Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing polyhalogenated compounds in incineration plants comprising at least one combustion chamber. The aim of the invention is to provide a more efficient method. To achieve this, SO2 is separated from the flue gas in at least one gas washer and is recirculated to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A process for improving the operation of combustors includes the steps of burning a carbonaceous fuel in a combustor system and determining combustion conditions within the combustor system that can benefit from a targeted treatment additive, wherein the determinations are made by calculation including computational fluid dynamics and observation The process further includes locating introduction points in the combustor system where introduction of the targeted treatment additive could be accomplished. Based on the previous steps, a treatment regimen for introducing the targeted treatment additive to locations within the combustor system results in one or more benefits selected from the group consisting of reducing the opacity of plume, improving combustion, reducing slag, reducing LOI and/or unburned carbon, reducing corrosion, and improving electrostatic precipitator performance. The targeted treatment additive comprises an alloy represented by the following generic formula (Aa)n(Bb)n(Cc)n(Dd)n( . . .

Abstract: Improvements in methods by which new or used coal fired boilers whether designed for coal or oil or natural gas firing can substantially improve their technical operation and reduce their capital and operating costs by implementing process steps that (a) minimize the adverse impacts of coal ash and slag on boiler surfaces and particulate emissions, which will improve coal combustion efficiency and facilitate the use of oil or gas designed boilers for coal firing, (b) drastically reduce the loss of water used to transport coal in slurry form to power plants, (c) minimize the combined total nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), mercury (Hg), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, (d) separate and permanently sequester carbon dioxide and (e) improve the coal and solid fuel combustion efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes and apparatuses for reducing the content of pollutants in a boiler system flue gas resulting from combustion of fuel. The present invention discloses improved slurry injection techniques, re-circulation of flue gas to provide momentum to the injected slurry, a measurement system for obtaining system profile information and a system to optimize the reduction of pollutants in a flue gas by adjusting the injection of slurry suspension based on system profile information.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace includes feeding coal, which contains mercury or mercury-containing material, to a main furnace which produces flue gas. The method further includes feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner which produces a slipstream of flyash, feeding the slipstream of flyash from the auxiliary burner into the flue gas produced by the main furnace, and introducing a mercury-active oxidant to the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air fed to the auxiliary burner, and/or the flyash.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vacuum incineration apparatus for waste disposal and a vacuum preservation method thereof. The present invention provides a vacuum incineration apparatus for waste disposal and a vacuum preservation method thereof, which are capable of effectively preventing harmful substances from being produced by forcibly sucking in gases generated from thermally-decomposed waste in an incinerator. By sequentially operating a plurality of vacuum regulating tanks for forcedly and instantly sucking in gas generated from waste when the waste is treated, it is possible to keep a space where the waste is thermally decomposed in a complete vacuum state.

Abstract: A fired equipment system and process for operating same is provided that combines stationary industrial burner technology and a catalyst bed that converts pollutants formed during combustion of fuel and air in the burner to yield stack gases that need no further treatment before discharge to the atmosphere. The system and process disclosed reduces CO, NOx and VOC's by at least 90 to 95%.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solid fuel boiler including: a furnace including a plurality of solid fuel burners and a furnace wall to perform horizontal firing; a duct through which a part of combustion exhaust gas recirculates to a furnace from a downstream side of the furnace; heat exchanger tubes disposed on a furnace wall and in a heat recovery area of the furnace; and recirculation gas ports via which the recirculation gas is supplied to a reducing flame portion of the burners in the furnace without combining the gas with a flame in the vicinity of an outlet of the burner, so that molten ash is prevented from firmly sticking to the furnace wall and thermal NOx, fuel NOx, and unburned carbon.

Abstract: The efficiency of selective non-catalytic reduction reactions for converting NOx in a flue gas to molecular nitrogen is improved by producing the flue gas from combustion of fuel with oxidant having an oxygen concentration above that of air.

