbon oxide, and then oxidizing the carbon to generate useful energy on demand, while effectively recycling the carbon, oxidant, and carbon oxide used in the process or system. In one embodiment, the present invention effectively stores renewable energy as carbon, transports the carbon, oxidizes the carbon to generate useful energy on demand and recycles the carbon as carbon dioxide. This invention may increase the utilization of renewable energy, especially for electrical power generation, while producing no net carbon dioxide or other air pollutants.

Abstract: An intelligently controlled catalytic converter automatically monitors various operating parameters, such as water jacket temperature, catalytic input temperature, catalytic converter output temperature, oxygen level, ambient temperature, ambient humidity and/or ambient barometric air pressure, of a biofuel-fired device and automatically controls dampers, blowers and electric heaters in the device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combustion device and method for combusting granular, solid fuel, for example wood pellets. The combustion device includes a chamber having an outer wall and an inner wall, which inner wall divides the chamber into a combustion air space and a combustion chamber. Further, the combustion device includes at least one blast apparatus for providing primary combustion air and secondary combustion air and a rotating unit for rotating the combustion chamber. The inner surface of the combustion chamber includes a number of steps for lifting combustion fuel in the combustion chamber, when the combustion chamber is rotated. Further, primary combustion air is provided into the combustion chamber for contributing combustion of combustion fuel and for moving combustion fuel on the steps. In addition, secondary combustion air is provided into the combustion chamber for removing completely combusted fuel and/or combustion gases from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A solid fuel gravity feed combustion device, system and method are presented. The device includes a chute having an inlet and outlet, such that the chute inlet is configured to receive multiple pellets. A floor is disposed substantially below the chute inlet, and adjacent to the chute outlet. The chute outlet is configured to accommodate a pellet pile including at least a portion of the multiple pellets disposed upon the floor, where the pile surface is oriented substantially at a pellet angle of repose.

Abstract: A solid fuel conveying system is presented. The system includes a low power agitating grate. The grate has a surface for burning solid fuel in a burner, such as a downdraft burner. The grate includes a rotating camshaft and a plurality of movable grate elements. Each movable grate element has a cam end and a slide end. A cam bore passes through the grate element cam end, and a slide bore passes through the grate element slide end. A slide pin passes through each movable grate slide bore. A plurality of cams are disposed along the rotating camshaft, with each cam disposed within a cam bore in one of the plurality of movable grates elements. A camshaft drive rotates the camshaft, thereby moving each grate element in accordance with the orientation of the cam passing through the corresponding cam bore of that grate element.

Abstract: A municipal or like refuse is crushing, separating ferrous metals, mixing with crushed limestone, drying up and loading in furnace of pyrolysis. An electronic and electric scrap is crushing, drying up from surface water and warming on 2-4° C. above temperature of transporting air, divide into concoction nonferrous and precious metals and dielectric fraction, which go in furnace of pyrolysis by specified air, cleaned from dust and moistened up to 100% moisture by water. At mixing with dielectric fraction temperature of the air increases, relative moisture falls down to level, excluding condensation of moisture and spark formation in system. Pyrolysis is carried out under simultaneous neutralization fo allocated hydrogen chloride by limestone with reception of calcium chloride. Gas allocated at pyrolysis condensing and dividing to water and organic phases (liquid fuel).

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for cremation of animal remains includes the steps of inserting animal remains into a primary combustion chamber of a cremator and igniting a primary burner in the primary combustion chamber. An oxygen content of gas leaving the primary combustion chamber is measured. The oxygen content is represented by an oxygen level information signal. A temperature of the primary combustion chamber is also measured and the temperature measured is represented by a primary temperature signal. Volatilization of animal remains is determined dependent upon at least one of the oxygen level information signal, the primary temperature signal and the passage of a predetermined amount of time. Upon determining volatilization of the animal remains, a volumetric flow rate of gas or fuel fed into the primary burner is adjusted. Further, the quantity of air being introduced into the primary combustion chamber is adjusted dependent upon the oxygen level information signal.

Abstract: A replacement burner system which facilitates reduction of nitrous oxide produced during combustion of a fuel. The replacement burner system comprising a fuel supply duct having an inlet and an outlet with a fuel deflector located within the fuel supply duct to facilitate redistribution of a flow of the fuel. An adjustable coal nozzle is located within the fuel supply duct between the fuel deflector and the outlet. An exterior surface of the fuel supply duct supports an air swirling device, and the air swirling device obstructs between 65% and 75% of the transverse flow area, located between an exterior surface of the fuel supply duct and the inwardly facing surface of the venturi register, after the replacement burner system is accommodated within the windbox of a combustion boiler.

