Abstract: An internal combustion gasoline engine has an air intake assembly which introduces air through the cylinder head into the cylinder to generate swirl (horizontal vortex) flow (as opposed to tumble (vertical vortex) flow) for stratified charge combustion, and to generate tumble flow for homogeneous charge combustion. The piston includes a cavity combustion chamber at the top surface of the piston, the cavity combustion chamber having a round shape and an increasing cross sectional area as the top of the piston is approached. During stratified charge combustion, swirl flow is smoothly guided into the cavity combustion chamber and preserved with a sufficient intensity since the cavity combustion chamber is well sealed at its whole periphery. During homogeneous charge combustion, a tumble flow is formed inside the cylinder, and fuel injection is made in the intake stroke. Fuel supplied into the cavity combustion chamber is easily washed away by the tumble stream.

Abstract: A spark-ignition type engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head and a fuel injector arranged at the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A cavity extending from a position beneath the fuel injector to a position beneath the spark plug is formed on the top face of the piston. The circumferential wall of the cavity extends archwise below the spark plug and has an arc shaped cross section.

Abstract: A direct injected, internal combustion engine combustion chamber configuration that employs a three intake valves per cylinder and direct cylinder injection. Stratification is accomplished by providing a piston bowl and air flow pattern within the combustion chamber through intake passage shape and squish action. The shape of the combustion chamber also provides rapid flame propagation even at low speeds and loads.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises one or more pairs of first and second cylinders, the first cylinder having a larger swept volume than the second cylinder and respective first and second pistons reciprocable in the cylinders. The second piston has a drive stem and divides the second cylinder into a first volume containing the drive stem of the second piston and a second volume between the two pistons. An air inlet and an exhaust outlet are provided for the first cylinder. A common combustion space is formed between the pistons when the pistons are substantially at their inner dead center positions, the combustion space comprising the second volume. A transfer means enables gas flow between the first volume and the combustion space whilst an inhibiting means inhibits the movement of a substantial amount of fuel/air mixture from the first volume into the second volume until toward the end of the compression stroke of the second piston.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber divided into two regions by an arcuate barrier on the top of the piston and a complementary arcuate barrier formed in a cavity of the cylinder head. When the piston is at top dead center, the combustion chamber is effectively divided into two portions with approximately ten percent of the chamber being in the vicinity of a fuel injector and a spark plug. By this structure, the engine minimizes the amount of fuel used at idle and at very low power levels, and yet engine performance at higher power levels is not affected.

Abstract: A piston having an offset piston bowl for use in an engine having a correspondingly offset fuel injector, wherein the piston bowl has a non-circular or non-annular shape. The non-annular bowl shape is contoured to permit increased spray plume length, avoiding impingement. The bowl is especially useful in a diesel engine having two-valves per cylinder, wherein the injector must be mounted in an offset location because a central region of the cylinder head is occupied by two proximal valve ports. The bowl has a raised inner portion surrounded by a concave outer portion. A peak or apex of the raised inner portion is located closer to a peripheral wall of the concave outer portion at a "short" side of the bowl than at a "long" side of the bowl.

Abstract: A hybrid electric vehicle which is driven by a motor powered with electric power generated by an engine, wherein the cylinder, piston, and sub-combustion chamber of the engine have insulation structure so that heat sufficient for evaporating fed fuel is held in the sub-combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an applied ignition internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder in which a piston slides along the cylinder axis, with a cylinder head capping the cylinder and, together with the piston and cylinder, defining a combustion chamber. The piston has a recess open toward the cylinder head, the recess having several shapes of an ellipsoid section along a transverse plane of the piston, of which the main axis and generatrices are substantially parallel to the lengthwise axis of the piston in order to reduce the area-volume ratios in the combustion chamber and increase turbulence levels at the end of the compression cycle. The ellipse or ellipses is or are such that:1) 0<.lambda.<0.6 with ##EQU1## where G.sub.R is the major radius of at least one of the spaces P.sub.R is the minor radius of the space or spaces.

