Abstract: A spray package including a container defining a cavity and having an opening; a spray container movable disposed in the cavity, the spray container having a fluid container portion movably disposed in the cavity and a projection portion having an orifice in fluid communication with the first fluid container portion, the projection portion being movable through the opening in the container between a retracted and extended position; and a therapeutic liquid disposed in the fluid container portion and being discharged through the orifice upon application of a force to the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in conjunction with a metered dose inhaler which includes a novel valve system to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medicament to a subject. The apparatus also includes a novel rotational flow generator to aid in the useable delivery of said medication and avoid its loss either in the apparatus or by non-useful delivery to said subject.

Abstract: Dispensing apparatus for delivering metered doses of product from a pressurized dispensing container, having a housing for receiving, in use, the pressurized dispensing container, and an outlet through which, in use, metered doses of product from the pressurized dispensing container can be dispensed. The housing has an aperture via which the pressurized dispensing container can be inserted into the housing. The dispensing apparatus is at least partially enclosed by a shrink wrapped film, the shrink wrapped film including an opening which is: (a) at least partly aligned with the aperture of the housing; and (b) dimensioned so as to allow, in use, said pressurized dispensing container to pass through the opening in order to be inserted into the housing via the aperture.

Abstract: Examples of the invention include inhalation systems, breathing apparatuses, and methods for administering a solution by inhalation to a patient. Example breathing apparatuses described herein may be configured to minimize loss of the solution to the environment. Additionally or instead, example breathing apparatuses may be configured to recirculate exhaled solution to increase an amount of the solution available to a patient while minimizing exhausted solution. In some examples, breathing apparatuses may deliver nebulized platelet rich plasma (“PRP”).

Abstract: A fluid dispensing device is disclosed having a housing and a fluid discharge device. The fluid discharge device is arranged to be actuated by one or more levers so as to apply a force transversely to the fluid discharge device which is used to move a container forming part of the fluid discharge device along a longitudinal axis of the fluid discharge device to cause actuation of a pump forming part of the fluid discharge device. A pre-load means is used to prevent actuation of the pump until a pre-determined force is applied to each lever of sufficient magnitude to guarantee the production of a well developed efficient spray from the fluid dispensing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing fine and concentrated aerosol from liquids, for various applications, by using rigid porous material, storage and easy streaming of the aerosol, (i.e. for inhalation), fast replacement of liquid carrier device and accuracy of output sprayed dose.

Abstract: A medicine ejection apparatus which ejects a medicine for medicating a user has a medicine ejecting unit, which has an element that generates energy for ejecting the medicine, a drive control unit which controls a drive start and a drive stop of the element, and an ejection amount determining unit, which determines a total amount of a medicine that is ejected from the medicine ejecting unit after the element performs a drive stop. The drive control unit enables the element to perform driving to eject an amount of medicine calculated from a difference between a set ejection amount and the total amount of medicine that has actually been ejected, when the total amount ejected, as determined by the ejection amount determining unit, is less than the set ejection amount.

Abstract: A liquid medicine reservoir that supplies liquid medicine to a liquid-medicine discharging portion via a communicating portion includes a cylindrical body configured to hold the liquid medicine therein, a first sealing portion to which the communicating portion is connected, the first sealing portion sealing the cylindrical body, and a second sealing portion configured to seal an end of the cylindrical body opposite the first sealing portion. At least one of the first sealing portion and the second sealing portion move relative to each other in accordance with the amount of liquid medicine. A substance configured to inhibit discharging of the liquid medicine is stored in a space in the cylindrical body that is on an inner side of the second sealing portion and that is separate from the liquid medicine.

Abstract: A medical aerosol delivery device comprises a housing having a first opening and a second opening and defining a fluid passage between the first and second openings. The housing comprising a pressurized medical aerosol canister actuator having a canister receptacle disposed within the fluid passage and having a valve chamber comprising a fine bore nozzle positioned to direct atomized medicament toward the first opening. The fluid passage includes an annular portion bypassing the canister receptacle and the housing comprises a movable closure member for selectively obstructing the fluid passage.

Abstract: Novel compositions including bepotastine besilate and a corticosteroid are provided, compositions including at least about 0.008% w/v benzalkonium chloride, and compositions including hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose E15 LV.

