Abstract: An air assist device comprising a plurality of air intake ports formed in the inner wall of an intake duct around a throttle valve. An assist air chamber is formed above the air intake ports and an assist air outflow port is formed in the assist air chamber. To allow the liquid substances flowing from the air intake ports to the assist air chamber to flow down to the assist air outflow port by gravity, the bottom wall of the assist air chamber descends toward the assist air outflow port.

Abstract: The engine has at least first and second stepped cylinders with the pistons therein operated from the same crankshaft at different portions of the engine cycle. The pistons in the cylinders to define a combustion space and first and second air compression spaces. The combustion space can expand a combusted fuel/air mixture and a double-acting air cylinder of the first cylinder is connected to deliver charging air to its own combustion space and deliver purging air to the combustion space of the other cylinder. Pressure lubrication for the cylinder walls is provided by oil sprays through openings in the piston skirts, with drainage back to the crankcase.

Abstract: A control device of a lean-burn engine has an electronic control unit. Upon start of switching from stoichiometric driving to lean driving, the control unit (10) derives, from a map, a target pressure (P0) and a basic opening degree (D0) of an idling speed control valve, serving as an air bypass valve, based on the throttle opening degree (TPS) and the engine rotation speed (Ne) at the start of the switching. The control unit supplies driving pulses (N) of a number corresponding to the basic opening degree (D0) to a stepper motor (32) of the idling speed control valve. Then, the control unit supplies the stepper motor with driving pulses of a number corresponding to an opening degree correction amount (D1) which in turn corresponds to a deviation between the target intake pressure (P0) and an actual intake pressure (PB), to thereby suppress a change in the torque at the time of switching between the rich driving, including the stoichiometric driving, and the lean driving of the lean-burn engine.

Abstract: A nozzle is provided for a fuel injection system in which a cap is disposed around a common termination of a first and second conduit. The first and second conduits are associated in coaxial and concentric relation with each other. A liquid fuel is transmitted through the first conduit and air is transmitted through the second conduit. The air is taken into the second conduit at atmospheric pressure without the need for an air compressor. An opening is formed in the cap of the nozzle to allow the fine mist formed at the common termination of the first and second conduit to flow out of the nozzle and into an air stream, such as within an intake manifold, for transport in the air stream to the combustion chamber of a cylinder within the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of induction systems for internal combustion engines having fuel injector which spray fuel into the intake passages serving the individual combustion chambers. An arrangement is provided for injecting auxiliary air into the intake passages at atmospheric pressure. The timing and duration of air injection is varied so as to reduce pumping losses, control internal EGR, induce turbulence in the combustion chamber, control idle speed and to atomize the fuel injected by the fuel injectors, and, if desired, redirect it. Various valving and timing arrangements are disclosed whereby the duration and timing of the air injection can be controlled. In addition, embodiments are disclosed having insert pieces through which the fuel is injected and redirected by the air injected.

Abstract: A lean burn engine adapted to establish a specified air-fuel ratio leaner by predetermined rate than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in a range of low engine speeds and low engine loads is provided with an air intake system of a low speed type which provides a high charging efficiency in a range of low engine speeds and an exhaust system capable of eliminating a nitrogen oxide emission in the exhaust even during lean burning.

Abstract: Apparatus for supplying a mixture of oxidizer and fuel to an internal-combustion engine includes a frame supporting oxidizer supply lines and fuel supply lines, the frame being mounted above an intake manifold and below the engine's carburetor. Discharge ports in the oxidizer and fuel supply lines are positioned so that a high-velocity flow of oxidizer entrains and atomizes a stream of fuel from an adjacent fuel-discharge port; each oxidizer port is aimed toward the mouth of a passage in the intake manifold so the stream of mixed oxidizer and fuel is directed into the passage without reducing the level of vacuum in the intake manifold plenum and so that the stream of oxidizer and fuel urges increased amounts of fuel-air mixture from the carburetor into the passage.

