Abstract: A valve for liquids including a valve housing (10) and a valve body (13) which is guided in the housing, and at least one releasable catch (16) which engages the valve body and holds the valve body in an open position in the valve housing until liquid starts to pass through the valve.

Abstract: An engine-pressurized prestart oiler for an engine having pressure lubrication is provided, which rapidly lubricates critical engine bearing surfaces prior to the starting sequence. An accumulator for storing oil and pressurized air contains an air-oil separation float, which essentially fills the internal cross-sectional area and prevents absorption of the air. Discharge and recharge of the accumulator is preferably implemented by a normally closed solenoid valve. Discharge is controlled either manually by a switch or automatically by circuitry containing ignition-off time and accumulator pressure comparators, a starter interrupter, and a prestart oiling timer. Recharge is automatic, as the solenoid valve allows oil flow whenever the engine oil pressure sufficiently exceeds the accumulator pressure. A conduit connects the accumulator, solenoid valve, and engine, connecting to the engine either at the oil pressure sensor port or through an adaptor installed between the oil filter and the oil filter mount.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and controlling an engine based on an engine fluid pressure include sensing an engine fluid pressure, determining a current value for an engine operating parameter, determining whether the engine fluid pressure has crossed a first threshold corresponding to the current value of the engine operating parameter, determining whether the engine fluid pressure has crossed a second threshold corresponding to the current value of the engine operating parameter, generating a warning signal when the fluid pressure has crossed the first threshold but has not crossed the second threshold, and generating a shutdown signal when the fluid pressure has crossed the second threshold. In one embodiment, the second threshold is determined based on the first threshold by applying a constant offset value.

Abstract: An environmentally sound apparatus and method for automatically extracting fluids such as lubricating fluids from a target reservoir such as a crankcase for a vehicle engine, and injecting the proper type and quantity of fresh fluid into the reservoir is disclosed. The apparatus includes one or more sources of lubricating fluid, a waste fluid tank, a pump, and a flow meter. A programmed microprocessor produces selected sequences of control signals to govern the flow of fluid among the fluid sources, the waste fluid tank, and the target reservoir in response to input identification information and signals produced by a flow monitoring pulse meter. Input identification information is compared with data in a stored database to determine the correct type and quantity of fresh fluid to inject. Operator identification information is compared with a stored operator database to determine what operations each operator is permitted to perform.

Abstract: A warning system for an outboard motor, includes: an oil-pressure switch for outputting the low-pressure state signal when the oil pressure of the lubricating oil lowers than a fixed reference pressure; a control device for controlling the operation of the warning device; a determining device which judges whether the low-pressure state signal continues to be output longer than the predetermined delay time and determines that the oil pressure is abnormal if the judgment is affirmative; and a control device for actuating the warning device so as to perform a warning operation when the determining device has determined that the oil pressure is abnormal.

Abstract: A method of controlling the oil flow rate for an internal combustion engine including: a) defining a break-in period of the engine; b) determining whether the engine is running within the break-in period; and c) varying the oil flow rate for the engine if the engine is running within said break-in period from the oil flow rate for the engine when running under normal conditions outside the break-in period such that the oil flow rate during the break-in period is generally higher than the oil flow rate under normal engine conditions.

Abstract: An improved method and system for automatically continuously replacing an engine's used lubricating oil with fresh lubricating oil throughout operation based on engine operating conditions is disclosed. The present system includes an injection control device for injecting small amounts of used lube oil into the engine's fuel system and an auxiliary flow control device for directing controlled quantities of fresh oil into the engine's lube oil system. An electronic controller is provided to vary the amount of used lube oil injected into the oil system based on the severity of engine operation. The process periodically determines an engine operating severity value, i.e. fuel consumption value, for an interval of engine operation and calculates a base line quantity of oil for injection based on the current fuel consumption of the engine during the current interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of providing nearly constant pressure during operation of a device incorporating a pressurized container and more particularly pre-ignition lubrication mechanisms for internal combustion engines, pressurized pre-combustion oiling mechanism for use with internal combustion engines, pressurized water or other fluid tanks, and pressurized fluid and other pressurized material dispensers. The present invention provides an accumulator tank containing either air or an easily condensed gas. The pressurized oil causes the air or gas in the bag to become compressed, causing a decrease in occupied volume in proportion to the pressure induced by the oil to allow the oil to occupy a suitable portion of the tank. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressurized oil would cause the easily condensed gas to undergo a phase change and liquify.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pre-ignition lubrication mechanisms for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a pressurized pre-combustion oiling mechanism for use with internal combustion engines. The present invention provides an accumulator tank containing either air or an easily condensible gas. The pressurized oil causes the air or gas in the bag to become compressed, causing a decrease in occupied volume in proportion to the pressure induced by the oil to allow the oil to occupy a suitable portion of the tank. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressurized oil would cause the condensible gas to undergo a phase change and liquify. Conventional valving known in the state of the art is provided to allow the accumulated pressurized oil to be used prior to a subsequent engine startup, and conventional electronic control systems are provided to engage and disengage the aforementioned valves for a proper pre-ignition lubrication sequence.

