Abstract: Novel accelerated methods involving corona discharge, and preferably pulsed streamer high voltage corona discharge, in combination with an effective amount of suitable particles to break down organic contaminants, such as phenol and phenol red, in aqueous mediums are disclosed. More particularly, it has been discovered that the addition of an effective amount of suitable particles to the aqueous phase of a corona reactor greatly affects the properties of the corona discharge, i.e., streamer length, intensity, number of streamers and sparkover voltage, thereby significantly increasing the breakdown voltage (i.e., the maximum voltage prior to sparkover), so that the removal of organic contaminants may be accelerated, since the production of hydroxyl radicals, aqueous electrons and hydrogen peroxide increases with increases in the applied discharge voltage.

Abstract: There is provided a method of incinerating a waste material to process incineration residues produced in a gasification furnace easily with existing equipment. A combustible gas generated when a waste material A is dry-distilled in a gasification furnace 1 is introduced into a combustion furnace 3 and combusted therein. The combustible gas is generated in the gasification furnace 1 in order to keep the temperature in the combustion furnace 3 at a temperature capable of melting incineration residues. The incineration residues are charged into the combustion furnace 3 while the combustible gas is being combusted therein, and melted into a melted material B that is discharged from an outlet 3 of the combustion furnace 3 into a receptacle 33 in which the melted material B is solidified. Air supplied to an air jacket 6 and oxygen supplied to the gasification furnace 1 and the combustion furnace 3 are heated by a heat exchange with waste gases from the combustion furnace 3.

Abstract: Provided is a regenerative thermal waste incineration system for incinerating industrial waste sludge, urban waste, food refuse and sewage sludge originating from final by-products of chemical factory or sewage treatment plant using a regenerative thermal material.

Abstract: A solid-waste conversion plant produces useful products and electrical energy in a closed system with zero emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. The plant is characterized by catalytic ionic-impact chambers having a pair of electrodes that establish an electric arc. The electric arc breaks down solid waste molecules into a plasma of atomic constituents which exothermically recombine into simple molecules upon leaving the plasma. A primary chamber converts carbon-based waste into solidifiable metal, sulfur and glassy slag extractable from the bottom of the chamber, and into gas containing CO, H2, and CH4. A second chamber contains high carbon waste input that is converted by the arc into incandescent coke, which converts CO2 and H2O in the gas from the first chamber into more CO, H2 and CH4, thereby forming a fuel gas. The fuel gas is combusted in gas turbine generators to produce electricity for operating the electric arcs, plus a sellable surplus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to additives for coal-fired furnaces, particularly furnaces using a layer of slag to capture coal particles for combustion. The additive(s) include iron, mineralizer(s), handling aid(s), flow aid(s), and/or abrasive material(s). The iron and mineralizers can lower the melting temperature of ash in low-iron, high alkali coals, leading to improved furnace performance.

Abstract: The starting point is a process to improve the performance of the incineration of combustible waste material in an incineration chamber, whereby the waste material is conveyed to a burner flame where it is burned with combustion air at a temperature in the range from 1100° C. to 1700° C. [2012° F. to 3092° F.]. On this basis, in order to create a process that allows a capacity increase of installations employed for the exothermal incineration of waste materials, it is proposed according to the invention that at least part of the combustion air is replaced by an oxygen-rich gas having an oxygen content that is higher than that of air and that the oxygen-rich gas is mixed with a cooling medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for thermal combustion processes of matter such as, for instance, waste incineration. The system comprises a computer for measuring parameters of the combustion of the matter, wherein use, matter, such as for instance waste, is supplied to the system and combusted, thereby forming a flue gas. The system further comprises means for determining the concentration of CO2, O2 and H2O in the flue gas. The computer is arranged for determining, on the basis of the measured concentrations, the rate of combustion and/or the composition of the combustible part CHyOz of the waste supplied to the system, for the purpose of process control.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treating organic waste, which include determining the ignition threshold temperature for the organic waste and at least one mineral by-product, selecting a ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s) based on the determined ignition threshold temperature, combining the mineral by-product(s) with the organic waste, so as to arrive at a mixture having the selected ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s); and drying the mixture of organic waste and mineral by-product(s) to produce organic waste solids. The treatment methods of the present invention are methods of stabilizing the treated organic waste so as to control the tendency of the organic waste to ignite. Also provided are organic waste solids formed by the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: A reactor for gasifying and/or melting feed materials, the reactor including a charging section with a feed opening, through which the feed materials are charged to the reactor from above and a pyrolysis section which has an expanded cross section and is located below the charging section so that a discharge cone of the feed material can form. Gas supply devices, open into the pyrolysis section substantially at a level of the expanded cross section and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone. A melting and superheating section is located below the pyrolysis section and has a narrowing cross section. Upper injection devices are arranged so that an energy-rich medium is supplyable to the melting and superheating section immediately below a level of the narrowing section. A reduction section is located below the melting and superheating section. The reduction section has gas exhaust devices through which excess gases are exhausted.