Abstract: A fuel injection system including an air induction tube connected to an intake manifold, an air suction tube leading therefrom mounted on an injector, interfacing with an air passage concentrically around a fuel supply tube and an injection hole of a valve seat, and a ring-shaped valve formed on an outer circumference of the fuel supply tube and having a diameter slightly larger than or equal to that of the air passage to open and close the air passage. When the engine operates, application of electricity to magnetize a solenoid coil results in a plunger being lifted within the injector, opening the air passage. The front end of the air passage is flared to comply with an injection angle of the nozzle such that when fuel is injected through the nozzle of the needle valve, air fed from the air passage can surround the fuel, resulting in a stratified mixture of fuel and air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for controlling the intake air of a spark-ignition four-stroke engine with direct injection of fuel into combustion chamber (1), comprising a main pipe (2) equipped with a throttling means (9), at least a first (3) and a second (4) intake pipe coming from main pipe (2) and opening each into combustion chamber (1), a pipe (7) for recycling the exhaust gases back to the intake equipped with a throttling means (8) and that opens downstream from the throttling means (9) of the main pipe and a means for controlling the air flow supplied to the combustion chamber. According to the invention, said air flow control means comprises a pipe (10) mounted as a bypass on said main pipe (2), around the throttling means (9) thereof, said pipe (10) having a section substantially equal to that of main pipe (2), and a means (11, 12; 14) allowing to seal at least said bypass (10) as a function of the running conditions of the engine.

Abstract: A nitrous oxide nozzle for inserting a mixture of oxidizer and fuel into a passage of an engine's intake manifold has two inlet ports, each of which communicate with a conduit. A nitrous oxide conduit vents into the apex of a bell-shaped emitter, and a fuel conduit vents into a side portion of an atomizing cavity adjacent the emitter, so that high-pressure nitrous oxide gas flowing through the emitter entrains fuel flowing through the fuel conduit, then atomizes the fuel and mixes with the fuel. The bell shape of the emitter provides improved mixing of fuel with the nitrous oxide; the discharged fuel/oxidizer mixture from the emitter is introduced into air flowing through an engine's intake manifold, and is conveyed to a cylinder for burning.

Abstract: Proposed is an auxiliary starter, particularly for a diesel engine, having an auxiliary starting device (16) which is disposed in a combustion chamber or in an intake pipe and brings an injection stream of a fuel introduced into the combustion chamber or the intake pipe into an ignitable state. The auxiliary starting device (16) is an oxygen pump cell (18) which operates on the basis of an oxygen-ion-conducting solid electrolyte, and with which oxygen is pumped into at least the edge zone of the injection stream (15).

Abstract: An engine, having an intake passage, a throttle valve arranged in the intake passage, and a fuel injector arranged in the intake passage for injecting fuel into the intake passage, comprises an air-flow control valve arranged in the intake passage between the fuel injector and the throttle valve. The air-flow control valve is controlled to close during the engine starting operation, and to open after the engine starting operation completes. The air-flow control valve has a valve element having an axis about which the element is rotatable when the valve is opened or closed. The rotational direction of the valve element is selected so that air flowing through the valve is guided by the valve toward the fuel injector when the air-flow control valve is controlled to an intermediate open position which is between the closed position and the full open position.

Abstract: In an engine air assisted fuel injection system, it is desirable to provide a first range of air flow during engine idle and at low loading conditions. At greater engine speeds and higher loading conditions, a substantially greater second range of air flow is desired. This flow characteristic is achieved by the subject air metering device having dual valve members mounted on an axially positionable shaft. The valves are mounted so that initial movements of the shaft opens only one valve to provide flows within the first range. Further movement of the shaft then opens the second valve to provide flows within the second range.

Abstract: An open/close means M1 opens or closes an EGR passage. An engine load detecting means M2 detects an engine load, such as an intake air amount or an intake air pressure. Either an open. condition or a closed condition of the open/close means M1 is specified as a referential state, while the other is specified as a non-referential state. A memory means M3 memorizes engine loads at the referential state and the non-referential state. A constant acceleration judging means M4 makes a judgement as to whether or not the operational condition of the engine is in a constant accelerating condition. An open/close control means M5 switches the open/close means M1 from the referential state to the non-referential state in response to a constant accelerating condition detected by the constant acceleration judging means M4.