Abstract: An inventive system lubricates an engine with oil prior to starting the engine. In one embodiment, the system includes an electric engine oil pump for lubricating the engine, a transmitter for transmitting a radio frequency signal, and a receiver for receiving the radio frequency signal and for actuating the electric engine oil pump. The oil pump is actuated when a driver uses the transmitter to remotely unlock the doors of the vehicle. In this manner, the driver passively actuates the oil pump prior to starting the engine.

Abstract: A four-cycle engine is provided which is suitable for use in a vehicle or an apparatus such as a small jet boat to be operated on the premise that it often overturns, and which is simple in structure. An oil pan 22 is disposed below the bottom of a crankcase 13, the spaces in the components are communicated with each other via a communicating hole 27 which is formed in the bottom of the crankcase 13, and a cylindrical peripheral wall 26 which is downwardly extending from the bottom of the crankcase 13 toward the oil pan 22 is formed around the communicating hole 27 and is spacially separated from the side wall of the oil pan 22 by a distance.

Abstract: Device for precise replacement of liquids in a mechanism includes at least one bag which can be filled with liquid to be delivered precisely to the mechanism or which can hold used liquid. The bag(s) has/have flexible boundaries and may be provided in a housing.

Abstract: An oil filter attaching structure for an engine has a stand hole communicated with a main oil gallery formed in a lower casing of an engine. The stand hole is formed therein with either one of two different length female threads, one length female thread part is for use without an oil cooler and the other length female thread part is for use with an oil cooler. A filter stand is formed having one end with a male thread part for use without an oil cooler, with a length which is longer than that of the one female thread part. The filter stand is formed with a male thread part on the other end for use with an oil cooler, having a length which is longer than that of the other female thread part. The filter stand has one end screwed into the stand hole. The other end of the filter stand has an oil filter attached. The same filter stand can be used on engines with or without an oil cooler. The filter structure allows visible confirmation of proper assembly.

Abstract: A single-use aerosol can having an outlet and no inlet and containing a lubricant under pressure that is used to prime an engine prior to start-up. The contents of the canister are pressurized with a substantially non-flammable propellant and are released from the single outlet atop the aerosol can through a valve that is interposed between the outlet and the interior of the canister. The valve may be manually depressed to cause the lubricant to be released. The lubricant is transported directly from the outlet of the canister to the interior of the engine through a hose having a first passageway, a first end, and a second end. The hose is sealingly connected to the canister on the first end and the oil passageway of the engine on the second end. A threaded fitting having a second passageway may be used to attach the second end of the hose to the oil passageway, thereby creating communication between the first and second passageways.

Abstract: A method for recognizing oil top-up quantities is provided. The method records a multiplicity of oil levels under specific operating conditions over time; calculates an oil-mass average value X.sub.

Abstract: A machine lubrication system monitor collects lubricant pressure, flow rate, and temperature information and calculates as a function thereof a substantially constant magnitude signal representing normal machine operation. Deviation therefrom indicates abnormal and potentially damaging machine operation. As a result, variation in lubricating oil viscosity, excess operating temperature, or change in oil flow path, e.g. leakage, in a pressurized lubricating fluid supply may be detected and machine damage avoided.