Abstract: Internal combustion engine exhaust filter devices and the like are regenerated by placement in a reclamation or burn-off furnace, raising the temperature to at least about 800° F. to 900° F. and conducting relatively low volumes of low pressure air through the filter media to combust entrapped particulates and other materials residing on the filter media. The reclamation furnace includes an afterburner for combusting materials discharged from the filter devices into the furnace chamber so that complete combustion of materials is accomplished before discharge from the furnace. The flow of combustion air for the filter devices is controlled by manifolding and valving connected to a source and the oxygen content of combustion air may be enhanced by a separate source of oxygen injected into the combustion air flow stream.

Abstract: A combustion boiler for burning fuel and producing heat to generate steam. A method of minimizing discharging of nitrogen oxides from a combustion boiler comprising the steps of spraying a reducing agent into an overfire air stream and supplying the overfire air stream to the combustion boiler. Vaporizing the sprayed reducing agent at least within about 0.1 seconds of the sprayed reducing agent entering the combustion boiler and reacting the vaporized reducing agent with the nitrogen oxides within the combustion chamber to reduce the nitrogen oxides and minimize discharge of nitrogen oxides from the combustion boiler.

Abstract: An organically complexed nanocatalyst composition is applied to or mixed with coal prior to or upon introducing the coal into a coal burner in order to catalyze the removal of coal nitrogen from the coal and its conversion into nitrogen gas prior to combustion of the coal. This process leads to reduced NOx production during coal combustion. The nanocatalyst compositions include a nanoparticle catalyst that is made using a dispersing agent that can bond with the catalyst atoms. The dispersing agent forms stable, dispersed, nano-sized catalyst particles. The catalyst composition can be formed as a stable suspension to facilitate storage, transportation and application of the catalyst nanoparticles to a coal material. The catalyst composition can be applied before or after pulverizing the coal material or it may be injected directly into the coal burner together with pulverized coal.

Abstract: A method for co-producing electric power and urea from carbonaceous fuels such as coal, by pyrolizing the coal with oxygen to produce a raw rich gas and a hot char which is gasified with air to produce a raw lean gas. Subsequent to the cleaning of the two gases, the cleaned rich gas is made up of CO and 2H2, and the clean lean gas is made up of N2+CO. The CO in the rich gas is separated from the 2H2 and is added to the lean gas to enrich it with CO to become a lean fuel gas which fuels a gas turbine and is part of a combined cycle system which efficiently generates electric power while exhausting an off-gas (flue gas) made up of N2+CO2. The 2H2 separated from the CO, and the N2+CO2 of the exhausted flue gas are together synthesized to produce urea —CO (NH2)2.

Abstract: A steam-generating combustion system includes an oxygen enriched gas provided as at least part of an oxidant stream. A combustion chamber receives and combusts a fuel in the oxidant stream and generate steam. The combustion chamber generates flue gas having a flue gas volume which is smaller than a volume of flue gas generated by the combustion chamber when operated with air as the oxidant stream. A flue gas pollutant control system receives the flue gas from the combustion chamber and reduces at least one of particulate matter, SOx, NOx, and mercury. The reduction in flue gas volume allows the implementation of much smaller pollutant control equipment, since the size of the pollutant control units is mainly based on the volume or mass flow rate of flue gas to be treated. Moreover, the system including oxygen-enriched gas in the oxidant will lead to concentrated levels of the pollutants in the flue gas.

Abstract: There is provided a method of incinerating a waste material to process incineration residues produced in a gasification furnace easily with existing equipment. A combustible gas generated when a waste material A is dry-distilled in a gasification furnace 1 is introduced into a combustion furnace 3 and combusted therein. The combustible gas is generated in the gasification furnace 1 in order to keep the temperature in the combustion furnace 3 at a temperature capable of melting incineration residues. The incineration residues are charged into the combustion furnace 3 while the combustible gas is being combusted therein, and melted into a melted material B that is discharged from an outlet 3 of the combustion furnace 3 into a receptacle 33 in which the melted material B is solidified. Air supplied to an air jacket 6 and oxygen supplied to the gasification furnace 1 and the combustion furnace 3 are heated by a heat exchange with waste gases from the combustion furnace 3.