Abstract: An air supply control system for selectively supplying ambient air, oxygen enriched air and nitrogen enriched air to an intake of an internal combustion engine includes an air mixing chamber that is in fluid communication with the air intake. At least a portion of the ambient air flowing to the mixing chamber is selectively diverted through a secondary path that includes a selectively permeable air separating membrane device due a differential pressure established across the air separating membrane. The permeable membrane device separates a portion of the nitrogen in the ambient air so that oxygen enriched air (permeate) and nitrogen enriched air (retentate) are produced. The oxygen enriched air and the nitrogen enriched air can be selectively supplied to the mixing chamber or expelled to atmosphere.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and a device for improving combustion in combustion processes and to achieve cleaner emissions. An oxidizer in gaseous form is introduced to metal-containing surfaces or surfaces onto which oxidizers can deposit in the combustion area or its proximity so that a direct convergence with the fuel feed and its admixture with air is obtained. The regulation of the flow supply is effected with an engine feedback control system. The following are also effected by the control system: the gaseous flow, the flow speed and concentration according to the engine load, motor speed, temperature, fuel consumption and gaseous emissions.

Abstract: An oxygen-enriched air intake control system for an internal combustion engine includes air directing apparatus to control the air flow into the intake of the engine. During normal operation of the engine, ambient air flowing from an air filter of the engine flows through the air directing apparatus into the intake of the engine. In order to decrease the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions that tend to be produced by the engine during a short period of time after the engine is started, the air directing apparatus diverts for a short period of time following the start up of the engine at least a portion of the ambient air from the air filter through a secondary path. The secondary path includes a selectively permeable membrane through which the diverted portion of the ambient air flows.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of induction systems for internal combustion engines having fuel injector which spray fuel into the intake passages serving the individual combustion chambers. An arrangement is provided for injecting auxiliary air into the intake passages at atmospheric pressure. The timing and duration of air injection is varied so as to reduce pumping losses, control internal EGR, induce turbulence in the combustion chamber, control idle speed and to atomize the fuel injected by the fuel injectors, and, if desired, redirect it. Various valving and timing arrangements are disclosed whereby the duration and timing of the air injection can be controlled. In addition, embodiments are disclosed having insert pieces through which the fuel is injected and redirected by the air injected.

Abstract: In known inlet valves, condensation of the fuel, which is precipitated in the form of a wall film, occurs at the inlet valve, in particular when the internal combustion engine is in the cold state. Relatively large fuel droplets, which cause an increase in the harmful components in the exhaust gas, can break away from the wall film. The inlet valve according to the invention has a hollow shaft into which compressed air flows via at least one inlet shaft opening, the compressed air then flowing out again from at least one outlet opening which is provided on one side of the inlet valve facing away from the combustion space of the internal combustion engine. As a result of the outflowing compressed air, an air film is produced around the valve head, which air film prevents condensation of the fuel. The inlet valve is provided in particular for mixture-compressing, spark ignition internal combustion engines.

Abstract: An elongated fuel-air bypass is connected between an outlet port of a fuel-air mixing device and an inlet port of an intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. The elongated bypass apparatus includes an elongated bypass conduit formed of a thermally conductive material and which has sufficient length, exterior surface area and thermal conductivity to enable it to cause liquid fuel introduced through the fuel-air mixing device to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state prior entry into the one or more cylinders of the internal combustion engine. Turbulence creating mechanisms, such as venturis or baffles, are provided in the elongated bypass conduit for creating turbulence in the fuel-air mixture flowing therethrough. An after-air supply tube is provided to supply after-air near an upstream end of the fuel-air bypass conduit, and is controlled by an after-air valve to provide for a lean fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a multi-valve internal combustion engine that includes an arrangement for controlling the fuel spray in response to engine load and speed. As a result, it is possible to obtain stratification under low-speed, low-load conditions and a homogeneous mixture under high-speed, high-load conditions.