Abstract: An improved method and system for automatically continuously replacing an engine's used lubricating oil with fresh lubricating oil throughout operation based on engine operating conditions is disclosed. The present system includes an lube oil replacement pump system operable in a replacement mode for injecting small amounts of used lube oil into the engine's fuel system and directing controlled quantities of fresh oil into the engine's lube oil system to replace the removed oil. The process periodically determines an engine operating severity value, i.e. fuel consumption value, for an interval of engine operation and calculates a base line quantity of oil for injection based on the current fuel consumption of the engine during the current interval. The lube oil replacement pump may also be operated in a makeup mode for adding quantities of fresh oil to the engine lube oil sump to compensate for oil consumed by the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for predicting a lubricating oil replacement time for an engine by precisely predicting a total acid value and/or an amount of soot in a lubricating oil and by displaying an accurate time which will elapse before a required lubricating oil replacement. Accurate prediction of lubricating oil replacement prevents engine seizing and other damage and avoids wasteful replacement of otherwise useful lubricating oil.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for changing oil and measuring oil consumption in an internal combustion engine having an internal oil lubrication distribution passage system with an oil filter and oil reservoir which includes the steps of connecting an external, separable apparatus to the internal oil lubrication distribution system at a first point upstream of the oil filter and at a second point in fluid communication with the oil reservoir; removing spent oil from the oil reservoir and measuring the amount removed; introducing a measured amount of fresh oil appropriate for the internal combustion engine into the oil reservoir; and calculating the difference between the amount of fresh oil introduced to and the spent oil removed from the oil reservoir.

Abstract: A system for measuring the quality and level of lubricant in an engine lubricant reservoir includes a valve for selectively directing a portion of lubricant from the engine through a first conduit for return to the engine or through a second conduit for removal from the engine. Within the first conduit are one or more sensors for sensing the condition of the lubricant passing through the first conduit. The sensors are monitored by a controller which is operative selectively to cause the valve to block the flow of lubricant through the first conduit and direct a portion of the lubricant through the second conduit based on the monitored conditions of the lubricant. Also, the controller directs a supply of fresh lubricant to the engine in response to the lubricant in the engine lubricant reservoir dropping below a predetermined level.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided an engine oil deterioration preventing agent comprising, an addition agent for preventing a deterioration of an engine oil, and a housing body for housing the addition agent therein to discharge the addition agent to the engine oil when the engine oil is deteriorated.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for measuring characteristics of motor oil in a vehicle includes a housing adapted to be mechanically coupled to a vehicle for receiving motor oil of the vehicle and at least one capacitive sensor including sensing electrodes positioned relative to the housing to measure characteristics of motor oil between the sensing electrodes. The sensing electrodes are coated with a soot build-up inhibiting coating which, in a preferred embodiment, is a silicone coating. The at least one capacitive sensor include an oil level sensor and an oil deterioration sensor in a preferred embodiment.

Abstract: A control system and method for controlling a pump having a fluid passage therein, including a sensing means for sensing fluid flow through the fluid passage wherein the control system controls the actuation period of the pump as a function of a characteristic of the fluid flow sensed by the sensing means. The sensed characteristic is the quantum rate of fluid flow through the fluid passage.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine mounted on a small planing watercraft 1 having a deck frame 40, a riders' seat 4 mounted removably on the frame 40, a propelling means, an internal combustion engine 20 for driving the propelling means through a coupling 46. The engine 20 includes, an oil receptacle 32 located at the bottom of the engine body and communicating with internal space of a crankcase, an oil tank 30 separated from the engine body is inserted from above through the opening of the deck frame 40 and removably fixed to the deck frame at a position away from the space above the coupling 46 which interconnects the engine and the propelling means. An engine oil collected in the oil receptacle 32 is transported to the oil tank 30 by means of a scavenging pump, and the oil in the oil tank 30 is supplied to various parts in the engine body by means of a feed pump.

Abstract: A sensor assembly includes a tilt sensor, an oil level sensor, an oil temperature sensor and an oil deterioration sensor, as well as associated output signal conditioning electronics integrated within a common assembly. The sensor assembly is configured to receive a volume of motor oil proportional to a total volume of oil in an engine. The oil level sensor, oil temperature sensor and oil deterioration sensors include electrodes which are completely or partially immersed in the volume of motor oil depending upon the total volume of oil in the engine. The tilt sensor includes only two electrodes both of which are at least partially immersed within a controlled volume of dielectric fluid which is physically and electrically isolated from the volume of motor oil. One of the electrodes of the tilt sensor is completely immersed in the controlled volume of dielectric fluid independent of an angle of the tilt sensor relative to a vector representing forces such as gravity applied to the tilt sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supplementary lubrication system for an internal combustion engine operable to lubricate the engine and an accessory prior to engine start-up and to lubricate the accessory after engine shut-down. The supplementary lubrication system includes an oil source in fluid communication with a supplemental oil supply conduit, which branches to define two parallel conduits, a prelube branch and a postlube branch. Disposed within the prelube branch is a prelube one-way check valve and disposed within the postlube branch is a postlube one-way check valve. The prelube branch is in fluid communication with a first end of a two-directional pump and the postlube branch is in fluid communication with a second end of the two-directional pump.