Abstract: A method for reducing nitrogen oxides of a recovery boiler, and a recovery boiler, where the furnace of the recovery boiler is supplied with primary air from primary air nozzles, black liquor from liquor nozzles, secondary air from secondary air nozzles above the primary air nozzles but still below the liquor nozzles, tertiary air from tertiary air nozzles above the liquor nozzles, and quaternary air from quaternary air nozzles above the tertiary air nozzles. Black liquor is supplied to the furnace from first liquor nozzles and second liquor nozzles, which liquor nozzles are arranged substantially on the same level with respect to the height of the furnace, and the droplet size of liquor fed from the second liquor nozzles is substantially smaller than the droplet size of liquor fed from the first liquor nozzles.

Abstract: A flue gas treatment system for a fossil-burning power plant having a fuel source and a boiler includes a barrier filter downstream of the boiler, the barrier filter including an electrostatically-stimulated fabric filter utilizing high-permeability fabric, having an air permeability of at least 75 acfm/sq.ft. A method of treating flue gas includes generating a flue gas; and passing substantially 100% of the flue gas from a boiler directly through an electrostatically-stimulated fabric filter incorporating high-permeability fabric with an air permeability of at least 75 acfm/sq.ft.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for operating a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a furnace with a discharge port for exhaust gas, and a particle separator having an inlet connected to the exhaust gas discharge port and an outlet duct for the exhaust gas and a return duct for separated solids. The method includes the steps of arranging a bypass duct bypassing the particle separator, and conducting a partial flow of exhaust gas along the duct for increasing the fly ash content in the exhaust gas after the separator. The bypass duct is advantageously provided with means for controlling the flow of exhaust gas in the bypass duct.

Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reforming converts carbonaceous compounds into a fuel for use in generating electrical power. Energy rich hydrocarbon fuels, such as coal, marine diesel, oils, and hydrocarbon wastes are employed as a feedstock for the ICP, which transforms the feedstock into a fuel that can be used by fuel cells and gas turbines for the production of electricity. The overall efficiency of an ICP-based electrical power system can be increased by providing partial oxidation within the reaction vessel. The partial oxidation conditions consume a small amount of the reformed fuel gas, thereby liberating sufficient thermal energy to reduce the electrical power requirements of the ICP to maintain desired reactor temperatures, and providing an increase in the overall net electrical power production. The integrated power production system can also adjust to meet an increased requirement for process heat and steam by balancing the effect of partial oxidation.

Abstract: A method of removing mercury or mercury-containing material from flue gas produced by a coal-burning main furnace includes feeding coal, which contains mercury or mercury-containing material, to a main furnace which produces flue gas. The method further includes feeding the coal to an auxiliary burner which produces a slipstream of flyash, feeding the slipstream of flyash from the auxiliary burner into the flue gas produced by the main furnace, and introducing a mercury-active oxidant to the coal being fed to the auxiliary burner, the combustion air fed to the auxiliary burner, and/or the flyash.

Abstract: The present invention is a system and method of reducing nitrogen oxides in coal combustion exhaust gases and preventing fire and explosion in pulverized coal systems. The present invention first cools the flue gas exiting a boiler of the pulverized coal system with an air preheater. The present invention removes any particles such as fly ash from the cooled flue gas with an electro-static precipitor or a bag house and recirculates the flue gas. The temperature of the recirculated flue gas is adjusted to a desired temperature and is injected into the pulverizer with combustion air from the air preheater, creating a safer environment for pulverizing the fuel. This mixture of pulverized fuel, air and flue gas is then burned in the boiler, resulting in a cleaner output containing significantly less nitrous oxide.

