Abstract: Waste burning means, gas treating means in communication with said waste burning means and gas separating means in communication with said gas treating means and waste burning means, said waste burning means includes a burning chamber and pressurized pyrolysis chamber, wherein burning chamber is being made such that it is capable of burning completely organic wastes thereof, whereby gas products of combustion are produced, and said pyrolysis chamber being made such that it is capable of converting plastic wastes into synthesis gases through utilization of heat from the burning chamber, heat exchanging means disposed within the burning chamber being arranged in a manner wherein water from a water source is capable of conversion into steam thereof through utilization of heat in the burning chamber, said gas treating means includes a secondary treatment chamber in communication with the burning chamber, wherein high temperature gas products of combustion coming from the burning chamber is capable of mixing with

Abstract: The teachings of the present disclosure provide methods and apparatus for enhanced incineration. A method for improving the performance of an incinerator may comprise separating one or more substances from a process fluid using a classifying centrifuge, ejecting a first substance from the classifying centrifuge, the first substance having characteristics optimized for incineration, incinerating the first substance, and using heat generated from the incineration of the first substance to enhance the combustion efficiency of an additional substance separated from the process fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas conditioning system for processing an input gas from a low temperature gasification system to an output gas of desired characteristics. The system comprises a two-stage process, the first stage separating heavy metals and particulate matter in a dry phase, and the second stage including further processing steps of removing acid gases, and/or other contaminants. Optional processes include adjusting the humidity and temperature of the input gas as it passes through the gas conditioning system. The presence and sequence of processing steps is determined by the composition of the input gas, the desired composition of output gas for downstream applications, and by efficiency and waste minimization.

Abstract: A process and related apparatus for the treatment of hazardous waste and an initially separate waste stream, the process comprising gasifying the waste stream in a gasification unit to produce an offgas and a char material; and plasma treating the offgas, and optionally the char material, in a plasma treatment unit to produce a syngas; and blending hazardous waste with the waste stream at a point in the process determined by the relative chemical and/or physical properties of the hazardous waste and the waste stream.

Abstract: Pyrolyzing gasification system and method of use including primary combustion of non-uniform solid fuels such as biomass and solid wastes within a refractory lined gasifier, secondary combustion of primary combustion gas within a staged, cyclonic, refractory lined oxidizer, and heat energy recovery from the oxidized flue gas within an indirect air-to-air all-ceramic heat exchanger or external combustion engine. Primary combustion occurs at low substoichoimetric air percentages of 10-30 percent and at temperatures below 1000 degrees F. Secondary combustion is staged and controlled for low NOx formation and prevention of formation of CO, hydrocarbons, and VOCs. The gasifier includes a furnace bed segmented into individual cells, each cell is independently monitored using a ramp temperature probe, and provided with controlled air injection. Gasifier air injection includes tuyere arrays, lances, or both.

Abstract: Combustion systems and processes are disclosed. A cross-limiting override control system is configured to transmit remote set points to flow controllers configured to control the flow rates of a primary firing fuel and air to a combustion apparatus. A temperature controller is configured to transmit a temperature demand signal based on a temperature in a combustion zone in the combustion apparatus. An analyzer controller is configured to transmit a stoichiometric ratio control signal based on an excess oxygen level exiting the combustion zone in the combustion apparatus.

Abstract: A process is described for obtaining energy from waste, comprising the following phases: a) bio-drying of municipal solid waste (MSW) to transform it into refuse-derived fuel (RDF), a dry, homogeneous material with piece size of around 20-30 cm, known by the name of RDF; h) compacting of the material obtained from phase a) into bales or BIOCUBr and storage of the BIOCUBI® in bioreactors; c) activation by wetting with water of the bioreactors to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion; d) combustion at the start of the material obtained from phase a) (RDF) and subsequently of the residue already digested in the bioreactors, and therefore not biodegradable, in a waste combustor provided with a system of purification of combustion gasses and production of superheated steam at approximately 400° C. and pressure of around 70 bar; e) combustion of the purified biogas in a conventional boiler provided with re-superheaters for raising the temperature of the steam produced by the waste combustor by approximately 100° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a system for producing bioethanol, wherein organic waste products of the production process, particularly DGS and DDGS, are combusted and the useful heat is fed back into the system itself. The combustion process takes place in a fluidized bed oven. All areas in which the combustion process takes place have sufficient heat removed that the melting point of the ash of the waste product, particularly 70° C., is not exceeded at any point. In this manner, a fine-grained ash forms and largely mixes into the fluidized bed and is easily disposed of. The useful heat is obtained partially from the flue gas arising from the combustion, and partially from the heat extracted from the combustion process for maintaining the maximum temperature.