Abstract: A primary pump system for lubricating an internal combustion engine includes a pump constructed and arranged to pump lubricant to an engine prior to engine cranking and continuously during operation of the engine. A variable speed electric motor is constructed and arranged to drive the pump independently of engine speed. A controller controls operation of the motor and thus the operation of the pump. An engine load sensor senses a load on the engine. The controller is responsive to a signal received from the engine load sensor to control the motor so that the pump may supply lubricant to the engine in accordance with engine load.

Abstract: A device for the precise replacement of liquids before, during, or after operation of a mechanism such as, for example, an automobile motor or automatic transmission, includes a housing and a piston or diaphragm for separation of the housing into inlet and exit portions. A plurality of bags can be employed in the housing for inlet and exit portions and as a diaphragm. Pressure from the volume of liquid in a closed vessel that is to be replaced is used to measure the amount of liquid replacing the liquid that is in the closed vessel. The device can be employed during normal operation of the mechanism, and a method for the precise replacement of liquids employs the device during normal operation of the mechanism.

Abstract: A lubricating system for an internal combustion engine maintains lubrication even in extreme emergency positions of the engine such as slants within the range of about 90.degree. to about 270.degree., relative to the horizontal and even for upside down engine positions. For this purpose, a hydraulic accumulator (16) is connected to the lubricant circulating circuit through a parallel connection of a non-return valve (17) and a controllable valve. Under normal operating conditions, the hydraulic accumulator is charged with lubricant under the pressure prevailing in the lubricant circulating system. Under emergency conditions, the normal lubrication is stopped and emergency lubrication continues through the controllable valve that is opened in response to a pressure drop in the normal lubricant circulating system.

Abstract: An electrically driven metering pump removes used oil in precise increments at a controllable rate of repetition from a safe operating level in the sump or reservoir of an engine, compressor, transmission or other power equipment; preferably in combination with means provided by a circulating oil supply system, in which withdrawal of oil from the sump is at a controlled running level and oil for removal is taken from a withdrawal path in the supply system, using a separator to exclude air from the oil removed. Oil removed by the metering pump is filtered and delivered to an electrically driven blending pump, which draws in engine fuel for combination with this oil by turbulence, repetitive transfer, heating and forced dispersion to produce a primary blend at a composition determined by the relative volumes of delivery per operating pulse and the relative rates of pulse repetition of the metering and blending pumps.

Abstract: An oil flow sensor and circuit to indicate the presence of oil flow in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. The oil sensor includes a heating element positioned within the oil line directly in the oil flow path. Positioned upstream and downstream from the heating element are an upstream heat sensor and a downstream heat sensor. Each of the heat sensors is a negative temperature coefficient resistive device, such that the resistance of the heat sensor varies depending upon oil temperature at the sensor. The output of both the upstream and downstream sensor is coupled to a comparator. The comparator compares the value of the signals from the heat sensors and triggers a switching circuit when the temperature at the sensors approach one another, thus detecting that there is not adequate oil flow to the engine. The switching circuit is connected to a signaling device that indicates whether oil flow to the engine is adequate.

Abstract: An engine lubrication system according to the present invention includes a pair of lubrication galleries which extend through the engine block between the ends of the engine crankshaft and communicate with the crankshaft bearing journals through a plurality of lubrication passages. The lubrication galleries are connected to the lubricant pump at opposite ends of the engine. Lubrication passages of one gallery combine with lubrication passages of the other gallery at the crankshaft bearing journals to compensate for the lubricant pressure loss through the galleries with distance from the lubricant pump.

Abstract: Oil is burned controllably in an engine to reduce valve and valve guide wear and valve seat face recession, thus extending cylinder head and valve life. A nozzle discharges atomized oil into an intake manifold. The nozzle receives the oil from a pressurized source of oil. Used engine lubricating oil from the engine is preferably the source of oil, thus both disposing of used oil and allowing the lubricating oil to be maintained fresher. An atomizing fluid, such as air or natural gas, is fed to the nozzle for atomizing the oil. An air and fuel mixture conveys the atomized oil into combustion chambers where the oil is burned. The oil has an additive that leaves a finely dispersed ash residue in the combustion chambers when the oil is burned. Where a valve closes against a seat face in the cylinder head, the ash residue reduces valve wear and seat face recession, presumably because the ash residue provides a cushioning effect.