Abstract: A pressurized oxy-combustion circulating fluidized bed power plant having a circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided. A combustion chamber of the boiler is in fluid communication with a separator and configured so that solids produced during combustion enter the separator. The power plant further includes an air separation unit that is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The air separation unit is configured to supply substantially pure oxygen to the combustion chamber at a pressure greater than 1 bar. An external heat exchanger is in fluid communication with the separator and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The external heat exchanger is configured so that a portion of the solids received in the separator pass through the external heat exchanger and transfer heat to a working fluid, after which the solids are returned to the combustion chamber to moderate or control the temperature in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for dismantling a furnace having a multilayered refractory structure including: a furnace shell; a containing layer that is formed of a containing refractory that contains asbestos, and covers the inner side of the furnace shell; and a multilayered non-containing layer that is formed of a non-containing refractory that contains no asbestos, and covers the inner side of the containing layer, the method includes: a primary dismantling process; and a secondary dismantling process conducted after the primary dismantling process. In the primary dismantling process, the non-containing layer is dismantled from a furnace-core side thereof but the containing layer and at least one layer of the layers forming the non-containing layer, which is in contact with the containing layer, are left as a remnant. In the secondary dismantling process, the remnant is dismantled while asbestos measures are implemented.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a burner for solid fuel, said burner comprising: A stoker (41) having a fuel outlet (29) within said burner, and an exhaust (31), a grate (27) positioned below said fuel outlet (29) and between said fuel outlet (29) and said exhaust (31), a first blower (92) connected to a space below said grate (27), and a second blower (68) connected to a plurality of injectors (61A, 62A) provided around said fuel outlet (29) above said grate (27) and directed towards said exhaust (31), said injectors (61A, 62A) being parallel and unidirectionally directed over said grate (27), and wherein the injectors (61A, 62A) are provided along the periphery of said burner, said injectors (61A, 62A) being configured for injecting secondary air at a speed of 40-80 m/s, thereby ensuring unidirectional parallel flows of secondary air over said grate (27).

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus of controlling a flow rate of a primary recirculating exhaust gas in an oxyfuel combustion boiler, capable of realizing a stable combustion by a burner in oxyfuel combustion. Weight ratio of flow rate of primary recirculating exhaust gas [ton/h] to amount of pulverized coal from a mill [ton/h] is defined as G/C, and the flow rate of primary recirculating exhaust gas is controlled so that the G/C falls within a given range.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus of controlling exhaust gas in an oxyfuel combustion boiler which can attain stable combustion of the boiler while an amount of unburned combustibles and a NOx density in exhaust gas are maintained in their allowable ranges. A rate of supply of directly supplied oxygen to burners 6 to a total amount of oxygen produced by an air separation unit 18 is regulated in an operating range where the NOx density in the exhaust gas is below a NOx limit value and the amount of unburned combustibles in the exhaust gas is blow an unburned combustible limit value to thereby attain stable combustion of the oxyfuel combustion boiler.

Abstract: A stirring control method is adapted for a combustion apparatus which includes a furnace for burning fuel material, and a stirring member rotatably disposed in the furnace for stirring the fuel material and ash resulting from burning of the fuel material. The stirring control method includes: controlling rotation of the stirring member at an initial rotational speed; determining whether a height of the fuel material reaches an upper detection range; generating an indication when the height of the fuel material reaches the upper detection range; determining whether the height of the fuel material reaches a lower detection range when the height of the fuel material does not reach the upper detection range; and controlling rotation of the stirring member at a rotational speed higher than the initial rotational speed when the height of the fuel material reaches the lower detection range.

Abstract: Char-handling processes for controlling overall heat balance, ash accumulation, and afterburn in a reheater are provided. Carbonaceous biomass feedstock is pyrolyzed using a heat transfer medium forming pyrolysis products and a spent heat transfer medium. The spent heat transfer medium is separated into segregated char and char-depleted spent heat transfer medium. The char-depleted spent heat transfer medium is introduced into a dense bed of heat transfer medium fluidized by a stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. All or a portion of the segregated char is combusted in the dense bed using the stream of oxygen-containing regeneration gas. A portion of the segregated char may be exported out of the pyrolysis system to control the overall heat balance and ash accumulation.

