Abstract: There is provided an active iron powder which is suitable for a heat generating composition of a heat generating body, is excellent in rising properties and is excellent in economy by using an iron powder which is generally produced at present and modifying its function into an active iron powder suitable as a raw material of a heat generating body. The invention is concerned with an active iron powder to be contained in a heat generating composition capable of generating heat upon contact with air, characterized in that in the active iron powder, a part of the surface of the iron powder is covered by an iron oxide film; and that a thickness of the iron oxide film is from 3 nm to 100 ?m and is not more than 50% of the total thickness of the active iron powder.

Abstract: Less hazardous methods for generating thermal energy for heating water, medical supplies or comestible products using improved flameless chemical heaters/flameless ration heaters by novel chemical or electrochemical means, each capable of suppressing the generation of hydrogen gas. Remote unit self-heating meals may be more rapidly heated by forming a reaction mixture comprising magnesium or a magnesium-containing alloy, and a hydrogen eliminator or suppressor, and introducing water to react the reaction mixture and generate a more rapid release of thermal energy sufficient to effectuate a more accelerated temperature rise and more rapid heating of medical supplies, water, rations or other comestible substances while simultaneously suppressing or eliminating the generation of potentially hazardous hydrogen.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures that include exothermic generating particles having a water soluble coating encasing a portion of the particles, a volatile component and, optionally an aqueous solution, and a buffer. The reaction mixtures are especially suited to generate heat in a controllable manner. In one such controlled reaction, the reaction components are mixed together and the mixture increases in temperature to a Set Temperature within a predetermined time, and the mixture remains at the Set Temperature for a longer period of time. In this manner, volatile components can be controllably released to the surrounding environment. The volatile components can be, for example, a perfume, a fragrance, an insect repellent, a fumigant, a disinfectant, a bactericide, an insecticide, a pesticide, a germicide, an acaricide, a sterilizer, a deodorizer, a fogging agent and mixtures of these. Apparatuses and methods that use these reaction mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Multi-layer reaction mixtures that includes exothermic generating particles having a water soluble coating encasing a portion of the particles, a volatile component and, optionally, a buffer, an aqueous solution or both. At least two layers of the reaction mixture contain exothermic generating particles and at least one layer of the reaction mixture contains a portion of the exothermic generating particles suspended in a gel that includes the water soluble coating. These multi-layer reaction mixtures are especially suited to generate heat in a controllable manner. In one such controlled reaction, the reaction components are mixed together and the reaction mixture increases in temperature to a Set Temperature within a predetermined time, and the mixture remains at the Set Temperature for a longer period of time. In this manner, volatile components can be controllably released to the surrounding environment.

Abstract: A steam generator device has a first and a second chamber, and walls mutually isolating the two chambers. Reagents which react together to generate steam when in mutual contact are mutually separated by a barrier, and disposed in the first chamber. An opening member forms a first opening between the chambers and a second opening through the barrier. Hence the reagents come into contact via said second opening, the reagents react thereby generating steam, and the steam flows through the first opening into the second chamber.

Abstract: A portable heating pack utilizing a supercorroding metallic alloy that produces heat and gaseous hydrogen upon contacting a corroding liquid. The portable heating pack provides for the consumption and/or storage of the gaseous hydrogen rather than venting the gaseous hydrogen from the portable heating pack.

Abstract: An eye-use steam-generating heating sheet contains a steam-generating composition, which is covered with at least a first moisture-permeable sheet and a second moisture-permeable sheet in that order. The first moisture-permeable sheet has a moisture permeability of at least 600 g/m2/24 hrs, the second moisture-permeable sheet has a moisture permeability has a moisture permeability of 700 to 3000 g/m2/24 hrs, the first moisture-permeable sheet and the second moisture-permeable sheet are provided such that a steam accumulation space is formed therebetween, and at least one of the moisture-permeable sheets covering the steam-generating composition has a water resistance of at least 400 mm. This eye-use steam-generating heating sheet is sealed for storage.