Abstract: A device for controlling the idling speed of an internal combustion engine by controlling a quantity of operating medium which can be fed to the internal combustion engine from an operating medium source via at least two flow lines. A first valve operating area is controlled at a first valve opening by a first valve closing element, and a second valve opening area is controlled at a second valve opening by a second valve closing element. The first and the second valve closing elements can be adjusted by an actuator in such a way that the first valve opening and the second valve opening are arranged in series one behind the other between the operating medium source and the intake port of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An engine power enhancement/pollution control system which utilizes a vortex air separator. The invention comprises a compressor for receiving air from the environment and providing high pressure air output. The high pressure air output is cooled to partially liquefied air having a mass fraction of less than 30% liquid. A vortex air separation apparatus is provided for separating the partially liquefied air into gaseous nitrogen enriched air and liquid oxygen enriched air. The oxygen enriched air is introduced to an internal combustion engine, thereby enhancing the power of the engine and minimizing pollution thereof.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve includes a valve body to which liquid to be injected is supplied. A nozzle tip is connected with an end portion of the valve body. A valve member is installed in the valve body to stop and start a supply of the liquid to the nozzle tip. The nozzle tip has first and second nozzle holes which are formed so that fluid injected through the first nozzle hole is collided with fluid injected through the second nozzle hole and that a ratio between a square root of a cross-sectional area of the first nozzle hole and a square root of a cross-sectional area of the second nozzle hole is within a range 1.25 to 3.5. Therefore, the collided fuel is effectively atomized as a result of a resonance phenomenon by the collision.

Abstract: A valve timing control device for an internal combustion engine. The device comprises a variable valve timing mechanism capable of varying a valve overlap period; an increasing unit capable of increasing an amount of intake air in at least the idle condition; a determination unit for determining an optimal value of the valve overlap period in the current engine operating condition, on the basis of current engine speed, load, and temperature; a first controller for controlling the variable valve timing mechanism such that the valve overlap period becomes larger than the optimal value in an idle condition when the engine has not warmed up; and a second controller for controlling the increasing unit such that an amount of intake air is increased in an idle condition when the engine has not warmed up.

Abstract: A method of reducing oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.X) in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine includes producing oxygen enriched air and nitrogen enriched air by an oxygen enrichment device. The oxygen enriched air may be provided to the intake of the internal combustion engine for mixing with fuel. In order to reduce the amount of NO.sub.X in the exhaust of the internal combustion engine, the molecular nitrogen in the nitrogen enriched air produced by the oxygen enrichment device is subjected to a corona or arc discharge so as to create a plasma and as a result, atomic nitrogen. The resulting atomic nitrogen then is injected into the exhaust of the internal combustion engine causing the oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust to be reduced into nitrogen and oxygen. In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen enrichment device that produces both the oxygen and nitrogen enriched air can include a selectively permeable membrane.

Abstract: The injector has two calibrated holes that deliver two jets of fuel into a zone into which there open out defined holes for passing air that are formed in a spray-generating adapter which is fed with air from a channel that is substantially at atmospheric pressure. The air-passing holes are distributed and oriented in such a manner that when steep pneumatic gradients are applied across the holes, at low or medium engine loads, one of the two sprayed fuel jets is deflected towards the other and mixes therewith to form a single jet confined in one only of the two intake manifold ducts, while at high engine loads both of them are fed. The injector is suitable for fitting to internal combustion engines fed by a multipoint injection installation and having two intake manifold ducts per combustion chamber.

Abstract: A pollution control system for an internal combustion engine comprises a mechanism for separating air from the environment into nitrogen enriched air and oxygen enriched air. The nitrogen enriched air is introduced to an internal combustion engine, thereby reducing engine combustion temperature and concomitantly reducing oxides of nitrogen (NO.sub.x). A mechanism is also provided for introducing oxygen enriched air to the exhaust products of the internal combustion engine, the mixing of the exhaust products with oxygen enriched air minimizes pollution.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine having an air supply passage for supplying air to a point close to the fuel injection hole of a fuel injector to realize good atomization of the injected fuel. The system comprises an air supply passage, a control valve arranged therein, an opening passage for opening the air supply passage downstream of said control valve into the atmosphere, and a normally closed valve arranged therein. The normally closed valve is opened when an increased amount of pressure for a predetermined period in the intake passage downstream of the throttle valve becomes larger than a predetermined value. Accordingly, the pressure in the air supply passage does not become lower than that in the intake passage downstream of the throttle valve so that a back-flow of intake air can be prevented.

Abstract: To inhibit an air pulsating sound resulting from the opening and closing of the air control valve in a cold engine and to improve controllability of ISC functions in an assist air supply apparatus. When an engine is cold based on a cooling water temperature sensor, opening control is performed so as to control the amount of supplied assist air by controlling the opening degree of an air control valve. When the engine is warming-up, injection synchronization control is performed, in which opening and closing of the air control valve are controlled in synchronization with fuel injection from the fuel injection valves. Therefore, it is possible to suppress air pulsating noise resulting from the opening and closing the air control valve when the engine is warming up and to improve controllability of ISC functions in an assist air supply apparatus.