Abstract: An eco-friendly system for generating thermal energy from waste biomass comprises a furnace, a set of boiler tubes placed on the top of the furnace, a rectangular or tubular structure housing the boiler tube and the furnace, an outlet for the flue gases leading to a cyclone, said cyclone carrying a tubular body for leading away a part of flue gases and fitted with a butterfly control valve for regulating flow of effluent gases, a tubular body connecting the body to the suction blower, a water tank, a hopper for waste biomass, and a fuel injection blower for introducing fuel inside the furnace by means of pressurized air jet blown through the pipe.

Abstract: An energy and steel recovery system has a suspension column and a plurality of suspension supports operably disposed therein wherein the supports are spaced from one another along the length of thereof. The suspension column includes a mechanism for receiving tires and other wastes with an energy value onto one of the supports and feeding the tires to an adjacent downwardly disposed support to further gasify the same under low oxygen to preclude combustion. The column is configured to provide for a number of zones including heating, drying, volatizing, and fixed carbon formation which are collectively referred to herein as a “fractionation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and systems of detecting useful material in a mixed solid, liquid and/or gaseous material stream. The methods include defining a value range requirement for at least one parameter of interest of useful material to be selected from the material stream, passing the material stream through at least one detector adapted to measure the parameter of interest of the material stream, and separating the material stream into useful material and residue based on the measured parameter. The systems comprise at least one detector adapted to measure a parameter of interest of the material stream passing therethrough; and at least one separator for separating the material stream into useful material and residue based on the measured parameter after passing through the detector. The system may further comprise treaters, processors, and controllers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plant and a process for the looping-type combustion of solid carbon-containing fuels with a carbon dioxide (CO2) flow output. Said process carries out the conversion of carbon without the help of solid carriers of the MyOx type, or of sulphate/sulphide type, and comprises the steps of: (i) Oxidation, wherein the carbon-containing solids are contacted with a gaseous flow comprising oxygen, for a time period and at a temperature sufficient to allow formation of a surface oxidized complex; (ii) Desorption, wherein the surface oxidized complexes generated by adsorption of oxygen in item (i) are released in a gaseous form by decomposition in the absence of O2.

Abstract: The combustion system for implementing the process has a combustion grate, hoppers below the combustion grate for supplying primary combustion gas through the grate and nozzles that lead into the furnace above the combustion grate to supply secondary combustion gas. At least one extraction duct for flue gas is provided at the rear end of the furnace above the combustion grate. This duct is connected to the suction side of a fan. The pressure side is connected to nozzles arranged in the upper area of the flue gas pass. The nozzle height allows the flue gases a residence time of at least 1 second after secondary gas is supplied.

Abstract: This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of high moisture waste materials to dry or low moisture products for recycle or reuse. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel and wherein the processing unit forms the dried material from the dryer vessel into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final product. Optionally, the systems and methods further provide for processing ventilation air from manufacturing facilities to reduce emissions therefrom.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for direct conversion of a used or waste material into a burnable fuel and to burnable fuels derived therefrom.

Abstract: This invention discloses systems and methods for conversion of manure to novel fertilizer and/or soil builder products useful as input for organic farming operations. The equipment systems comprise a gas turbine generator unit (preferred heat source), a dryer vessel and a processing unit, wherein the connection between the gas turbine and the dryer vessel directs substantially all the gas turbine exhaust into the dryer vessel and substantially precludes the introduction of air into the dryer vessel. The dryer vessel receives the manure for contact with the turbine exhaust gases to convert the manure to a dry material, which is passed to the processing unit where it is formed into granules, pellets or other desired form for the final dry fertilizer product. The method comprises drying, heating and converting the manure to form novel self binding fertilizer and soil builder type products for organic farming and other uses.

Abstract: The method of the invention for combustion of residues from refining petroleum in a boiler comprising a hearth and injectors is characterized in that cooled gas containing oxygen is injected into the hearth in the hottest region of said hearth. Injection into the very hot region of the hearth cracks tar or aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons and converts them into basic compounds that are easily combustible and therefore less pollutant.