Abstract: A method for making a disposable package for an agent, typically water, activatable substance includes providing a planar support member of a moisture and air barrier material, mounting on the support member a sheet at least in part translucent, sealing all but one edge of the sheet to the support member to provide a pocket fixed to the support member, placing the agent activatable substance in the pocket so as to occupy only a portion of the pocket, folding the support member and pocket upon themselves, and releasably sealing overlying portions of the support member together along all but a folded edge of the support member, to enclose the agent activatable substance, whereby to provide a package which is openable by separating the overlying portions to expose the pocket for introduction of the agent into the pocket to activate the agent activatable substance therein.

Abstract: An eye-use steam-generating heating sheet contains a steam-generating composition, which is covered with at least a first moisture-permeable sheet and a second moisture-permeable sheet in that order. The first moisture-permeable sheet has a moisture permeability of at least 600 g/m2/24 hrs, the second moisture-permeable sheet has a moisture permeability has a moisture permeability of 700 to 3000 g/m2/24 hrs, the first moisture-permeable sheet and the second moisture-permeable sheet are provided such that a steam accumulation space is formed therebetween, and at least one of the moisture-permeable sheets covering the steam-generating composition has a water resistance of at least 400 mm. This eye-use steam-generating heating sheet is sealed for storage.

Abstract: A “chemical heater” in the form of a cartridge containing an exothermic agent such as sodium hydroxide (caustic) soda, or the like, which, when infused into water, releases heat in the form of an exothermic reaction. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, a cartridge is provided which contains the exothermic material. Water or the like is then directed through said cartridge so that the exothermic material dissolves, providing a solution of water infused with the exothermic material. The solution is heated by virtue of the exothermic reaction, said solution passing out of the cartridge and into a bladder located in a pipe, filling same. Situated about the bladder is a patch or sleeve of material including heat cured resin, which is urged to line the pipe by virtue of the bladder inflating, while simultaneously heated to cure same by virtue of the heated solution.

Abstract: Reaction mixtures that include exothermic generating particles having a water soluble coating encasing a portion of the particles and, optionally an aqueous solution, and a buffer. The reaction mixtures are especially suited to generate heat in a controllable manner. In one such controlled reaction, the reaction components are mixed together and the mixture increases in temperature to a Set Temperature within a predetermined time, and the mixture remains at the Set Temperature for a longer period of time. Apparatuses and methods that use these reaction mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A self-heating container (10) has an internal cavity (22) for its contents and an external cavity (20) for a heating mechanism, for example, comprised of first and second chemically reactive materials which are arranged to be mixed when heating is required. A closure (30) closes the external cavity (20). When the heating mechanism is operated to mix the chemicals and cause an exothermic reaction, vapour, such as steam and hot air, is produced. The closure (30) carries an annular sealing flange (100) which engages with an annular shoulder (102) of the container. The sealing flange (100) seals the external cavity to atmosphere and preserves the reactivity of the chemicals therein. However, the sealing flange (100) is moved away from the shoulder (102) when the generation of the vapour increases the pressure in the external cavity (20) whereby the vapour is vented to atmosphere.

Abstract: A self heating pre-moistened wipe(s) package (10) includes a pre-moistened wipe(s) to be heated. The pre-moistened wipe(s) can be of variable size, shape, thickness and material, impregnated with a cleaning solution depending on the application. Within said outer package (10) is a thermal insulated layer (11). Enclosed in said packaging is a solvent activated exothermic chemical pad, powder, liquid or gel, enclosed in an absorbent envelope (21), a bag containing solvent (20) and a pouch for a pre-moistened wipe(s) (13). Enclosed within said package is a trigger mechanism to initiate the reaction either through a pull-tab means or through a pressure/rupturing means. Said trigger mechanism is affixed to said solvent bag (20) so that when triggered, the solvent within can flow out to trigger the exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A container assembly having a generally cylindrical container for warming beverages includes a flexible closed bottom, a lower compartment and a water compartment. A generally U-shaped cup that holds beverage and has a cover has an upper portion that fits snugly with an upper perimeter of the container and a lowest portion that extends below the surface of the water. Extending from the bottom upward is a lower compartment for a salt compound covered by a pierceable foil partition. Perpendicular to the bottom is an annular central divider with a sufficiently sharp upper edge for piercing the partition when pressure is applied to the flexible bottom. The salt stored between the annular central divider and the lower compartment outer wall dissolves in the water upon shaking. The exothermic reaction warms the beverage to ideal temperature because of the proportion of water and salt set for each kind of beverage.