Abstract: A gasification apparatus for solid fuel, especially an apparatus for producing syngas by pressurized gasification of coal powder, including a gasification chamber (II) and a syngas cooling chamber (III). The inner wall of the gasification chamber is a water-cooling wall (4). The inner side of the water-cooled wall is evenly coated with a layer of fire-resistant material (16). There is an annular cavity between the water-cooling wall of the gasification chamber and the furnace body. A syngas cooling device, a vertical pipe (22), a gas distribution device (24), a defoaming device, and a dewatering and deashing device (21) are provided in the syngas cooling chamber. Said syngas cooling device is connected with a cone-shaped disk at the bottom of the gasification chamber. The vertical pipe (22) is connected with the syngas cooling device. The lower portion of the vertical pipe (22) is connected with the trumpet-shaped gas distribution device (24) via a smooth transition.

Abstract: Provided are fuel feed means 3, an air separation unit 6 air feed means 7, a combustion furnace 11 with a burner 9 for combustion, an exhaust gas line 14 for leading an exhaust gas from the combustion furnace 11 to outside of the combustion furnace 11, exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b included in the exhaust gas line 14, and a recirculation line 15 for circulating a portion of the exhaust gas at least exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b for recirculation of a portion of the exhaust gas at least dust-removed by the exhaust gas treatment means 20a and 20b to the burner. Further provided are exhaust gas capture means 18 for taking out carbon dioxide gas from a remaining non-recirculating exhaust gas, and carbon dioxide gas feed means 33, 40 and 46 for introducing carbon dioxide gas to equipments 10, 20a and 20b of the oxyfuel combustion boiler facility.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing a manufactured product, a method for making a liquid absorbent, and processes for disposal of flammable liquids with a flue gas desulfurization by-product. The compositions for the manufactured products combine a binder and the by-product. The composition contains a greater percentage by weight of the by-product than the binder. The methods for producing manufactured products include dewatering the gypsum-depleted waste stream to reduce a water content, and forming the manufactured product. The method for making a liquid absorbent includes dewatering, granulating, drying, heating, and packaging a granulated gypsum-depleted composition as the liquid absorbent. The processes for disposal of flammable liquids include distributing a by-product into contact with flammable liquid, absorbing the liquid, transporting, and igniting the flammable liquid. The artificial soils are a combination of by-product and animal waste.

Abstract: A self-regenerative combustion system comprising a single burner, capable of operating both during the combustion step and the waste gas aspiration step, and a valve with four ways and three positions, capable of switching the regeneration and the on/off control (oxydizing agent end and waste gas end). The system is provided for obtaining the maximum efficiency, flexibility, minimum fuel consumption and minimum environmental impact with reduced NOx emissions.

Abstract: Present Invention discloses new combustible mixture and fuel, which during burning releases energy 15 times greater than that of lignite and 4-5 times than that of coke. The combustible mixture consists of the liquid and solid phases, where the solid phase comprises: aluminium powder; at least one M1X2, where M1 can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X can be any halogen; M2CO3, where M2 can be any two-valent metal; zinc ammonia chloride, SiO2 in the form of quartz sand; and quick lime; whereas the liquid matter comprises: at least one C1 to C6 carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the mentioned carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amide; methylcellulose; and formaldehyde, or its commercially accessible solution—formalin; and water. Fuel is made when the combustible mixture is hermetically closed in a container.

Abstract: Grate bar for a furnace. The grate bar comprises a first air duct (46) at a first lateral side of the grate bar. The first air duct is provided at an angle other than 90 degrees with respect to a longitudinal axis of the grate bar.

Abstract: Clean combustion and equilibration equipment and methods are provided to progressively deliver, combust and equilibrate mixtures of fuel, oxidant and aqueous diluent in a plurality of combustion regions and in one or more equilibration regions to further progress oxidation of products of incomplete combustion, in a manner that sustains combustion while controlling temperatures and residence times sufficiently to reduce CO and NOx emissions to below 25 ppmvd, and preferably to below 3 ppmvd at 15% O2.

Abstract: A method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes. A method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes, in which, when such substance is handled inside an apparatus with a high degree of hermeticity, air is introduced into the apparatus and the substance is handled in a state in which the volatilized combustible gas is diluted to a concentration at which neither explosion nor fire occurs. With this method for handling a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes, the combustible gas is diluted with air to a concentration at which neither explosion nor fire occurs, without using inactive gases such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide that have to be produced or purchased. Therefore, a substance from which a combustible gas volatilizes can be inexpensively and safely handled in operations such as mixing and storing.