Abstract: A combustion chamber for a direct injected, reciprocating piston diesel cycle internal combustion engine in which fuel is injected into a piston recess and wherein the piston includes a reaction chamber adjacent the piston recess that communicates with the combustion chamber through a discrete orifice, wherein the orifice is located so as to discharge reaction products from the reaction chamber into the central portion of a soot cloud that is formed during combustion of fuel each combustion cycle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder head body with a pentroof-shaped combustion chamber comprises a piston including a piston cavity and a circular protrusion provided around the piston cavity, a fuel injector for injecting fuel downward to the piston cavity and a spark plug provided in proximity to an intake valve. Fuel is injected in a shape of a hollow cone and collides against the piston cavity and is diffused The diffused fuel is carried on the tumble flow of intake air and gathers around the electrode of the spark plug, this contributing to securing a stable stratified charge combustion. Further, the configuration of the circular protrusion prevents the sprayed fuel from scattering towards the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes an insert defining an air chamber opening into the combustion chamber. The insert is preformed to a desired configuration and the piston cast around the insert thus securing the insert within the structure of the piston. The insert may be located wholly within the piston or may have a flange part which extends over an outer surface of the piston.

Abstract: This invention relates to an in-cylinder injection internal combustion engine. A lower wall of a cylinder head, said lower wall defining an upper wall of a combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof composed of an intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall. A spark plug is arranged in the vicinity of a top part of the pentroof-shaped upper wall of the combustion chamber. A top wall of a piston, said top wall forming a lower wall of the combustion chamber, is configured in the form of a pentroof having an intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall and an exhaust-valve-side, tilted, top wall formed so that they correspond the intake-valve-side, tilted, lower wall and the exhaust-valve-side, tilted, lower wall of the cylinder head. A recessed portion is arranged in the intake-valve-side, tilted, top wall in the top wall of the piston.

Abstract: In this piston structure with a heat insulated combustion chamber, a combustion chamber structure is fixed to a piston body stably and firmly by a pre-stressed holding member. The combustion chamber structure which constitutes a combustion chamber provided on an outer circumferential part of a lower portion thereof with a flange made integral therewith, and which comprises a heat resisting material, is fixed by a holding member fused to the piston body. After the piston body and holding member have been welded, the holding member is pre-stressed by a press so that the fixed condition of the combustion chamber structure with respect to the piston body during an operation of the engine is stabilized.

Abstract: To provide an improved heat insulating structure in which the movement of air in the air space of a heat insulating layer is permitted as small as possible thus giving a higher heat shielding effect. A heat insulating layer of an air space is provided between a center tube and an external heat shielding tube in a fuel injection nozzle and a carbon getter is disposed at an interface between the heat insulating layer and a combustion chamber. When a combustion gas moves into the carbon getter, its carbon components are trapped and accumulated thus blocking between the heat insulating layer and the combustion chamber. As the heat insulating layer is isolated, its inside air remains stagnate increasing the heat shielding effect. This srtacture has been appied to the pre-combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injection system which includes an injection valve for a self-igniting internal combustion engine with direct fuel injection, in particular for liquefied gas fuels, and which is configured as a pintle-type nozzle opening against the force of at least one spring, has the opening force of its fuel needle directly provided by the magnetic force of a solenoid so as to create simplified rate shaping. The magnetic force increases quadratically with the needle lift vis-a-vis the force of the spring increasing linearly with the needle lift, resulting in an opening velocity of the needle increasing approximately quadratically, at least in certain regions, thus permitting small pintle lifts, and the needle has a maximum needle lift of smaller than 1 mm, i.e., preferably smaller than 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A two-cycle, direct injection, internal combustion engine provides improved performance by using a portion of energy produced by the production process to heat the engine. The engine includes a plurality of direct fuel injected cylinders and a fuel injection control system. The control system includes a sensory system which detects several operating parameters of the engine, such as, engine speed and intake air flow. An electronic control unit receives input signals from the sensory system and determines the operational condition of the engine. Based on the determined operational condition of the engine, the electronic control unit controls throttle opening degree, fuel injection amounts and timing, and ignition timing. At operating conditions below a preselected engine speed/load condition, the electronic control unit maintains a generally constant throttle opening and fuel injection amount to produce a desired air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A fuel mixture is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, an alternative gaseous fuel for operating a combustion engine includes approximately 21 to 50% Hydrogen and the rest natural gas constituants such as combinations of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Ethane, Propane, Iso-Butane, N-Butane, Iso Pentane, N-Pentane, and Hexanes Plus. Current production engines without any substantial modifications can take this alternative fuel. This alternative fuel is lean burning and emits emissions that are below current legal standards.