Abstract: A method for capturing mercury in a flue gas formed by solid fuel combustion including: combusting coal, wherein mercury released during combustion is entrained in flue gas generated by the combustion; generating a thermally activated carbon-containing sorbent by partially gasifying a solid fuel in a gasifier local to the combustion of solid fuel; injecting the gasified gas products into the combustion of coal; injecting the thermally activated sorbent in the flue gas, and collecting the injected sorbent in a waste treatment system.

Abstract: A power plant may include a furnace, a coal supply, and a sorbent supply. The furnace may have at least one face with a distribution of a plurality of injectors. The coal supply may be in communication with the furnace. The injectors may be in communication with the source of sorbent and provide injection thereof into the furnace. The sorbent may include an alkaline powder having at least one calcium compound, silica, and alumina.

Abstract: Combustion of hydrocarbon liquids and solids is achieved with less formation of NOx by feeding a small amount of oxygen into the fuel stream.

Abstract: Plume is mitigated by targeting treatment chemicals to locations in a furnace, which are connected with plume opacity. The effectiveness of targeted in furnace injection, in fuel introduction and in furnace introduction of slag and/or corrosion and/or plume control chemicals are determined, as are the effectiveness of targeted in furnace injection, in fuel introduction and in furnace introduction of combustion catalysts. Then, the effectiveness of various combinations of the above treatments are determined, and a treatment regimen employing one or more of the above treatments is selected. Preferred treatment regimens will contain at least two and preferably three of the treatments. Chemical utilization and boiler maintenance can improved as LOI carbon, slagging and/or corrosion are also controlled.

Abstract: In a rotating grate having a rotational-symmetrical shape having an axis of rotation which is inclined against a horizontal plane by more than 34°, and which encloses a combustion chamber for the combustion of slag-forming fuel, which is locked on a lower end and is open at an upper end and is defined by meridionally extending carrier arms that are hollow and are connected to a compression air source and are provided with blow openings directed into the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber has a spherical shape, or in the borderline case a cylindrical shape with a radially extending lower front side, the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation against the horizontal is between 36° and 46°, the carrier arms in the combustion chamber are flush with the remaining grate surface, and the inner contour of the combustion chamber encloses an angle of 90° with the axis of rotation in the area of the closed end.

Abstract: A method of recycling building materials is described, including the steps of introducing the building material into a cement kiln or a boiler, and combusting a combustible portion of the building material as a fuel within the kiln or boiler. The noncombustible portion of the building material is incorporated into a clinker material within the kiln or used to reduce emissions form the boiler.

Abstract: Manganese is added to a combustion fuel, combustion air, or the resulting combustion exhaust gas in order to improve the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator in collecting the resulting fly ash. Further, manganese or other flame suppressant is added to a fuel, and/or combustion air, or combustion exhaust gas stream in order to reduce back-corona discharge that could otherwise occur in an electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: A system for reducing fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from asphalt cement production facilities which utilizes a recycle stream to reduce organic compound and carbon monoxide concentrations and a sorbent to reduce pollutant concentration prior to discharging the exhaust from the kiln system.

Abstract: A process for removal of a pollutant from a flue gas. An alkaline admixture is coated with a coating agent that improves dispersability and delays calcination of the alkaline admixture within a combustion zone and results in a coated alkaline admixture. The coated alkaline admixture is introduced to the boiler to create a reaction that removes the pollutants from the flue gas.