Abstract: A supply pump for lubricant or heat transfer liquid of a conventional design is driven by a drive unit independently of the consumer of the lubricant or of the heat transfer liquid. In the event of the failure of the drive unit a forced connection occurs between the pump and the rotating parts of the consumer in order to ensure its supply with the lubricant or the heat transfer liquid at least for a sufficient emergency period. By the independent drive of the supply pump the supply to the consumer can be controlled according to the consumption of lubricant or heat transfer liquid independently of its individual operating characteristic or operating state.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically preventing wear in an internal combustion engine includes an electric pump, a disconnect coupling, a high arrestance filter, a programmable logic control element, an electric fan assisted radiator, an external controller. The programmable logic control element is connected to a normally provided battery and automatically switches control power from the battery to the electric pump according to a programmed control operating cycle program, and is operatively independent of ignition switch activation or operator action. The inlet of the electric pump is connected to the normally provided engine oil sump for removing lubricating fluid. The lubricating fluid is pumped through the high arrestance filter, yielding a substantially contaminant free lubricating fluid which after flowing through the radiator is discharged into the normally provided engine lubricating gallery. The external controller, such as a wireless remote control, is provided to activate the pump remotely upon demand.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an engine control system, and more particularly to an engine control system that decreases the amount of waste oil that must be disposed of in an internal combustion engine by automatically burning spent oil based upon engine speed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for replenishing the lubricating oil of an internal combustion engine involving, during operation of the engine, continuously supplying a predetermined quantity of new oil from a reserve tank in which lubricating oil is stored to a holding region for lubricating oil circulated to the engine. As a result, an adequate effective extension of the life of the lubricating oil can be achieved, so that maintenance of the engine lubricating oil can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: A simple pre-oiler has a hollow pressure vessel and a control valve tapped into the engine oil system. The control valve has only one moving part, a plug which is balanced by the engine oil pressure and the vessel pressure. When the engine oil pressure exceeds the vessel pressure, the control valve opens to fill the vessel. When start-up occurs, a solenoid opens the control valve to discharge the vessel's pressurized oil into the engine oiling system. A filler plug allows a metered amount of oil to be added to the vessel. Air pressure can then be added to the vessel. By timing the period to empty the vessel's oil into a non-running engine, an engine-wear test is accomplished.

Abstract: A fluid level sensor system for a vehicle oil pan includes a fluid level sensor assembled to the oil pan which has a first LED/phototransistor sensor electrically arranged and responsive to a low oil level in the oil pan for generating a low level voltage signal. The fluid level sensor also includes a second LED/phototransistor sensor which is electrically arranged and responsive to a high oil level in the oil pan for generating a high level voltage signal. The low level voltage signal and the high level voltage signal from the fluid level sensor are electrically connected to an electronic control module (ECM) which receives and processes the two signals and activates a warning lamp with a flashing illumination to identify a low oil level condition and a constantly on illumination to identify a high oil level condition. The operation of the ECM is controlled by a flow logic algorithm.

Abstract: An injector system adaptable for outputting a predetermined volume of lubricating oil from a diesel engine into an engine fuel system includes a piston slidably disposed in a body and cooperates with the body to define a first and second chamber in the body at opposite ends of the piston. A controller controls the movement of a valve to alternately connect the first and second chambers to a pressurized source of oil so that fluid filling one chamber moves the piston which will expel fluid from the other chamber. The chamber remains filled until the valve is actuated to connect the unfilled chamber to the pressure source which causes the chamber to fill with oil and expel the oil from the previously filled chamber.

Abstract: A marine propulsion system and particularly an outboard motor wherein the outboard motor is provided with a control for preventing engine damage in response to an abnormal condition by reducing the speed of the engine through disabling certain cylinders. The cylinders disabled are chosen on the vertical position of the cylinder in the engine so as to provide improved running and avoid undesirable results. In addition, the disabling of the cylinders is precluded until the abnormal condition has existed more than a predetermined time period upon initial start-up so as to permit unencumbered normal warm up of the engine.