Abstract: The combustion chamber structure having a combustion chamber almost at the center of the piston is installed in a cavity formed in the piston body with a heat insulating layer interposed therebetween. The combustion chamber structure and the piston body are joined by a joining member. The combustion chamber structure is formed with a nozzle insertion hole and communication holes. The joining member is made of a material with a thermal expansion coefficient intermediate between those of the piston body and the combustion chamber structure, or of almost the same kind of material as the piston body. Alternatively, the combustion chamber structure forms a piston head portion and the piston body forms a piston skirt portion. The lower surface of the piston head portion is formed as a tapered surface that is inclined toward the periphery. The upper surface of the piston skirt portion is also formed as a tapered surface that extends along the opposing tapered surface of the piston head portion.

Abstract: A piston for diesel engines is made of a toughness-increasing aluminium alloy containing copper, nickel, silicon, magnesium, iron and manganese. The use of this material, which can conventionally be chill-cast, and by implying special dimensions, provides a piston which, despite its relatively light construction, provides the utmost security against cracking in the stressed regions, e.g. the piston boss or the combustion chamber recess.

Abstract: A novel, internal combustion engine includes a cylinder, a head closing one end of the cylinder and a piston slidably mounted in the cylinder for reciprocating motion, in the usual manner, which reciprocation is converted into rotary motion by, for example, a conventional crankshaft. The top surface of the piston, cylinder head and cylinder serve as walls defining a system chamber, with a pocket formed in one of the system chamber walls for receiving fuel and serving as a combustion chamber for localized combustion therein. In one disclosed embodiment, the cylinder is divided into two sections with thermal insulation, serving as a heat barrier, disposed between the two sections and the piston has a hollow interior containing one or more heat shields spanning the hollow interior. The method of operation involves injection of fuel into a restricted area within the chamber defined between the piston head, cylinder head and cylinder, e.g., the aforementioned pocket.

Abstract: A spark-ignited direct cylinder fuel injection engine is provided with a combustion chamber formed in a depression on the surface of each piston, and a direct cylinder fuel injection valve spraying a fuel mist directly in the combustion chamber. In the wall of the combustion chamber an arc-shaped first wall surface region is located on the upstream side of the combustion chamber with respect to the swirl flow direction of the intake air. Continuous with the first wall surface region, a straight second wall surface region is formed at the downstream side of the first wall surface region. An arc shaped third wall surface region is formed at the downstream side of the second wall surface region. A spark plug is positioned so that it protrudes into the depressed combustion chamber at the region near the second wall surface region when the piston is positioned at its top dead center.

Abstract: In this engine with precombustion chambers, precombustion chambers are formed in pistons, and an air utilization rate in main combustion chambers formed in cylinders is improved, whereby the mixing of air with flames is promoted with a combustion period reduced. In this engine, main communication ports communicating the main combustion chambers and precombustion chambers with each other are formed in the substantially central portions of piston heads, while auxiliary communication ports are formed around the main communication ports so as to extend incliningly toward the circumferences of the cylinders. The fuel injection nozzles provided in a cylinder head are projected into the main communication ports in positions in the vicinity of the top dead centers of the pistons to close the same, and fuel is injected from multi-bored injection ports of the fuel injection nozzles into the precombustion chambers.

Abstract: A spark ignition engine with a fuel injector for injecting fuel directly into the cylinder comprising a hollow combustion chamber formed on an upper surface of a piston, an ignition plug inserted into the vicinity of the side wall of the combustion chamber at an ignition timing by the movement of the piston, a fuel injector for injecting fuel toward the side wall of the combustion chamber in at least one predetermined engine driving condition, and at least one fuel guide passage for leading fuel injected by the fuel injector into the vicinity of the inserting position, in the combustion chamber, into which the ignition plug is inserted. The fuel guide passage passes through the vicinity of said inserting position. Each wall constructing the fuel guide passage and each extended phantom surface of each wall are arranged not to cross the ignition portion provided at the tip of the ignition plug in spite of the piston position.

Abstract: In this combustion chamber structure for diesel engines, precombustion chamber bodies in which precombustion chambers are formed are installed via heat insulating layers in cavities formed in pistons, so as to improve the heat insulating capability of the precombustion chambers and the combustion rates in the precombustion chambers and primary chambers, minimize the generation of HC and NOx increase the thermal efficiently. The precombustion chamber bodies comprise upper chambers, lower chambers and gaskets of a low heat conductivity provided between the upper and lower chambers. The upper chambers are provided in the walls thereof with central insert bores into which fuel injection nozzles are thrusted in positions in the vicinity of the upper dead centers of the pistons, and communication ports, which allows the primary chambers and precombustion chambers to communicate with each other, around the central insert bores.