Abstract: A process for controlling both fireside ash deposits and corrosion, and fouling, corrosion, and emissions due to SO3 formation within a fossil-fuel-fired combustion system, such as a furnace forming part of an electrical power generating plant. A solution of a soluble magnesium compound, which can be derived from wastes, such as the bleed stream from the power plant's SO2 scrubber, is injected into the combustion products within the furnace in the form of a fine spray and at a point at which the temperature is sufficiently high to produce submicron-size MgO particles. The SO3 reacts with the MgO particles to form MgSO4. Insoluble magnesium compounds can be added to the solution to produce larger (micron sized) MgO particles on thermal decomposition. The micron-sized MgO particles are deposited on furnace surfaces to reduce ash deposits and to reduce catalytic generation of SO3. The boiler wastes can be reacted with other industrial process waste products to provide marketable chemicals.

Abstract: A combustion boiler for burning fuel and producing heat to generate steam. A method of minimizing discharging of nitrogen oxides from a combustion boiler comprising the steps of spraying a reducing agent into an overfire air stream and supplying the overfire air stream to the combustion boiler. Vaporizing the sprayed reducing agent at least within about 0.1 seconds of the sprayed reducing agent entering the combustion boiler and reacting the vaporized reducing agent with the nitrogen oxides within the combustion chamber to reduce the nitrogen oxides and minimize discharge of nitrogen oxides from the combustion boiler. The reducing agent is nearly substantially instantaneous evaporated/gasified by the high energy of the reducing agent injection system.

Abstract: The process for minimizing the concentration of toxic organic compounds in the fly dusts of incineration plants comprises, when special combustion conditions are detected which lead to the formation of organic pollutants, in particular dioxins/furans and/or precursor compounds of dioxins/furans, recirculating the fly dusts produced in the incineration plant to the combustion process for destruction of these compounds.

Abstract: A method to reduce mercury in gas emissions from the combustion of coal is disclosed. Mercury emissions can be reduced by staging combustion process and/or reducing boiler excess oxygen. Fly ash formed under combustion staging conditions is more reactive towards mercury than fly ash formed under typical combustion conditions. Reducing boiler excess oxygen can also improve ability of fly ash to adsorb mercury.

Abstract: A management tool that allows a manager to review historical data and perform forecasting simulations relating to pollutant emissions from power plants and the like is disclosed. The management tool allows the outcomes of various pollution control strategies to be simulated so that the pollution control strategy which yields the optimum result for the utility company can be selected. The system of the present invention uses real time data to automatically update the input parameters to the decision making process and revise the forecasted outcomes for the various strategies considered. The management tool of the present invention includes a computer programmed to perform the aforementioned simulations and one or more continuous emission monitors (CEMs) which are in constant communication with the computer.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to the use of feedlot biomass as reburn fuel matter to reduce NOx emissions. According to one embodiment of the invention, feedlot biomass is used as the reburn fuel to reduce NOx. The invention also includes burners and boiler in which feedlot biomass serves a reburn fuel.

Abstract: A method for operating a cyclone combustor having first and second burners in communication with a barrel includes: feeding a stream of a primary fuel and a primary oxidant having a first oxygen concentration into the first burner; feeding a stream of a secondary fuel and a secondary oxidant having a second oxygen concentration greater than or equal to the first oxygen concentration into the second burner; combusting at least a portion of the primary fuel with at least a portion of the primary oxidant in the barrel of the cyclone combustor, thereby forming a plurality of primary products of combustion in the barrel; and combusting at least a portion of the secondary fuel with at least a portion of the secondary oxidant, thereby forming a plurality of secondary products of combustion and a secondary flame, the secondary flame generating a supplemental radiant heat in the barrel.

Abstract: A solid fuel fed combustor method having a first chamber portion with an inlet feeding a metered amount of a solid fuel to a first burner stage having a first traveling conveyor firebelt. A metered amount of air is introduced in progressively increasing proportions along the length thereof to cause endothermic reduction of the solid fuel. The first stage feeds a second burner stage having a second traveling conveyor firebelt. Air is introduced in a progressively decreasing amount along the length of the second traveling conveyor firebelt to induce exothermic combustion and decomposition of fuel. The amount of air introduced and speed of the conveyors are controlled to minimize the quantity of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides and other pollutants. Radiative energy generated from fuel traveling on the traveling conveyor firebelts is reflected on fuel traveling on the first firebelt.