Abstract: A piston within the body of the valve is connected to an actuator and is integral with stops. After a first stroke of the piston from its position against the first seat, the first stops entrain second stops integral with a second piston, to entrain this with the first piston over a second stroke, from the position of application of the second piston to its seat. This feeds air-assisted injectors through the outlet over the first stroke, and in addition, over the second stroke to admit air through the outlet bypassing a throttle valve. Control of a single actuator allows the airflow to be regulated through each of the two outlets in succession.

Abstract: The invention provides a malfunctional detecting apparatus for an assist air control system for internal combustion engines, which is capable of detecting malfunction such as the deterioration of the response of air control valve. A fuel injection valve is provided at downstream side of a throttle valve in an intake passage, and assist air passage is introduced into an injection port of the fuel injection valve. The assist air passage is open or closed by an air control valve which is operated in synchronism with the fuel injection valve. The assist air passage pressure sensor for detecting assist air pressure is provided in the assist air passage. The malfunction of the air control valve is judged based on the assist air pressure immediately after the air control valve is operated.

Abstract: A combined fuel regulator and single point metering system comprises a diaphragm-type fuel regulator mounted at one end of a single point injector which carries a solenoid valve operated plunger movable with respect to a fuel distribution block located within the hollow interior of the injector base. The injector base is divided into a fuel outlet cavity located on one side of the fuel distribution block, and an air chamber located on the opposite side which is connected by a one-way valve to source of ambient air, and is also adapted for connection to a turbocharger or the like. The fuel distribution block is formed with a number of passages each directly connected to an air-fuel nozzle within which the fuel and air are intermixed for delivery through separate tubes to each of the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An assist air control system for an internal combustion engine introduces, via an assist air passage bypassing a throttle valve, a portion of intake air flowing in an intake pipe upstream of the throttle valve to an area where fuel is injected from a fuel injection valve, so as to facilitate atomization of the injected fuel. The assist air passage includes a flow control unit for opening and closing the assist air passage. The degree of opening of the assist air passage is limited to a value that is reduced as an engine temperature increases, while increased as an engine load increases. The opening degree of the flow control unit may be controlled electrically, mechanically, or both. In this case, the electrically controlled opening degree value is set smaller than the mechanically controlled opening degree value.

Abstract: In a low pressure continuous flow fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, an electric fuel pump (18) is energized with a variable duty cycle to vary the pumped volume output of the pump according to engine fuel requirements. The duty cycle is varied to energize the pump to pump substantially only the amount of fuel required by the engine, such that at idle or low engine speed, the pump is energized a lower percentage of the time than at high engine speed. Fuel flow through the fuel injector (12) is continuous, but energization of the pump is not, such that the pump is not pumping at full capacity when unneeded. An electric idle air control valve (54) is also energized with a variable duty cycle to vary the amount of bypass idle air supplied to the intake manifold (10).

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine, engine cylinders are divided into a plurality of cylinder groups. An air passage is provided for supplying mixing air to areas near injection holes of fuel injection valves so as to facilitate atomization of fuel injected from the respective fuel injection valves. The air passage is opened synchronously with a fuel injection of each fuel injection valve such that the mixing air is selectively distributed to the above-noted areas per cylinder group. The mixing air is distributed for such a cylinder group that includes the engine cylinder being injected with the fuel from the corresponding fuel injection valve. The air passage includes a branch portion for the distribution of the mixing air to the above-noted areas. Capacities of the air passage from the branch portion to the respective fuel injection valves may be set substantially equal to each other so as to further facilitate the atomization of the injected fuel.

Abstract: A variable-compression internal-combustion engine has a two-stage cylinder with a relatively large diameter at a first-stage, supercharge end, which is also a power-takeoff end, than at a second-stage, combustion end of the cylinder. Intake air is drawn into the first-stage, supercharge end of the cylinder by a matching larger-diameter, first-stage, supercharge end of a two-stage piston during a compression stroke of a two-stroke cycle of the two-stage piston. During a power stroke, intake air is directed into and contained under pressure in an air-transfer passage that is positioned circumferentially and externally around an outside periphery of a bottom end of the first-stage cylinder.