Abstract: To suppress the generation of clinker so as to prevent the generation of a burning trouble, ceramic particles 30 are covered over a porous plate 4 to form a fire bed 3. Woody pellets 31 are scattered on the fire bed and combustion air is ejected from the lower side of the porous plate so as to burn the pellets. At the time of discharging ash generated by the burning to a secondary combustion space on the downstream side together with an air current of the combustion air or combustion gas, the ceramic particle layers and the woody pellet layer are stirred by a stirring section 21, 22 to thereby break clinker of the combustion ash formed in the fire bed, whereby the growth of the clinker is suppressed and the generation of a burning trouble is prevented.

Abstract: A system and method to permit fluidized combustion without requiring a separate fluidizing medium, such as sand. The system may include a combustion chamber, a fuel feed system coupled to the combustion chamber, an ignition system coupled to the combustion chamber, a fluidizing system coupled to the combustion chamber, where the fluidizing system includes a fuel and fluidizing medium formed from the same material, and a heat recovery system. The method may include delivering a pelletized fuel into a combustion chamber by a fuel feed system and onto a fluidizing plate, igniting the pelletized fuel with an igniter system coupled to the fluidizing plate, fluidizing the pelletized fuel after combustion is started in the absence of a fluidizing medium beyond the pelletized fuel, and heating a medium in a heat exchanger with combustion gases.

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing pollution from a flare stack includes a platform disposed on or near the top of the flare stack and a plurality of baffles and filters disposed on the platform. A first plurality of upwardly extending stainless steel baffles is disposed around the flare stack while a second plurality of baffles is disposed about the outer periphery of the platform. A first and a second plurality of filters are disposed between the first and second plurality of baffles. The first plurality of filters associated with a fan, blower or pump for drawing flare gas into and out of the filter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process (1) for the combustion of materials (X), comprising the steps of: (a) inserting the preferably compacted materials (X) in a reaction chamber (3) and closing the chamber (3); (b) injecting a flow of combustible gas and a corresponding flow of a comburent gas, which are in the correct stoichiometric ratio to each other, into the reaction chamber (3), so as to activate combustion of the materials (X); (c) continuing the thermochemical reaction of the oxidizable elements, for example carbon, with the oxygen present, without introducing any more gases; (d) injecting comburent gas to feed the thermochemical reactions of the oxidizable elements present in the materials (X), until the increase in temperature stops; (e) opening a throttle valve (5) to expel the gases, while continuing to introduce comburent gas at a substantially constant pressure until all remaining carbon has been oxidized, the strongly bound oxides have been subjected to pyrolysis and the metals present ha

Abstract: In a combustible energy recycling system and its method, the system includes an airtight incinerator body, a gas intake module and a blower. The incinerator body is filled with a combustible waste material, and the gas intake module installed in the incinerator body includes gas intake pipes, and one of the gas intake pipes is an ignition pipe for igniting the waste material in the incinerator body for a smoldering combustion, and an air outlet pipe of the blower is interconnected to the gas intake module for guiding outside air into the incinerator body, such that the outside air can move slowly upward with a high-temperature dense smoke produced in the smoldering combustion and surround every cross-section in the incinerator body for a uniform smoldering combustion, and a gas containing combustible energy in the dense smoke can be guided to a gas recycling mechanism for recycling and reusing the gas.

Abstract: A small scale integrated waste processing system for the thermal destructions of waste. The system comprises a compactor (12) for densifying waste and expressing air, a pyrolyzer (13) to receive waste delivered from the compactor, a gasifier (14) with an ash vessel (23) that receives dried waste, and an oxidizer (15) receiving gas from the gasifier to be combusted. Heat energy from the oxidizer can be routed back to the pyrolyzer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for controlling the addition of an auxiliary fuel to combustion of at least one combustible material in a combustion chamber. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the process, in which the concentration is measured in the flue gas of at least one pollutant formed by incomplete combustion. In a second step, the rate of the auxiliary fuel fed to the combustion is increased when the concentration of the at least one pollutant in the flue gas exceeds a predetermined upper limiting value, or is decreased when the concentration measured of the at least one pollutant falls below a predetermined lower limiting value. Measurement of the concentration and setting the rate of the auxiliary fuel is repeated until the measured concentration of the at least one pollutant in the flue gas is in a range between the lower and upper limiting values.