Abstract: A system for automatically controlling lubricating fluid flow in an internal combustion engine having an engine bearing lubricating system, an intake oiling system and a pair of lubricating fluid reservoirs for carrying separate lubricating fluid for delivery to the engine bearing and intake oiling systems is provided. In response to the fluid level in one of the reservoirs being delivered to the intake oil system being at a predetermined low level, the controller swaps reservoirs and delivers fluid flow from the other reservoir to the intake oiling system. The controller commands filling of the low level reservoir prior to delivery of lubricating fluid from this reservoir to the engine bearing lubricating system. The system eliminates the need for lubricating fluid changes.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine assembly including an internal combustion engine, an electronic control unit for generating control signals for controlling the engine and a solenoid oil pump for supplying oil to the engine. The oil pump includes an armature and a solenoid winding encircling the armature and being connected to the electronic control unit so that the electronic control unit causes movement of the armature and so as to allow the electronic control unit to detect the flow of current in the solenoid winding.

Abstract: A pre-start engine oiler for internal combustion engines provides a pressurized charge of oil to the lubricating system when the ignition key is turned to the on position and prior to engaging the starter. A reservoir connected with a valve body is supplied with oil under pressure from the engine lubricating system through a check valve disposed in an oil passage in the body when the oil pump pressure exceeds the reservoir pressure during the course of operation. The oil passage is connected by an oil line to an existing oil conduit by a tee or to an adapter installed between the oil filter and the engine block. Oil ports above and below the check valve extend between the oil passage and a piston chamber containing a sliding piston which normally closes flow through the oil ports. The piston is retracted by a solenoid connected in series to the ignition circuit through an electronic timer and switch.

Abstract: An oil changer comprises at least piping 5, 9, 10, along which an oil pump 12 and switching valves 8a, 8b are disposed, and first and second oil reservoirs 3, and 4. Used oil in an oil use location is recovered into the oil reservoir 4 via the piping, while unused oil in the first oil reservoir 3 is supplied into the oil use location via the piping. In this case, a flowmeter 11 for measuring an oil flow rate, as well as air sensors 6a, 6b for detecting the existence of air in used and/or unused oil when the air happens to exist in a flow of the used or unused oil and for outputting a predetermined signal, are provided at intermediate positions along the length of the piping 5, 9, and 10. Furthermore, a control section is provided into which the flow rate signal from the flowmeter 11 is inputted and which normally counts the number of the flow rate signals, but does not count them when the predetermined signal is inputted.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for idle adjustment of an internal combustion engine provide that the idle rpm is increased when the engine is warm. A warm engine is then present when the oil temperature exceeds a threshold at which the oil pressure can become too low. Exceeding the oil temperature threshold is determined in dependence upon the engine temperature, the intake-air temperature and, if necessary, the engine rpm and the load of the engine.

Abstract: An overfill prevention valve is provided in the fill line of a tank. The valve is arranged such that the valve is held at a closed position unless an overflow for the tank is open.

Abstract: A system for providing an indicator light operated by a fluid level sensor, including a power source providing the voltage to a first node, a first LED and a first circuit branch connecting the first node to ground, a voltage dropping component in the first circuit branch, a second circuit branch including a second LED connected to the first node in parallel with the first LED, and a normally open first fluid level switch that can close to connect the second circuit branch to ground. The sum of the turn on voltage of the first LED and the voltage drop across the voltage dropping component when the first LED is on is greater than the voltage drop from the first node to ground through the second LED when the first switch is closed, so that the first LED is normally on when the first switch is open, and the second LED is on and the first LED is off when the first switch is closed.

Abstract: Embodiments of lubricating systems and methods for two cycle, crankcase compression, diesel engines wherein certain running components of the engine such as the crankshaft and pistons are each supplied with their own lubricating systems including independently operating lubricating pumps, each system is controlled so as to supply a finite amount of lubricant to the engine and then sense the engine running conditions to determine when the lubricant will have been consumed before additional lubricant is supplied. In addition, a control routine and structure is disclosed wherein lubrication is supplied to the engine before starting is initiated and wherein the amount of lubrication supplied is varied during break-in.

Abstract: An apparatus to pre-lubricate an engine to avoid undue wear and to augment an engine's main lubrication pump with an auxiliary oil pump attached between the oil filter and the engine which directs lubrication from the engine's sump through the existing filter and into the engine's conventional lubrication circuit.