Abstract: The two-cycle internal combustion engine includes an engine block having a cylindrical wall defining a cylinder having a head end, a piston mounted for reciprocative movement in the cylinder, and a passage in the engine block, such as an exhaust passage, a transfer passage, or a crankcase fuel intake passage, terminating at the cylinder wall in a port, such as an exhaust port, a transfer port or a piston-controlled, crankcase fuel intake port, having upper and lower edges. A valve mounted in the passage for movement relative to the port is operable to selectively vary the effective distance of one of the port edges from the cylinder head end and thereby provide the capability of varying the timing of the port opening and/or closing as required to obtain optimum engine performance at different operating conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to motor vehicles having passenger compartment heating devices. The temperature of the cooling water of an engine may be increased at idling speeds and low speed states by throttling the engine exhaust to increase fuel consumption. A throttle device is controlled in accordance with cooling water temperature and passenger compartment temperature, in response to activation by manual control. Manual control is overridden by an accelerator pedal actuated control when the load of the engine rises. Heat is extracted from the engine cooling water by means of a heat exchanger, through which air is driven into the passenger compartment. A brake is connected to an independently actuated device to throttle the exhaust to brake the engine. This arrangement is particularly suitable for use with diesel engines.

Abstract: An engine retarder brake for operating a valve in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine near the end of the exhaust stroke to thereby discharge compressed air and cause the engine to operate as a brake for the vehicle.

Abstract: A water-cooled two stroke engine including a cylinder formed with an exhaust port which is adapted to be cyclically closed by a piston reciprocating in the cylinder. The exhaust port is provided at the upper portion with a port timing control valve which is operated to control the port timing in accordance with the engine speed by a piston-cylinder type actuator. The actuator is adaped to be operated by the engine cooling water pressure and has an operating pressure chamber at one side of the piston and a compensating pressure chamber at the other side. The cooling water supply passage has a flow restriction and the pressure upstream of the restriction is introduced into the operating pressure chamber and that downstream of the restriction into the compensating pressure chamber.

Abstract: A two stroke engine having an exhaust port formed in the cylinder wall. At the upper portion of the exhaust port, there is provided a rotary type exhaust timing control valve which is adapted to be actuated by a centrifugal governor device to control the exhaust timing in accordance with the engine speed. The centrifugal governor device has a governor shaft which extends coaxially with the engine crankshaft and directly connected at one end with the adjacent end of the crankshaft.

Abstract: Two stroke engine having variable exhaust timing, which includes an exhaust timing control member disposed in the exhaust passage in the vicinity of the exhaust port. The control member is of an arcuately curved contour having diameter gradually decreasing from one end toward the other end so that it can readily be assembled in the cylinder simply by inserting from one side of the cylinder. The control member has a longitudinal axis which is inclined with respect to a line perpendicular to a line passing through the center axis of the cylinder and the center of the exhaust port so that the smaller diameter end is closer to the center axis of the cylinder than the large diameter end for making it possible to locate the arcuately curved contour of the control member substantially along the cylinder wall.

Abstract: Two stroke engine having an exhaust port provided with a rotary type timing control valve at the upper portion thereof. The control valve is connected with a centrifugal actuator which is responsive to the engine speed so that the exhaust port is wide open under a high speed engine operation but covered at the upper portion by said control valve under a low speed operation to change the exhaust port timing.

Abstract: A very heavy vehicle may tend to run away on a steep gradient and as a result the engine is liable to be overspeeded with consequential risk of damage especially to its valve mechanism. The invention aims to prevent overspeeding by providing a servo mechanism operable automatically above a predetermined engine speed to apply an exhaust brake. The servo mechanism preferably comprises a centrifugal clutch normally held disengaged by springs and disposed on a shaft driven by the engine. Angular movement of the driven member of the clutch due to its engagement by engine speed in excess of the predetermined value is limited to, say, 60.degree. by a stop, and said member is mechanically linked to the operating means of the exhaust brake.

Abstract: Improving the operation of a diesel engine at light loads in which the engine includes a plurality of cylinders, a piston in each cylinder, a fuel injector for each cylinder, an air blower for supplying air to the cylinders and an exhaust manifold. A valve is pivotally positioned in the exhaust manifold, and biasing means is connected to the valve acting to bias the valve towards a closed position. The modulating valve restricts the flow from the manifold at light loads thereby maintaining a back pressure on the exhaust at lighter loads for improving engine performance, but opens wider by exhaust flow from the manifold at higher loads. An adjustable stop may be positioned in the path of travel of the valve preventing the valve from entirely closing. The valve may be a butterfly valve pivotally supported off-center and the biasing means may include a weight connected to a lever arm connected to the pivot supporting the valve. Improved fuel injectors provide less fuel than normal injectors at lighter loads.

Abstract: An exhaust brake modulating control system is provided for an internal combustion engine having a turbo-charger and source of pressurized fluid. The system includes a double-acting piston-cylinder assembly having one cylinder end communicating with the engine exhaust manifold and an opposite end separated from the one end by a piston head. An adjustable control valve is provided having an outlet connected to the cylinder second end, and a plurality of inlets selectively connected to the outlet. One inlet communicates with the pressurized fluid source and a second inlet is vented to the atmosphere. Communicating with the exhaust manifold is an inlet of a hollow section in which a rotor is rotatably mounted. The hollow section has an outlet separated from the inlet by the rotor. The outlet communicates with the turbine wheel chamber of the turbo-charger. When the rotor assumes a first selected position, substantially unrestricted exhaust gas flow past the rotor occurs.