Abstract: An incinerator including a wet slag remover for discharging combustion residues that includes a tank configured to provide a water bath having a water surface adapted to receive the combustion residues. A heat insulation layer is configured to float on the water surface. The heat insulation layer includes a plurality floating bodies that are movable relative to one another.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system for combusting bridging fuel which includes biomass material. The apparatus includes an enclosure having a relatively thin wall defining a firebox. A combustion air manifold, and exhaust manifold, and heat exchanger are positioned along the center horizontal axis of the firebox. A fuel feed conveyor enters through the wall of the firebox and extends along the top of the firebox through a feed opening. A temperature sensor is positioned on the exterior of the wall of the firebox. A controller is operatively connected to the temperature sensor and the fuel feed conveyor. If the temperature sensor exceeds a set point, the controller automatically operates the fuel feed conveyor to refill the firebox with fuel. This can reinsulated the wall of the firebox so that fuel surrounds the combustion. Heat is extracted from the combustion by the heat exchanger while the exterior wall of the firebox is kept relatively cool by the insulating layer of fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for thermal processing of waste having organic and inorganic components comprises at least a treatment station, a cooling station and a treated material-removal station, and at least three crucibles. The treatment station is adapted to thermally treat the organic components and/or inorganic components located in a given one of the crucibles located at the treatment station. The so-treated components in this given crucible are adapted to then be cooled at the cooling station, before the treated components located in the given crucible are removed therefrom at the treated material-removal station. The three crucibles are mounted on a turntable so that the three crucibles are each at one of the stations, before synchronously all moving to each crucible's next station.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an installation for generating effective energy by gasifying waste. In the method and installation, waste such as garbage is introduced into a shaft-type melting gasifier, is dried in a reverse flow, is degassed, and is gasified while the solid residue is melted. The hot crude gases that are withdrawn from the melting gasifier (15) are fed to a hot gas steam generator (18) in which steam is admixed to the hot gas and the hot gas-steam mixture is conducted across the double turbine rotor (18.13) of a turbine (18.3) that drives a power generator (18.4), a preliminary reaction taking place at the same time. The pre-purified hot gas-steam mixture is then introduced into a downflow device (38) in which the mixture is cooled and pre-purified using sprayed water mixed with reactant and by repeatedly expanding, compressing, and foaming the mixture, the pre-purified gas being withdrawn and the liquid being collected.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for incinerating different types of combustible waste in a cement manufacturing process. Two combustion chambers for incinerating waste are arranged in series, with first combustion chamber being a down draft chamber in which there is a downward flow of combustion gas and waste fuel to a waste and gas outlet. The second chamber is adaptable to support waste on a supporting surface incorporated in the compartment, wherein the waste is transported through the compartment from a waste inlet to a waste outlet along a circular path.

Abstract: A control method for operating a waste incineration plant with a auxiliary burner is disclosed. A steam power is regulated as a function of a burner power of the auxiliary burner. For this purpose, on the basis of the burner power, a burner steam power is determined, which represents the contribution generated by the auxiliary burner fire to the steam power of the waste incineration plant.

Abstract: A two stage refuse gasification combustion system for processing refuse is disclosed. The system may contain features such as an advancer, a first and second gasifier, a drier, a gas regulator, and a post combustor. Additionally, methods for regulating gas and advancing refuse through a two stage refuse gasification combustion system are disclosed.

Abstract: A two stage refuse gasification combustion system for processing refuse is disclosed. The system may contain features such as an advancer, a first and second gasifier, a drier, a gas regulator, and a post combustor. Additionally, methods for regulating gas and advancing refuse through a two stage refuse gasification combustion system are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for combusting fuels, in particular waste, includes reducing the oxygen mass flow of the underfire combustion gas and increasing the oxygen mass flow of the overfire combustion gas in the event of an increase in the reaction rate or combustion intensity.