Abstract: To improve slag quality, on a fired grate, at the end of the main combustion process, where burnable fractions are still present in addition to slag components which are already forming, the burnup rate or burnup intensity is changed by varying the primary air rate in sequential time sections, the time sections preferably being in a ratio of 1:1 and the reduced primary air rate being 50 to 70% of the standard primary air rate.

Abstract: A process is described for gasifying solid fuels at a constant rate with a small regulated amount of primary air followed by combustion of the gas so formed with a larger regulated amount of secondary air to produce a clean hot combustion gas which is used for process heat, space heating or cooking.

Abstract: A process for recovering the byproducts of a process that burns coal and for reusing the byproducts is disclosed. The process includes the steps of identifying a disposal site that contains the byproducts (typically flyash and bottom ash), removing at least a portion of the byproducts from the disposal site, analyzing a sample of the portion of the byproducts to determine the loss on ignition of the portion of the byproducts, introducing the portion of the byproducts along with pulverized coal into a pulverized coal furnace if the portion of byproducts have a loss on ignition greater than or equal to a predetermined loss on ignition value (typically greater than or equal to 1 to 5%), and burning the portion of the byproducts in the furnace with the pulverized coal to render the byproducts into a commercially valuable fly ash and bottom ash having very low loss on ignition, typically lower than 3%.

Abstract: Processes and systems are provided that include introducing ammonia liberated from organic waste to a coal burner in a coal burning power plant, preferably for NOx removal at the power plant. The ammonia is preferably either ammonia liberated upon drying a mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products or ammonia liberated when organic waste is mixed with coal combustion by-products and one or more alkaline additives. Also provided are processes and systems of fueling a coal burner of a power plant with coal and either a dried mixture of organic waste and coal combustion by-products, or a mixture of organic waste, coal combustion by-products and one or more alkaline additives. The present invention is further directed to mixtures of either organic waste and coal combustion by-products, or mixtures of organic waste, coal combustion by-products and alkaline additives made by the processes of the present invention.

Abstract: Methods and systems for treating organic waste, which include determining the ignition threshold temperature for the organic waste and at least one mineral by-product, selecting a ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s) based on the determined ignition threshold temperature, combining the mineral by-product(s) with the organic waste, so as to arrive at a mixture having the selected ratio of organic waste:mineral by-product(s); and drying the mixture of organic waste and mineral by-product(s) to produce organic waste solids. The treatment methods of the present invention are methods of stabilizing the treated organic waste so as to control the tendency of the organic waste to ignite. Also provided are organic waste solids formed by the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and device for decontaminating a contaminated hollow metal needle having electrical wires attached to the needle which heat cleaning fluid dispensed into the needle.

Abstract: The process for influencing the properties of incineration residues from an incineration plant, in particular a waste incineration plant, essentially consists in controlling the incineration in such a way that a sintering and/or fusing of the slag takes place as early as in the incineration bed of the main incineration zone, and that as yet unsintered or unfused incineration residues are separated off at the end of the incineration operation and fed back to the incineration operation.

Abstract: In the process for treating incineration residues, the incineration is controlled in such a way that a sintering and/or fusing of the slag takes place as early as in the incineration bed of the main incineration zone. The incineration residues produced are quenched in a wet slag remover and conveyed out of the latter. The wet incineration residues which come out of the wet slag remover are firstly divided into two fractions by means of a screening operation, after which the main fraction is washed with water taken from the wet slag remover, and in the process adhering fine pieces are separated off. The washed pieces of the incineration residues are fed for reuse. The washing water together with the ultra fine pieces which have been taken up during the washing operation pass into the wet slag remover. The fine fraction produced during the mechanical separation operation is fed back to the incineration operation.