Abstract: A direct-injection type compression-ignition internal combustion engine, wherein a collision surface is formed in a cavity formed at the top surface of a piston and fuel is injected in the form of a continuous fluid flow from a fuel injector to the collision surface. The timing of the start of the fuel injection from the fuel injector is determined to near the compression top dead center and the initial combustion is performed in the cavity. The fuel colliding with the collision surface is pulled into the squish area due to the reverse squish flow caused when the piston descends after the compression top dead center and the majority of the combustion following the initial combustion is performed in the squish area after the compression top dead center.

Abstract: A combustion chamber located in the piston of an internal combustion engine is divided by restrictions into two or more partial chambers. The ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the maximum distance in concave areas of the wall of the combustion chamber, as measured from the axis of the combustion chamber, is greater than or equal to 0.2. To improve the turbulence in the combustion chamber the proposal is put forward that the ratio between the minimum distance in the restricted area and the radius of the piston be smaller than or equal to 0.5, the wall of the combustion chamber being convex in the restricted area, and that the ratio between the maximum distance and piston radius be greater than or equal to 0.7.

Abstract: An electrically heated heating member (13) is arranged in a cavity formed in the top surface of the piston (2) and fuel is injected from the nozzle (9) of the fuel injector (8) toward the heating surface (15) of the heating member (13) in the form of a continuous fluid stream. This injected fuel strikes the heating surface (15) in the form of a continuous fluid stream and receives heat from the heating surface (15) to atomize and simultaneously disperses inside the cavity (7). Next, the atomized fuel is self-ignited.

Abstract: Embodiments of two-cycle crankcase compression direct injected internal combustion engines that permit good firing and effective stratification, particularly at low speed, low load conditions. The engine defines a combustion chamber having a recess with a projection extending into the center of the recess and against which fuel is injected by a fuel injector as the piston approaches top dead center at idle. The spark plug firing is initiated prior to completion of the fuel injection.

Abstract: A stratified-charge internal combustion engine (10) with fuel injection and dual ignition has a fuel injector (60) and two spark plugs (70) and (72) mounted in a cylinder head (16). The cylinder head (16) forms a combustion chamber (44) in conjunction with the cylinder (14) and piston (18). The spark plugs sequentially ignite the fuel plume (64, 66) emitted by the fuel injector simultaneously with the injection of the fuel. The piston (18) has a recess (80) that has its narrow portion in proximity to the injector and spark plug (70) and wider portion aligned under spark plug (72).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston. This depression is defined by a flat bottom wall and a pair of extended straight side walls which diverge toward the fuel injector side. Fuel is obliquely injected on the flat bottom wall of the depression from the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine, comprising a control unit for controlling a control pattern of a fuel injection of the fuel injector to be a first control pattern when an engine load is smaller than a predetermined threshold engine load and to be a second control pattern when the engine load is larger than the predetermined threshold engine load, and a changing unit for changing the predetermined threshold engine load such that an optimum performance of the engine is obtained.

Abstract: An internal-combustion engine has predominantly swirl-free air inflow into a shallow combustion space. A centrally arranged injection nozzle with preferably eight spray holes projects into the combustion space. The nozzle has a piston with a piston recess. Depressions are formed in the recess bottom of the piston recess and correspond to the number of injection jets. The depressions extend from the center of the piston in the direction of the injection jets, are matched to the jet shape and have a corrugated shape in the circumferential direction of the piston recess.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having a cylinder head at one end of the cylinder, a piston mounted for reciprocation in the cylinder, a cavity in the cylinder head, and a fuel injector nozzle located in the cavity in the cylinder head to deliver fuel into the cavity in a direction towards the piston. The piston has a bowl in the top thereof, positioned to intersect the path of delivery of the fuel from the injector nozzle. A rim extends around the periphery of the bowl and is upstanding from the to surface of the piston. The bowl and rim effect containment of the fuel, particularly during high fueling rates, to control the combustion process.