Abstract: A waste treatment system processes waste upon the application of energy. The system includes a vessel, and a plurality of plasma torches. Organic and/or inorganic waste may be introduced into the vessel, and the plasma torches may supply energy to treat the waste. The vessel is shaped to facilitate a cyclonic or substantially cyclonic flow of the contents within the vessel. The plasma torches may be positioned to enhance the cyclonic flow within the vessel.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus capable of firing biomass fuel including a burner assembly which includes a biomass nozzle concentrically surrounded by a core air zone and extending axially along the length of the core air zone, the burner assembly residing within a windbox, the windbox being attached to a furnace of a boiler, and the burner assembly being connected to the furnace by a burner throat, through which air and fuel supplied to the burner assembly are emitted into the furnace.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to batch de-coat the organics in metal scrap, and/or gasify the organics from certain types of waste material (including biomass, municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and sludge). The apparatus is suited for use on a batch tilting single entry rotary furnace of the type used to melt the metal scrap in the aluminum industry. The apparatus uses a burner in the tilting rotary furnace but does not necessarily melt the metal scrap. It preferably operates below the melting temperature of the metal scrap (<1400 F) and below the stoichiometric level (more specifically <12% oxygen) to partially combust the organic in the tilting rotary furnace. The gasified organics depart the furnace in a complete closed circuit where no air is allowed to entrain into the flue gases. These organic filled gases (synthetic gases) are fully incinerated in a separate thermal oxidizer where a stoichiometric burner uses either natural gas or liquid fuel to ignite the synthetic gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for incinerating domestic or industrial waste, in a reactor. The combustion is carried out under pressure and with a supply of pure oxygen in the reactor. In the absence of nitrogen, the vapors resulting from the steam expansion turbine are withdrawn in order to preheat the waste before entry thereof into the reactor, then the remaining gases are condensed with a view to the recovery thereof. A plant carrying out the process mainly includes an incineration line, a vapor circuit, a fuel supply line, a nitrogen circuit and an oxygen circuit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for burning industrial plant waste, equipment for burning such waste, and a steam-generating boiler that uses the calorific power of the waste for generating energy without polluting the atmosphere. The present process is carried out by controlling the viscosity of the waste, thus burning same out, and the generated steam is advantageously used for the generation of energy through a generator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for dry extracting/cooling heavy ashes and for controlling the combustion of high unburnt content residues, allowing to: extract heavy ash from the boiler bottom (12), foster and adjust post-combustion on the extractor belt (14) by combined use of comburent hot air and inert combustion fumes, already available in boiler, cool the ashes present on the belt and optionally re-circulating them—all or in part—in boiler, along with the fraction of light ashes of higher unburnt content.

Abstract: A furnace includes a chute extending from the back of a combustion chamber to allow for the material in the combustion chamber to be pushed into the chute and ejected from the chute by the force of new fuel being pushed into the furnace. No time is lost in cleaning out the furnace as the cleaning of the furnace happens as a byproduct of fuel being loaded into the furnace. The ease and efficiency of operation, in that the cleaning happens by performing the necessary task of loading the furnace with fuel, will allow furnace operation in a more simple, convenient, and safe manner without requiring the furnace to be shut down.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plasma gasification of waste materials consisting of organic and inorganic portions is provided which includes a refractory-lined reactor vessel, a feeder mechanism, and a DC electrode device. The refractory-lined reactor vessel has a processing chamber formed therein. The feeder mechanism feeds continuously waste materials into the processing chamber at a controlled feed rate. The DC electrode device is used for heating the processing chamber to a sufficient temperature so as to convert the organic portions of the waste materials to a synthetic gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and to a carbon particulate, and to convert the inorganic portions of the waste materials to a molten material consisting of a lower metallic layer and a slag layer formed on top of the metallic layer.

Abstract: Thermal oxidiser (1) for the oxidation of a feed liquid (W) comprising an elongated retort (3) provided with a combustion gas input lance (5), a feed liquid input lance (7), one or more flow straighteners (11) and an exhaust gas outlet (13) wherein said retort (3) comprises an elongated wall (15) with a first end plate (17) fastened to a first end (19) thereof and a second end plate (21) fastened to the second, opposite end (23) thereof, combustion gas input lance (5) projects substantially horizontally through first end plate (17) into said retort (3) and feed liquid input lance (7) projects downwards though the retort wall into said retort (3).

Abstract: A method and a plant for capturing CO2 from an exhaust gas from combustion of carbonaceous material are described. At least a part of the combustion gas is introduced into a biol fuel boiler as an oxygen containing gas, to increase the concentration of CO2 and decrease the oxygen concentration in the gas before introduction into an absorption column for separation of CO2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing oil drilling waste. According to the invention, oil drilling waste of one or more types is selected, and is introduced from the feeding tanks into a rotating kiln; and in the kiln, the oil drilling waste is processed at a temperature of 110 to 13500° C. to form granules having a compact-coated surface.