Abstract: In the process for treating incineration residues from waste incineration plants, the incineration material is incinerated on a furnace grate. The incineration residues produced are quenched in a wet slag remover and conveyed out of the latter. The wet incineration residues which come out of the wet slag remover are firstly divided into two fractions by means of a screening operation, after which the main fraction is washed with water taken from the wet slag remover, and in the process adhering fine pieces are separated off. The washed pieces of the incineration residues are fed for reuse. The washing water together with the ultra fine pieces which have been taken up during the washing operation pass into the wet slag remover. The fine fraction produced during the mechanical separation operation is fed back to the incineration operation.

Abstract: A method for making harmless a material to be treated containing a pollutant, including the steps of arranging a pair of ejecting nozzles such that nozzle openings thereof are opposed to each other inside a pressure-proof furnace, thermally treating that material, ejecting the thermally treated material through each of the nozzle openings of the nozzles, respectively, and colliding the material ejected through one of the nozzles with that ejected through the other in a space inside the pressure-proof furnace and between a pair of the nozzle openings such that a portion of the pollutant of the material remaining non-decomposed by the thermal treatment may be decomposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing agglomeration, sintering and deposit formation resulting from the gasification or combustion of a solid carbonaceous fuel material comprising a combustible portion and a non combustible inorganic portion, which non combustible inorganic portion comprises 4 to 50 parts by weight of Kw+Naw, and 0 to 40 parts by weight of Siw, wherein Kw is potassium, Naw is sodium, and Siw is silicon, all calculated in parts by weight of the elements per 100 parts by weight of the inorganic portion, and optionally also chloride, phosphorus, calcium and sulphur which method is characterised in adding to the fuel before or during the gasification or combustion, Padded parts by weight of phosphorus compound calculated as P wherein the amount Padded is calculated in accordance with the formula I Padded=q1×(31/39 Kw+31/23 Naw−Pw−31/35,4 Clw)  (I) wherein q1=0.

Abstract: An apparatus for chemical synthesis or chemical abatement is disclosed which includes a processing chamber and a secondary chamber which is in communication with the processing chamber. The processing chamber is configured to generate an arc in the processing chamber. A magnetic field generator, such as an energized coil or permanent magnet, generates a magnetic field in the processing chamber, which induces the arc generated in the processing chamber to rotate. The apparatus further includes at least one injection port for introducing at least one waste medium into the processing chamber and into the rotating arc whereby the rotating arc transforms the waste medium into a plasma resulting in a disassociation of the chemical constituents comprising the waste medium which thereafter flow into the secondary chamber.

Abstract: Method of controlling the temperatures of an exothermic process carried out in a suspension of solids in a reactor system formed by a wind box (2), a vertical riser (5), which is essentially not cooled, a particle separator (6), at least one set of recycling channels (9), which are not cooled, and at least one cooled set of recycling channels (12). According to the invention, the flow of solids travelling through the recycling channel (9), which is no cooled, as adjusted based on the temperature difference (T2−T1) between the upper and lower parts of a riser (5), which is not cooled, and the flow of solids travelling through the heat exchanger (12) is adjusted based on the temperature (T1) of the lower part or the temperature (T2) of the upper part of the riser tube. The control of the riser temperature is thus exclusively based on the regenerative heat transfer of the solids returned from the heat exchangers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of creating a high combustion rate in a combustor used to burn combustible matter. The combustor comprising a cylindrical combustion chamber extending vertically with at least one side loading bin for loading combustible matter into the combustion chamber while combustion is ongoing. The combustor creates a high combustion rate by inducing an acoustic excitation and an ascending vortex in hot gases that is reflected by a conical surface, converting the ascending vortex to a descending vortex. The shear between the ascending and descending vortices increases mixing. The descending vortex acts to separate the small, fully-combusted particles from larger particles that are thrown by centrifugal force back into the combustion zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for disposing of hazardous or high-energy materials, in which the latter are caused to undergo a reaction in a pressure-proof housing under controlled conditions, the end products of which reaction are non-hazardous, as well as an apparatus for disposing of hazardous or high-energy materials with a pressure-proof housing in which the materials may be caused to undergo a reaction under controlled conditions, the end products of which reaction are non-hazardous.