Abstract: Fuel such as coal is combusted by feeding fuel and gaseous oxidant containing more than 21 vol. % oxygen, and preferably 21.8 to 29 vol. % oxygen, to a combustion stage at a stoichiometric ratio below that at which, if the stage were operated with air as the only oxidant, the same amount of NOx would be produced, and combusting the fuel and oxidant in said stage to produce combustion products and unburned fuel.

Abstract: A process for incinerating combustible materials including the steps of: delivering combustible material and inlet gases to a primary combustion chamber, the inlet gases having an oxygen content of at least 50 vol %; burning the combustible material with the oxygen of the inlet gases in the primary combustion chamber producing flue gases and solid particulates as thermal decomposition products of the burnt combustible material; passing the flue gases and particulates to a secondary combustion chamber where further combustion occurs; cooling the flue gases exiting the secondary combustion chamber; returning a portion of the cooled flue gases to at least one of the combustion chambers where the cooled gases moderate the temperature in the at least one chamber; and passing the remaining portion of cooled flue gases on to a flue gas purification system where pollutants in the flue gases and particulates are substantially converted to benign compounds or removed entirely before the flue gases are emitted into the

Abstract: A portable miniature incinerator is described allowing easy disposal of household garbage for a single-family house or a small apartment building. The housing of the incinerator is mounted on a wheeled hand-truck assembly and contains an incineration block and a filtration block. The incineration block in turn comprises a furnace chamber equipped with an electric heater. The heater is adapted to bring the temperature of the air and therefore the temperature of the garbage up to the point of spontaneous combustion. During the process of heating up the garbage, it becomes dry as the fans of the device remove all water evaporation. Once ignited, the garbage is incinerated in the furnace chamber while all exhaust gases are directed to the filtration unit. The filtration unit has a first stage of filtration comprising a wire mesh separator submerged in water. Exhaust gases pass through the mesh separator and through the water so that the pollutants and exhaust particles are separated from the exhaust gases.

Abstract: A device for producing a rotating flow in a rectangular flow duct which has a flue-gas outlet of an incineration plant, in particular of a garbage incineration plant, and a transition region from a combustion chamber of the incineration plant to the flue-gas outlet. First wall sections on two opposite walls define the flow duct and have a wall width b. The first wall sections have a length l1 of at least approximately 0.4b<0.8b. These first wall sections, with the center longitudinal axis of the flow duct as axis of symmetry, are centrosymmetrically opposite one another and are defined on the one side by the adjacent wall. In the first wall sections, first nozzles for media which can be emitted in the form of a jet are oriented in a row in an injection plane in such a way that they inject a jet into the injection plane, the angle lying in the injection plane between the wall and an injected jet being at least approximately 90°.

Abstract: A calcium hydroxide slurry is injected into the off gases in the exhaust duct of an industrial plant which burns sulfur containing fuels. The calcium hydroxide slurry reacts with SO3 produced as a result of the combustion process and forms a primary solid calcium sulfate reaction product. The calcium sulfate can then be removed in a particulate removal station in the plant.

Abstract: There is disclosed a solid fuel boiler including: a furnace including a plurality of solid fuel burners and a furnace wall to perform horizontal firing; a duct through which a part of combustion exhaust gas recirculates to a furnace from a downstream side of the furnace; heat exchanger tubes disposed on a furnace wall and in a heat recovery area of the furnace; and recirculation gas ports via which the recirculation gas is supplied to a reducing flame portion of the burners in the furnace without combining the gas with a flame in the vicinity of an outlet of the burner, so that molten ash is prevented from firmly sticking to the furnace wall and thermal NOx, fuel NOx, and unburned carbon.