Abstract: A combustion system for extracting thermal energy from biomass or other formable fuels that does not require densification or other processing of the biomass prior to combustion. This system continuously feeds the biomass fuel from an auger or other conveyance system while simultaneously causing the biomass fuel to be formed with a hollow core. The biomass fuel is ignited from within the hollow core and burns primarily radially outward due to negative pressure surrounding combustion chamber thus facilitating and containing the combustion process. This system also utilizes pre-heating the fuel, primary and secondary air pre-heating, insulated combustion chambers, and carefully control combustion air to ensure substantial combustion is achieved even with fuels having high moisture content. In the preferred embodiment, a heat exchanger is utilized to capture thermal energy of combustion products for use as an energy source for additional processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of reutilization and method of shaping of waste plastic which reduces the amount of volatile ingredients and oil cake* to extents preferable as materials for coke ovens, enables the formation of plastic granular materials able to maintain suitable shapes even after charging into a coke oven, and does not require expensive facilities for treating any produced hydrogen chloride gas, that is, a method of reutilization of waste plastic characterized by melting waste plastic at over 160° C. to 250° C. in temperature in part or whole, compression shaping it to thereby obtain a plastic granular material having an apparent density of 0.7 to 1.2 kg/liter, and mixing this plastic granular material with coal for dry distillation in a coke oven.

Abstract: An oil reconversion devices 1a and 1b for waste plastics which thermally crack a waste plastic Ro by heating it and converts a generated cracker gas Gr into oil by cooling it, equipped with a thermal cracking bath 2 which has a bath main body 4 placed inside a coil 3 . . . , induction-heats the bath main body 4 by feeding a high-frequency current through the coil 3 . . . , and thermally cracks at least a molten plastic Rd obtained from the waste plastic Ro to generate the cracker gas Gr, an injection port 5 through which the waste plastic Ro is injected, a feeder 6 which supplies the waste plastic Ro injected through this injection port 5 to the thermal cracking bath 2 via a forced or direct feeding means Ua or Ub without a bath, and an oil conversion processor 7 which cools and converts the cracker gas Gr generated by the thermal cracking bath 2 into oil.

Abstract: A method for disposing of an organic waste of high water content according to the present invention, includes: a step in which by means of a heat exchanger (22), a heat exchange is carried out between superheated steam and exhaust gas extracted by a cyclone (2b) of a suspension preheater (2), the high temperature superheated steam that was subjected to the heat exchange is introduced to a dryer (23), thereby drying any organic sludge into a dried organic waste, and by means of the heat exchanger (22), the superheated steam used for the drying is subjected to another heat exchange, thereby recycling the superheated steam in the drying of the organic sludge; and a step in which the resulting dried organic sludge is supplied to a precalcining furnace (3) as fuel and combusted.

Abstract: A method is provided for injecting a substance into a boiler of a waste incineration plant using a gaseous propellant, the substance being conducted, starting from at least one distributor, via lines which branch off from the distributor, in each case to a nozzle which is assigned to the respective line and by means of which the substance and the propellant are injected into the boiler. The substance quantity to be conducted to the respective nozzle is set in the distributor. The boiler is subdivided into multiple boiler sectors, in which the nozzles are arranged in a plurality of horizontal nozzle planes. To each boiler sector at least one separate distributor is assigned. The substance and the propellant are combined upstream of the branch-off with the respective line.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of converting refuse into energy production and useful gases include a sealed rotary gas kiln in which the refuse is volatized. Prior to entry into the kiln, the refuse may be conditioned by removing certain materials not suitable for volatilization and by reducing the physical size of the refuse into easily processed bundles. The sealed kiln includes a refuse inlet, a post-volatilization solids outlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. The kiln is sealed so that substantially all exhaust gas exits through the exhaust gas outlet. Additionally, the system may include an organic rankine cycle unit in which primarily generates power from the exhaust gas, while also separating some materials from the exhaust gas. The system may also include a separator which removes additional solids from the exhaust gas stream and separates usable gases from the exhaust gas. The materials collecting at each stage of the process may be reused internally or may be sold for external uses.