Abstract: Valve-controlled internal combustion engine with air compression, for non-self-igniting fuels, comprising an injection nozzle for direct fuel injection into a combustion chamber provided in the piston, and a spark plug, and further comprising devices imparting a torque to the incoming combustion air. To obtain reliable ignition by simple means, the spark plug is positioned in the central area of the combustion chamber and a multi-hole injection nozzle is used.

Abstract: A fuel injection control device for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders, the device comprising a changing unit for respectively changing a control pattern of a fuel injection of each fuel injector corresponding to each cylinder from a first control pattern to a second control pattern, in accordance with the engine running state, to prevent a continuing of a change from the first control pattern to the second control pattern over all of the cylinders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combustion chamber formed in the upper end of the piston of the diesel engine and, more particularly, to a geometrical shape of a combustion chamber of a piston. The combustion chamber includes a main combustion chamber and a plurality of auxiliary chambers. The main combustion chamber has a diameter d in the range of 0.522-0.552 times the piston diameter D. The auxiliary chamber has a tunnel like shape having a half-circle shaped cross section having a base line with a radius in the range of 0.095D-0.200D or 0.179d-0.370d from the upper end to the lower end of the side wall of the main combustion chamber of the piston cavity. The above half-circle is centered at a point where it is on a circumference whose radius is in the range of 0.105D-0.238D or 0.190d-0.446d from the center of the main combustion chamber circle and is located in between two sprays.

Abstract: An engine with a variable combustion chamber has a a first combustion chamber defined in a piston slidably disposed in a cylinder, a second combustion chamber defined in a cylinder head and communicating with the cylinder through a communication port, and a valve for opening and closing the communication port. When the engine is under low load, the valve is closed and fuel is injected into the first combustion chamber, so that the engine operates as a direct-injection-type engine. When the engine is under high load, the valve is opened and fuel is injected into the second combustion chamber, so that the engine operates as a prechamber-type engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine including a pair of intake valves. A masking wall is provided for each intake valve to mask the valve opening between the valve seat and the peripheral portion of the intake valve, which is located on the exhaust valve side, for the entire time for which the intake valve is open. The exhaust valves open earlier than the intake valves, and the exhaust valves and the intake valves are closed at substantially the same time.

Abstract: The present invention is a catalytic ignition engine (10) having a catalytic hot plug (14) mounted therein for 24 alcohol fuel. The hot plug (28) comprises a base material (32) coated at least partially with a catalyst (34), preferably platinum, and mounted on the top of the piston (18). The hot plug (11) is heated by combustion and is mounted on a support member (30) designed to reduce heat transfer from the hot plug (11) to piston (18). Consequently, the hot plug (11) remains at a temperature sufficiently high to cause ignition of alcohol fuel when the fuel is sprayed into the cylinder bore (14).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a spark plug arranged at the center of the inner wall of the cylinder head, and a fuel injector arranged on the periphery of the inner wall of the cylinder head. A depression extending from the position beneath the spark plug to the position beneath the tip portion of the fuel injector is formed on the top face of the piston, and fuel is injected toward the depression. When the engine is operating under a heavy load, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at substantially a right angle. When the engine is operating under a light load, the injection time is retarded, and at this time, the fuel moving along the axis of injection impinges upon the concaved inner wall of the depression at an acute angle.

Abstract: A piston for use in an internal combustion engine and including a central portion; a side wall portion adapted for sliding engagement with a cylinder; a connector end adapted for connection with a connecting rod; and a driven end adapted to receive combustion generated forces. The driven end defines a primary chamber adapted to receive fuel and accommodate combustion thereof; and the central body portion defines an auxiliary chamber, an inlet port providing a fuel injection path between the primary and auxiliary chambers, and outlet port means providing between the auxiliary and primary chambers a discharge path for combustion products generated by combustion in the auxiliary chamber.