Abstract: This describes a method for producing cement clinker using petroleum coke with a sulfur content over 4.5% by weight, in conventional equipment and facilities, wherein said method comprises the treatment of the raw mixture to synergistically improve its physical-chemical characteristics combined with the parameter control of the process, in such a way as to obtain a reduction of the clinkering temperature, all as a heretofore-unappreciated way to reduce, as a result, the concentration of SO3 in the calcinated material fed to the rotating kiln, and also usefully increasing with this the calcium sulfate content in the clinker.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a resource recovery exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while it is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing it to thermally decompose.

Abstract: To create a calcinator for a cement clinker production line which is connected to the rotary tubular kiln in series and which is equipped with double firings, in which it is possible expediently to dispose of lumpy combustibles such as unchipped used tires and/or other lumpy secondary combustibles by pyrolysis or potentially by combustion for the purpose of the high-grade calcination of the cement raw meal, without the pyrolysis process interfering with the calcination process, while simultaneously ensuring an exhaust gas having low NOx emissions, it is inventively proposed to slide the lumpy fuel such as old tires onto a displacement mechanism such as a grate that is transversely disposed in an additional tertiary air channel in the area of the junction with the exhaust gas channel of the rotary kiln, the lumpy fuel being pyrolized or burned on this mechanism with the aid of a tertiary air substream whose volume can be regulated, and the residue of the pyrolysis or combustion being pushed from said displacem

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combusting black liquor generated by semi-chemical and other pulping processes, using a draft airflow furnace such as a rotating kiln, and a lower end mixing nozzle for black liquor and combustion air. A combustion agent is added to the black liquor to support ignition and permit a closely controllable combustion plume or flame adjacent the nozzle. Resulting combustion is complete and well below government environmental air emission standards. Chemical recovery is efficient, clean, and free from products of incomplete combustion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an incinerator with a ceramics filter for incinerating raw refuse, general garbage, expanded polystyrene and others generated from a manufacturing plant, a wholesale market, a general firm, a general retail store, a general house and others. According to the present invention, air intakes having a check valve provided thereto are formed to right and left lower portions of an incinerator; an oast is set in a combustion chamber; a tabular ceramics filter for removing a harmful substance is attached to the upper portion of the oast; and a suction port is formed to the upper portion of the tabular ceramics filter.

Abstract: A system for combustion and removal of residual carbon within fly ash particles in which the fly ash particles are fed into a particulate bed within a reactor chamber. The fly ash particles are subjected to heat and motive air such that as the fly ash particles pass through the particulate bed, they are heated to a sufficient temperature to cause the combustion of the residual carbon within the particles. The fly ash particles thereafter are conveyed in a dilute phase for further combustion through the reactor chamber away from the particulate bed and exhausted to an ash capture. The fly ash is then separated from the exhaust air that conveys the ash in its dilute phase with the air being further exhausted and the captured fly ash particles being fed to a feed accumulator for re-injection to the reactor chamber or discharge for further processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating an aqueous-containing sludge in which the sludge is filtered on an elongate moving sheet of a water permeable unwoven fabric on paper. The moving sheet is folded and compressed between rollers whereby to express water therefrom. The folded moving sheet and contained sludge is dried, and the dried sheet and sludge is incinerated. Combustion heat from the incineration step is used in the drying step.

Abstract: A thermo-oxidizer evaporator is provided with a combustion chamber, burners, and waste water injection system. The waste water injection system is preferably adapted to atomize the waste water stream. The waste water is injected near the flame from the burners so as to evaporate water in the waste water stream and combust contaminants in the waste water stream. The water leaves the combustion chamber as vapor, and contaminants collect at the bottom of the combustion chamber as dry ash. Heat exchange apparatus heats air prior to injection into the combustion chamber. A temperature controller controls fuel and air flow into the combustion chamber. Baffles in the combustion chamber increase the residence time to facilitate the settling of solid constituents from the gas stream leaving the combustion chamber. Methods for treating liquid wastes are also disclosed.