Abstract: A new and unique boiler and method of transition between air and Oxy-combustion in a coal fired combustion process wherein near pure oxygen may be introduced to the boiler furnace in several locations including directly into the flame through the burner and/or directly into the furnace as nearly pure oxygen, and/or into the recycle flue gas streams to the burners, including both primary and secondary streams.

Abstract: A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a solid fuel suitable for thermal power generation by making use of the fruit seed or press cake thereof of a plant which grows in large quantities in nature. [Solution] The solid fuel comprises a composition containing 70 wt % or more, on dry basis, of the fruit seed or press cake thereof of Ricinus communis, Triadica sebifera, Jatropha curcas, Brassica rapa L. var. nippo-oleifera, Plamae, Zea mays or Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquito) and is hot compression molded.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relates to an optical measurement that determines the temperature in a flame and determines the particle size of the fuel present in the flame. The optical measurement device includes a color camera that measures light information in the flame and outputs measurement results and an evaluation unit that evaluates the measurement results. Further, a coal burning power plant is provided with a multitude of burners that burn milled coal each in a flame and a multitude of optical measurement devices described.

Abstract: Method and device for operating a conveyor for a combustion product, in which, during the conveyance, through the detection and analysis of properties (such as volume flow, mass flow, moisture, temperature, grain size) of the combustion product by means of microwaves, a control of transport parameters (such as transport speed, cooling of the combustion product, supply of combustion product, degree of crushing) is realized. It is herein possible to protect the conveyor thermally and mechanically and, at the same time, to ensure real-time regulation of the composition and quantity of the combustion product for following treatment steps.

Abstract: Techniques convey, cool and energy recuperate hot material from a combustion boiler of a combustion plant. Such techniques involve: a) issue of the hot material from a material issue orifice of a combustion boiler into a capture region of a housing, a conveyor belt being arranged in the housing, b) conveyance of the hot material through a cooling region in the housing, c) cooling of the hot material in the cooling region by means of a cooling-air stream moving in the opposite direction to the material, d) removal of at least part of the heated cooling-air stream out of at least one region adjacent to the capture region of the housing, and e) delivery of the removed cooling-air stream to at least one region, carrying combustion exhaust gases, of the combustion plant.

Abstract: Described is an integrated process of cogasifying an engineered fuel, formulated to be suitable for working under reducing environment, with coal and cofiring another engineered fuel, formulated to be suitable for working under oxidizing environment, with coal to produce electric power.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is presented for reducing mono nitrogen oxide emissions in a hydrocarbon processing furnace. A preferred embodiment hydrocarbon cracking furnace includes a firebox with a set of wall burners and a set of floor burners, the floor burners comprising secondary burner tips burning a fuel-rich mixture and positioned below primary burner tips burning a fuel-lean mixture. A portion of flue gases are recirculated from the primary burner combustion area to the secondary burner combustion area and back to the primary burner combustion area. The floor burners further comprise a set of steam injection ports that inject steam into a conical flow to contact flames at the primary burner tips, reducing flame temperature and thereby reducing thermal NOx. The steam injection ports are positioned in the firebox above the primary burner tips.

Abstract: A system for digesting biodigestible feed that preferably includes the steps of comminuting the feed, introducing feed, an oxygen-containing gas, an accelerant, and bacteria into a digestion zone, the bacteria being suitable for digesting the feed under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The contents of the digestion zone can be changed from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation, or vice versa, without changing the bacteria in the digestion zone.

Abstract: A collapsible material is provided which maintains a predetermined strength and shape until it is heated and increased in temperature to a desired temperature and then can collapse, after a lapse of a predetermined time. The collapsible material of the present invention is characterized by comprising a base formed of a hydrate of a hydraulic material and unexpanded vermiculite particles dispersed in the base. In the collapsible material of the present invention, it is preferable that the hydraulic material is formed of at least one of cement and gypsum and the unexpanded vermiculite particles are contained in an amount of 0.5 to 15 wt %. Also, in the collapsible material of the present invention, it is preferable that ash balloon particles are contained in an amount of 0.5 to 20 wt %. Further, in the collapsible material of the present invention, it is preferable that a coating film formed of a hydrate of the hydraulic material and silica powder is formed on the surface of the base.