Abstract: The present invention involves an air regulation system for an internal combustion engine. The system comprises an air intake manifold, in turn presenting a main conduit with a throttle valve, and a bypass conduit with a regulating valve. An inlet and outlet are defined along the main conduit respectively upstream and downstream from the throttle valve. The system includes a device for controlling the regulating valve and sensors for detecting the speed and air intake of the engine. A processor determines the regulating valve control signal on the basis of engine speed. The processor then calculates the theoretical position of the regulating valve on the basis of engine speed and load. The processor calculates the estimated post-control position of the regulating valve on the basis of the readings of the sensors and compares the theoretical and estimated positions to generate an error signal. Finally, the processor varies the regulating valve control signal on the basis of the error signal.

Abstract: In a fuel injection system for an engine, the degree of opening of a throttle valve provided in the suction pipe is detected with a throttle valve sensor. When the load of the engine is smaller than a predetermined value, a control unit operates to close an electromagnetic valve provided in a bypass passageway of the suction pipe, thereby setting the flow rate of air in the bypass passageway to zero or an extremely small value, whereby, when the load of the engine is higher than the predetermined value, the quantities of exhaust gases of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are reduced, and when the engine is under a light load, the fuel consumption is reduced.

Abstract: In an engine induction system, a drive frequency f1 of an ISC valve 13 for duty control and a characteristic frequency f2 of an intake passage between an air cleaner 8 and a throttle valve 11 are set so as to obtain a relationship: (3/4)f1.ltoreq.f2.ltoreq.(5/4)f1. In this set system, a resonance chamber 17 is connected to the intake passage between the air cleaner 8 and the throttle valve 11 to thereby deaden the vibration caused by the driving of the ISC valve 13. Accordingly, the engine induction system is allowed to prevent the amplification of the vibration accompanying the actuation of the ISC valve so as to prevent the deterioration of the detection accuracy of an airflow meter while being allowed to meet requirements such as an improvement in the responsiveness when the ISC valve disposed in an ISC pipe is duty controlled.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine introduces, via an air passage bypassing a throttle valve, a portion of intake air flowing in an induction system of the engine to an area where fuel is injected from a fuel injection valve, so as to facilitate atomization of the injected fuel. The air passage includes therein a flow control unit for opening and closing the air passage. During an engine idling, a total opening time of the air passage effected by the flow control unit is variably controlled for adjusting a supply mount of the intake air through the air passage so as to realize a target idling engine speed. As a result, the intake air fed through the air passage works not only to facilitate the atomization of the injected fuel, but also to control the idling engine speed to the target value.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously increasing combustion efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. Oxygen enriched air (i.e., air from which a portion of the nitrogen has been removed so that the oxygen concentration is higher than in normal air) and water droplets of predetermined size are both present in the cylinder of a four cycle internal combustion engine during the power/combustion stroke. Oxygen enriched air may be mixed with normal air drawn into the combustion chamber during the intake stroke. Also, and alternatively, the droplets may be water or H.sub.2 O.sub.2 bubbles filled with normal or oxygen-enriched air.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine is provided. This fuel injection system includes a plurality of fuel injection valves each arranged to inject fuel into an intake port of each cylinder of the engine, an air passage connected to a portion of an air intake passage leading to the intake ports, a plurality of branch air passages each communicating with a preselected portion around an injection nozzle of each fuel injection valve, an air control valve, connecting between the air passage and the plurality of branch air passages, for selectively introducing a portion of intake air in the air intake passage to the preselected portions around the injection nozzles of the fuel injection valves.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control apparatus capable of preventing production of a torque shock which is liable to be caused in an engine when the air-fuel ratio is varied for a change between rich combustion and lean combustion. When the engine is in any other operating state than a specific operating state, an electronic control unit of the apparatus subjects a valve, which is disposed in a first bypass line for bypassing a throttle valve to on/off-duty control in accordance with the difference between a target suction air amount necessary for control for a lean air-fuel ration, computed according to a throttle valve opening detected by a throttle sensor, and a suction air amount detected by an airflow sensor, and urges a bypass valve for opening a negative-pressure responsive valve in a second bypass line. As a result, a predetermined amount of air is allowed to be supplied to the engine through the throttle valve and the first and second bypass lines.