Abstract: The system includes a source of solid, liquid or sludge waste and a source of waste gas. A waste conversion device receives the solid, liquid or sludge waste and converts it into a hydrogen-rich gas. An internal combustion engine receives as fuel the hydrogen-rich gas and the waste gas and burns them to produce mechanical work. A generator is operatively connected to the internal combustion engine to generate electricity. Some of the generated electricity may be used to power the waste conversion device. The system allows for high-efficiency, lean-burn operation while reducing the amount of waste converted to hydrogen-rich gas.

Abstract: The present invention can provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently treating combustible waste, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing such a method. The present invention can further provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently treating even combustible waste containing a generation source of a volatile hazardous component, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing this. Furthermore, the present invention can provide a method for combustion treatment capable of efficiently recovering and making effective use of the heat of an exhaust gas discharged during a treatment of combustible waste, and a combustion treatment apparatus capable of realizing this. The aforementioned method for combustion treatment is a method for treating combustible waste, in which the combustible waste is subjected to combustion treatment in a rotary hearth furnace.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a refuse incineration plant and to a regulating system, in which, after the fire has been fanned, the generation of heat is made more uniform by regulating at least one of the operating parameters refuse metering, residence time on a grate, quantitative supply of primary air and quantitative preheating of primary air. To match the operating parameters to a varying calorific value of the refuse, the calorific value of the refuse is recorded as well as the standard regulating variables and is used to adapt the regulating means. The measure used for the calorific value is, for example, the moisture content of the flue gas generated during the incineration. Consequently, there is no need for the operator to estimate the calorific value and manually adapt the operating parameters accordingly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method of controlling the incineration temperature of industrial waste incineration processes such that the incineration emissions products comply with governmental regulations and operating and capital costs are minimal. Modifying the incineration temperature in response to changes in the emission products and the waste streams results in optimal and reliable control of the incineration process and the resultant incineration emissions. Capital and operating costs are reduced significantly as a result.

Abstract: A super-high temperature molecular thermal decomposition device comprises a high temperature thermal decomposition device, a smoke decomposition device, and an automatic control device; an exhausting tube installed between the high temperature thermal decomposition device and the smoke decomposition device. The high temperature thermal decomposition device includes a combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has a cover, two electrode plates, and two electrode rods. The bottom of the combustion chamber is paved with a plurality of ball shape light illuminator Therefore, the transient temperature of the light illuminator is above 3000 degree C. Therefore, the waste in the decomposition device are decomposed and gasified transiently. The gas from the exhausting tube will pass through the combustion chambers one by one. The working principle of each combustion chamber is identical to that of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Formation of dioxins in flue gases is inhibited by contacting the flue gas with at least one of sodium phosphite, calcium phosphate, sodium hypophosphite, and calcium as reducing agents preferably at a temperature in the range of from 150° C. to 850° C. Hydrogen chlorides are also rendered harmless by the contact with the reducing agent. Also, metal ions contained in the fly ash of the flue gas are reduced to metals to reduce the occurrence of dissolution of the metals in subsequent treatment of the fly ash.

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier has a gas producer. The gas producer includes an introducing portion provided in an upper portion for introducing solid biomass fuel 4, an air inlet 17 provided in a central portion, a fire grate 14 provided in a lower portion, and a product gas delivery portion provided below the fire grate. In this gasifier, there are provided fire-proofball laid layers in which a plurality of metal balls 15 are disposed in layers on the fire grate substantially uniform, and a preheating unit (such as a burner) for preheating the fire-proof balls. The metal balls 15 are preheated in advance to a predetermined temperature ranging from 500° C. to 800° C. before the solid biomass fuel is introduced into the producer. After that, the solid biomass fuel 4 is introduced into the producer, and gas produced in the producer is delivered from a portion below the fire grate.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to recover energy from waste by means of combustion of such waste in industrial furnaces, particularly of the rotary type, that has an external calciner, feeding such waste into the tertiary air duct of the calciner and burning the waste inside the duct itself, to efficiently make use of the energy produced by such combustion, as a contribution of the total cost of fuel necessary to operate the industrial furnace. The method and apparatus permit the elimination of hazardous wastes that are efficiently disassociated when burned sufficiently to produce effluents that are typically non-toxic, producing greatly reduced or even no atmospheric pollution nor environmental damage.