Abstract: The present invention relating to an exothermic decomposition has, as essential components, a water absorptive polymer and/or tackifier, carbon component and/or metal chloride and features that the product is as a whole ink-like or cream-like.

Abstract: A package enables even aged people and children to warm up foods packaged therein by simply inverting a tank and tearing a sealing member sealing the tank. The package (1) includes an outer vessel (2) having a bottom wall (6b) and projections (7) projecting upward from the bottom wall (6b), an inner vessel (3) placed in the outer vessel (2) so as to form a heat generating block containing space (11) and a tank containing space (12) together with the outer vessel (2), a heat generating block (14) contained in the heat generating block containing space (11), and a tank (4) sealed by a sealing member (18), containing a heat generation promoting agent, having recesses (16) in which the projections (7) engage and placed in the tank containing space (12).

Abstract: A closure (30) for a container is designed to facilitate the mixing of a first material within the container with a second material within the closure at the point of use. The first and second materials are generally chemically reactive. The plastics material closure (30) has a base (32) and a lid (34). The base (32), which is circular, has an annular peripheral rim (36) defining an annular recess (38) by which the closure (30) may be clipped onto a container (10). Radially inwardly of the rim (36) is an upstanding peripheral wall (40) defining a chamber (42) for containing the second material. A plunger (44) is affixed to the base (32) centrally of a convex button (50). When mixing of the first and second materials is required, the container (10) is positioned so that the base (32) of the closure is uppermost, and the button (50) is pressed to move the plunger (44) to push the lid (34) out of the opening of the chamber (42).

Abstract: An electrochemical heating pad includes a corrugated sheet having alternating peaks and valleys defining channels of elongated compartments having sidewalls between the peaks and valleys. A dry mixture operable to be wetted and activated with an electrolyte to generate heat through electrochemical reactions is disposed in at least some of and preferably all of the elongated compartments. The channels are covered with a base sheet on or a porous sheet to form the compartments. The corrugated sheet is preferably made from cardboard and the porous sheet is made from non-woven polypropelene. One dry mixture of the invention includes Magnesium in a range of 80% to 95% by weight, Iron in a range of 3% to 6% by weight, and Calcium Nitrate in a range of 1% to 2% by weight. Another mixture includes about 83.5% Magnesium by weight, about 4.0% Iron by weight, about 11.0% salt by weight, and about 1.5% Calcium Nitrate by weight.

Abstract: A disposable heating unit for use for heating the contents of a container, includes a first region containing a combination of at least two solid substances which undergo an exothermic chemical reaction which is not spontaneous at room temperature. Adjacent to the first region is a second region containing at least a first reagent. A storage cell is configured for releasing the liquid containing a second reagent into the second region. The first and second reagents undergo a spontaneous exothermic chemical reaction when brought into contact, thereby initiating the exothermic chemical reaction of the solid substances.

Abstract: A portable heat source that may be used to warm food, beverage or other supplies. The heater contains a heat-producing composition that is a solid that may be stored for long periods of time, and activated by addition of water or an aqueous solution. Heat-producing compositions contain an acidic anhydride, an acidic salt, a basic anhydride or a basic salt. Preferred heat-producing compositions contain a mixture of an acidic anhydride or salt together with a basic anhydride or salt, such that addition of water to both acidic and basic anhydrides produces heat as well as acid and base respectively; subsequent reaction of the acid and base produces additional heat, as well as a safe, neutral product that is easily disposed. The invention further consists of means and methods for regulating the rate of heat production in heaters by the addition of inert additives to heat-producing compositions and the application of processing methods that regulate access of water to heat-producing compounds.

Abstract: 35 g of a heating medium comprising 70 to 85% of powdered aluminum and 15 to 30% of powdered calcium oxide on the basis of the total weight of the heating medium is contacted with 80 ml of water to react the powdered calcium with water at a first reaction step to generate heat of reaction and calcium hydroxide, and then the calcium hydroxide is reacted at a second reaction step with powdered aluminum to generate heat of reaction to make use of approximately 3886 cal/g as the sum of the heat of reaction generated at the first reaction step and second reaction step, which can arrive at temperatures of approximately 100 ° C. for a short time which can be maintained for at least 20 minutes. The heating medium of this invention is built in a heating apparatus of a heating cooking container without increasing the weight and bulk of the container.