Abstract: An automatic control system is shown to vary the mixture of fuel-to-air in a conventional internal combustion engine to minimize resulting pollutants and maximize engine efficiency and performance. The system senses manifold vacuum and engine acceleration and based, in part, upon such inputs forces the mixture leaner until an instability event is detected at which time the system rapidly forces the mixture richer at a predetermined rate and time period to overcome the instability. The mixture is then again gradually forced leaner. The rate of leaning is controlled by the vacuum pressure so that no leaning occurs at or near full throttle and the rate of leaning is decreased either gradually or incrementally as power requirements decrease. The air-to-fuel ratio may be adjusted by regulating the introduction of secondary air or by adjusting the quantity of fuel injection. A control system for individually monitoring and correcting fuel injection rates of individual cylinders is provided.

Abstract: In an assist-air type fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine in which an assist-air for atomizing fuel is supplied toward an injected fuel on the lower stream of a nozzle hole of a fuel injection valve, a pressure detection part for detecting a pressure of the above assist-air is provided at the fuel injection valve, and the pressure of the assist-air detected at the above pressure detection part is supplied as a signal pressure to a pressure regulator for regulating a fuel supply pressure to the fuel injection valve. Without being affected by the assist-air pressure, a fuel flow rate can be stabilized, whereby control accuracy of the fuel injection amount can be maintained favorably.

Abstract: An apparatus including a first chamber in operative communication with a carburetor to receive carburetor fluid flow therefrom, directing such fluid flow through a central conduit into a second chamber in operative fluid communication with an intake manifold of an associated internal combustion engine, such that the central conduit is arranged for the heating and associated gaseous flow from the carburetor to the intake manifold.

Abstract: The system for controlling the air/fuel mixture introduced into a lean burn engines includes a fuel/air mixing carburetor that is connected to the intake conduit to the engine and an air by-pass conduit that is also connected to the intake conduit. The main throttle valve is located downstream of the connection between the carburation conduit and the by-pass conduit so that mixing of the carbureted fuel/air mixture with the by-pass air occurs upstream of the main throttle valve. Accordingly, the main throttle valve does not control the air/fuel ratio but rather controls the quantity of fuel being introduced into the engine. The by-pass throttle valve may be controlled by an oxygen sensor in the exhaust system or by a fuel sensor in the intake system, when operating on natural gas, gasoline, hydrogen or alcohol fuel, as desired.

Abstract: An air intake arrangement for an internal combustion engine comprising: a main air intake conduit leading to a gas intake valve (241 ) for respective engine cylinders (206 ) and including a main air intake passage (202 ), a main collector chamber (204 ) and independent branching air intake passages (205) for the respective engine cylinders (206) connected in series; a throttle valve (203 ) disposed in the main intake air passage (202 ) for controlling the flow rate of air passing therethrough; an auxiliary air intake passage (210 ) bypassing the main air intake conduit, an inlet port of the auxiliary air intake passage (210 ) opens into the main air intake passage (202) at the upstream of the throttle valve (203 ), an outlet port (213 ) of the auxiliary air intake passage (210 ) opens into the respective independent branching air intake passages (205) near the gas intake valve (241) for the respective engine cylinders (206 ) in such a manner that gas blown-out from the auxiliary air intake passage (210 ) indu

Abstract: The design and construction of past oxygen injection systems having an oxygen mixer to inject oxygen into an air intake pipe required the use of oxygen in a highly pressurized state. The use of high pressure oxygen required precise pressure control in order to maintain safety. Additionally, the high pressure tank used for storing the oxygen was not space efficient due to the large volume occupied by the oxygen in the gaseous state. The present invention overcomes these problems by utilizing oxygen in the liquid state. Liquid oxygen is stored within a more space efficient storage tank. A solenoid is signaled through an electronic control unit to open under specific operating conditions allowing liquid oxygen to flow from the storage tank. Upon leaving the storage tank, the liquid oxygen is converted to a gaseous state where it flows through an oxygen supply pipe so that the oxygen can be injected by an oxygen mixer into an air intake pipe for mixing with ambient air.