Abstract: We provide a torch fuel cell for a dual gas-liquid fuel engine, the torch fuel cell being positioned internally of the variable volume chamber formed by the cylinder, piston and cylinder head which accepts and is adapted to compress the air/gas mixture forming the main fuel source. Preferably, the torch fuel cell is carried by the piston at, or adjacent to, the end face thereof. Suitable means are provided to deliver liquid fuel into an auto-ignition chamber in the fuel cell and other means for delivering the thermal and chemical products of such auto-ignition into the variable volume chamber to ignite the main gaseous fuel source.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having an air blast valve which injects fuel together with pressurized air in the form of a conical shaped spray of fuel. A depression is formed on the top face of the piston, and the conical shaped spray of fuel is injected from the air blast valve toward the depression. The longitudinal width of the depression in the moving direction of the spray of fuel is larger than the transverse width of the depression in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the spray of fuel, and the opposing side walls of the depression, which define the transverse width of the depression, are positioned slightly outward from the side face of the conical shaped spray of fuel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprising a piston having a top face with a depression formed therein, and a first fuel injector and a second fuel injector arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder head. Fuel is injected from the first fuel injector when the position of the piston is high, and fuel is injected from the second fuel injector when the position of the piston is low. The axes of fuel injection of both fuel injectors are determined such that fuel injected from the fuel injectors is directed to the central portion of the depression.

Abstract: A direct fuel injection type spark ignition internal combustion engine includes a piston/cylinder structure including a deep dish portion, a peripheral portion, and a shallow dish portion. The peripheral portion has a depth smaller than the deep dish portion and greater than the shallow dish portion and a diameter larger than the deep dish portion and smaller than the shallow dish portion. At medium engine loads, fuel is injected toward an edge portion defined between the deep dish portion and the peripheral portion and is divided by the edge portion into two portions. One portion flows into the peripheral portion and is evaporated to generate a moderately rich air-fuel mixture which helps to propagate flame from the deep dish portion to the remaining portion of a combustion chamber including the shallow dish portion.

Abstract: The diesel engine includes a first combustion chamber defined by a recess in a piston top and a projection formed in the first combustion chamber. The projection stands on a bottom wall of the first combustion chamber. A second combustion chamber is formed inside the projection. A fuel introduction opening is formed at a top of the projection to allow fuel to come into the second combustion chamber and combustion gas exit openings are formed in a side of the projection to allow gases produced upon combustion in the second combustion chamber to go out of the second combustion chamber and enter the first combustion chamber. A fuel injection nozzle injects fuel into the first combustion chamber before the top dead center of the piston. Swirl and squish are produced in the first combustion chamber and make turbulence of fuel and air in the first combustion chamber.

Abstract: A projection positioned in the center of a concave section of a toroidal combustion chamber is divided into a section with a steep slope extending from the bottom to the head surface and a section with a gentle slope. The head surface is in the form of a flattened conical trapezoid. Because of its shape, the projection makes it possible for the air which is close to the center section to flow close to the surface of a side wall of the concave section. The air which had been at the center section is added to the amount of air supplied for combustion and is mixed with the fuel in the vicinity of the surface of the side wall of the concave section. By setting the angle at which the air flows along the side wall surface (re-entrant angle) in the combustion chamber, the flow of the air close to the side wall surface is made turbulent, which improves the agitation of the fuel.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel arrangement of a combustion chamber for diesel engines, which is defined by an inner wall including a fuel-impinging area formed of a metallic material, and a remaining area which at least partly is formed of a ceramic material or a like heat-resisting material. The arrangement serves to achieve an effective exhaust gas clarification, including the minimization of NOx emission, and to realize increased power output and reduced fuel consumption of the engine.

Abstract: An engine with a variable combustion chamber has a a first combustion chamber defined in a piston slidably disposed in a cylinder, a second combustion chamber defined in a cylinder head and communicating with the cylinder through a communication port, and a valve for opening and closing the communication port. When the engine is under low load, the valve is closed and fuel is injected into the first combustion chamber, so that the engine operates as a direct-injection-type engine. When the engine is under high load, the valve is opened and fuel is injected into the second combustion chamber, so that the engine operates as a prechamber-type engine.

Abstract: We provide a torch cell for a dual gas-liquid fuel engine, the torch cell has a torch cell nozzle at one end thereof and the other end having appropriate means to connect said torch cell to a fuel supply. A fuel injector is mounted in said torch cell at a predetermined angle to an axis of said torch cell. The torch cell has an auto-ignition chamber that is in operative communication with the injector by an injector nozzle passageway. The injector nozzle passageway enters the auto-ignition chamber at a predetermined angle relative to the cell axis. The torch cell provides an improved dual fuel engine and method for operating a dual fuel engine by use of its autoignition chamber. We also provide a cylinder head which can replace present dual fuel engine cylinder heads. Our cylinder head has at least one of our torch cells operatively connected to the cylinder head.