Abstract: A steam-generating combustion system includes an oxygen enriched gas provided as at least part of an oxidant stream. A combustion chamber receives and combusts a fuel in the oxidant stream and generate steam. The combustion chamber generates flue gas having a flue gas volume which is smaller than a volume of flue gas generated by the combustion chamber when operated with air as the oxidant stream. A flue gas pollutant control system receives the flue gas from the combustion chamber and reduces at least one of particulate matter, SOx, NOx, and mercury. The reduction in flue gas volume allows the implementation of much smaller pollutant control equipment, since the size of the pollutant control units is mainly based on the volume or mass flow rate of flue gas to be treated. Moreover, the system including oxygen-enriched gas in the oxidant will lead to concentrated levels of the pollutants in the flue gas.

Abstract: A system and associated method of processing solid waste via a waste gasification process results in usable by-products. The method utilizes a rotary kiln heated to a temperature of at least 800° F. and a reduction chamber, heated to a temperature of at least 1800° F. The solid waste is slowly rotated in the kiln for six to eight hours. The solid material is passed through screens to separate the ash from other items. Gases are monitored and transported to the reduction chamber to generate power. The gases are then transported to at least one air pollution control unit to remove contaminants before being vented into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for combusting a fuel in a cyclone combustor having a burner and a barrel includes: feeding a stream of the fuel into the barrel at the burner end of the barrel; feeding a stream(s) of a first oxidant (e.g., air) having a first oxygen concentration into the barrel at a first flowrate, the stream(s) of the first oxidant including a predominant stream; feeding a stream(s) of a second oxidant (e.g., oxygen) having a second oxygen concentration into the barrel at a second flowrate and in a selective manner, whereby a portion of the first oxidant combines with a portion of the second oxidant, thereby forming a combined oxidant having a combined oxygen concentration, and a portion of the first oxidant from the predominant stream continues having the first oxygen concentration; and combusting a portion of the fuel with a portion of the combined oxidant in the barrel.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing cement clinker, comprising the steps of: a) providing a mixture of ground calcareous materials and ground argillaceous materials; b) heating the mixture of step a) to a temperature sufficient to calcine and fuse the ground materials to form the cement clinker, and thereby producing an exhaust gas containing CO2; c) catalysing the hydration of at least a portion of the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas and producing a solution containing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions; and d) adding to the solution obtained in step c) metal ions, and adjusting the pH of the solution to precipitate a carbonate or said metal. Preferably, the metal ions are Ca++ obtained from the dissolution of a material selected from the group consisting of CaCl2, cement kiln dust and sea salts and the carbonate is CaCO3 which is advantageously recycled into the process by adding the CaCO3 to the mixture of step a). A cement plant for performing this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to conduct 02/CO2 combustion or oxygen-enriched combustion. The boiler exhaust gas passes through a Gas Primer Sector (GPS) combined with the boiler to effect heat transfer to the combustion gas in indirect counter-flow heat exchange. Sharply reduced gas flows result from using largely moisture-free CO2 as diluent for O2 in the combustion gas which allows long residence time at low velocity for maximum heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the combustion gas. Most particulate drops out and most moisture is condensed from the cooled mostly CO2 exhaust gas. The larger portion is blended with oxygen for the combustion gas and reheated and returned to the boiler through the integrated GPS; the smaller portion is cleaned and separated, the CO2 released or recovered. The complete exhaust gas-combustion gas cycle may be 30 to 90 seconds and preferably about 60 seconds.

Abstract: A combustion-based system and related method includes a combustor for burning a combustible material, wherein an exhaust gas stream output by the combustor includes NO2 and at least one metal including mercury. An ultraviolet light source is in optical communication with the exhaust gas stream. Ultraviolet light from the light source photochemically dissociates at least a portion of the NO2 to form an NO2 reduced exhaust stream. A sorbent containing filter media receives the NO2 reduced exhaust stream and as a result of the reduction in NO2 provides improved trapping efficiency of mercury.