Abstract: A soil decontamination apparatus includes a pug mill with twin, side-by-side augers or shafts with paddles moving the soil along a treatment path. A roof over the pug mill includes burners directing flames toward the soil as it is moved through the device. The burners are preferably staggered from one side of the roof to the other and are directed at an angle into the mixing chamber. Conveyors carry the soil into the decontamination apparatus and away from it, and a screening device separates rocks and the like from the soil prior to treatment.

Abstract: A gasification and melting furnace for wastes has a vertically movable furnace center lance disposed along the axis of the furnace and adapted to blow off a combustion sustaining gas downward into the furnace. One or more stages of upper tuyeres are disposed so that the angle at which the combustion sustaining gas is blown off into the furnace is displaced from the furnace axis direction, and one or more stages of lower tuyeres projected into the furnace so as to blow off a combustion sustaining gas or both combustion sustaining gas and fuel toward the furnace axis. Formation of a low temperature region in the furnace are prevented and a fire spot is concentrated on the combustion of wastes. As a result, molten slag and various metals, as well as an energy gas, which are high in added value, can be recovered stably.

Abstract: A fluidized bed material including mineral particles of a gabbro class or darker rock type. The rock type includes several minerals and having a quartz content of 5 wt-% or less. The particles are made by comminuting a gabbro class or darker rock type. A fluidized bed process including performing a reaction or a processing of a material in a fludized bed reaction in connection with the fluidization of a fluidized bed material, wherein the fludization bed material includes particles of the gabbro class or darker rock type.

Abstract: A system for combustion and removal of residual carbon within fly ash particles in which the fly ash particles are fed into a particulate bed within a reactor chamber. The fly ash particles are subjected to heat and motive air such that as the fly ash particles pass through the particulate bed, they are heated to a sufficient temperature to cause the combustion of the residual carbon within the particles. The fly ash particles thereafter are conveyed in a dilute phase for further combustion through the reactor chamber away from the particulate bed and exhausted to an ash capture. The fly ash is then separated from the exhaust air that conveys the ash in its dilute phase with the air being further exhausted and the captured fly ash particles being fed to a feed accumulator for re-injection to the reactor chamber or discharge for further processing.

Abstract: Materials containing CH polymer chains are treated by a process comprising triggering combustion of the material in an environment insulated from the outside; removing gaseous combustion products from the environment under a vacuum; feeding combustion-supporting gas in a quantity insufficient to create centers of combustion while maintaining the environment under vacuum to favor a process of molecular decomposition of the material; condensing the gases, and collecting the condensate in a non-pressurized environment.

Abstract: A method of recycling building materials is described, including the steps of introducing the building material into a cement kiln, and combusting a combustible portion of the building material as a fuel within the kiln. The noncombustible portion of the building material is incorporated into a clinker material within the kiln.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling or removing mercury, mercury compounds and high molecular weight organics, if present, from a waste incineration apparatus exhaust stream by separately adding a carbonaceous char to the flue gas while the flue gas is still within the unit. The char can be produced in situ by adding a carbonaceous material and allowing the carbonaceous material to thermally decompose.

Abstract: An automated, computer-controlled landfill condensate injection system includes a pump that pumps condensate into a flare chamber at a pressure that is sufficiently high and through a nozzle that is configured to vaporize the condensate without requiring the use of high pressure air injected with the condensate. Secondary injection lines can also be provided that terminate in nozzles which are vertically staggered from each other along the chamber, to inject additional condensate into the flare and thus dispose of it at a higher rate depending on vaporization conditions. Computer-controlled valves can be provided in the lines for selectively opening and closing the lines.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of creating a high combustion rate in a combustor used to burn combustible matter. The combustor comprising a cylindrical combustion chamber extending vertically with at least one side loading bin for loading combustible matter into the combustion chamber while combustion is ongoing. The combustor creates a high combustion rate by inducing an acoustic excitation and an ascending vortex in hot gases that is reflected by a conical surface, converting the ascending vortex to a descending vortex. The shear between the ascending and descending vortices increases mixing. The descending vortex acts to separate the small, fully-combusted particles from larger particles that are thrown by centrifugal force back into the combustion zone.