Abstract: Provided is an easy-to-handle prefilled type nasal drip appliance which can spray medical solution surely into the nostril while holding down the production cost. A syringe barrel has a spray hole and a latching portion of a center stopper on one side, with a conduction portion of medical solution being provided at the latching portion, and has a portion protruding inward of the inner circumferential surface formed on the other end side. A plunger has a portion protruding outward of the outer circumferential surface formed substantially in the axial center wherein both protrusions engage with each other. When the plunger is moved in the spray direction of the syringe barrel to get over the plunger side protrusion and disengaged, the medical solution moves the center stopper in the spray direction to form a medical solution inflow groove between the conduction portion formed at the center stopper latching portion and the center stopper.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser head that is adapted to be assembled on a reservoir containing the fluid, so as to dispense the fluid selectively by a dispenser member, such as a pump or a valve, that is actuated by the dispenser head. The dispenser head includes a dispenser orifice, the dispenser head including a film that incorporates bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic agents, and the film being arranged in the proximity of the dispenser orifice.

Abstract: The sprayer device utilizes a friction held piston that fires automatically upon full depression of the firing cap. A user may procure a monodose of medicine by (i) unlocking a child resistant mechanism; (ii) applying compressive force against the firing cap to first compress the spring and then to push the piston out of a friction area such that the spring causes the distal end of the piston to break the medicine container to drive medicine through the spray nozzle. The device includes a tear-away child resistant outer locking mechanism. Different length stops meter the amount of medicine dispensed. A two cap plug cap on the proximal and distal ends of the medicine package act as pistons. A piercer attached to a proximal end of the monodose medicine package moves upwardly when the piston is fired to pierce the medicine package and to drive medicine through the spray nozzle.

Abstract: A nebuliser of simple construction is proposed for nebulising a medicament preparation for medicinal aerosol therapy. The medicament preparation is accommodated free of residual gas in a lobe-shaped bag consisting of two annular film pieces. A conveying pump is pneumatically driven and is sealed by a hose seal.

Abstract: An aerosol inhalation system includes a first conduit member for delivering medication in the form of aerosol particles to a patient. The system also includes a first device in fluid communication with the first holding chamber for producing the aerosol particles and being sealingly yet releasably received within an adapter that forms an entrance into a first holding chamber. The adapter has a compressible material disposed thereon which is at least partially compressed by insertion of the first device to form the seal between the first device and the adapter, thereby creating a closed system that is therefore capable of delivering a fixed concentration of the medication to the patient due to a valve of the valve mechanism being closed when the patient inhales and the medication is delivered to the patient.

Abstract: A device, cartridge and method for dispensing a liquid (103), preferably a drug, are proposed. The liquid is pressurized in a cartridge to a first lower pressure and, then, pressurized in doses by a pump (117) to a second higher pressure. A valve (106) arranged between the cartridge (100) and the pump (117) is normally closed and/or opened only temporarily. Thus, evaporation and dripping of liquid can be avoided or minimized.

Abstract: Ventilator circuit aerosol delivery systems used to administer medication to a patient are disclosed. In one implementation, a metered dose inhaler (“MDI”) ventilator assembly may include a housing that defines an interior space, an inhalation port that defines an inhalation passageway in communication with the interior space, an exhalation port that defines an exhalation passageway in communication with the interior space, a patient port that defines a patient passageway in communication with the interior space, and a MDI receptacle positioned on the housing and in communication with the interior space. The MDI receptacle is operative to receive a MDI container and dispense an aerosolized medication within the MID container into the interior space so that during inhalation, an inhalation flow including the aerosolized medication may flow through the inhalation port, the interior space, and the patient port.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in conjunction with a metered dose inhaler which includes a novel valve system to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medicament to a subject. The apparatus also includes a novel rotational flow generator to aid in the useable delivery of said medication and avoid its loss either in the apparatus or by non-useful delivery to said subject.

Abstract: A process and a device for dosing a pharmaceutical agent, preferably a liquid, are proposed. To achieve an enhanced dosing accuracy, a first component that is produced in batches, such as a shaped seal, is combined with a second component, such as a guide pipe selected from a suitable group guide pipes, wherein the suitable group of second components is selected based on at least one decisively significant value of the respective batch first components and is distinguished by an essential value of the second component which will optimize the sealing between the first and second components.

Abstract: A nasal delivery device and a method of delivering substance to a nasal airway of a subject, can be used for mass treatment, especially mass vaccination. The delivery device can include an interface unit, as a replaceable unit, having at least one nosepiece unit for fitting to a respective nostril of a subject, a nozzle from which substance is in use delivered, and at least one delivery unit having a substance supply unit for delivering substance to the nozzle of the at least one nosepiece unit. The delivery device can also include an actuation unit for actuating the at least one delivery unit of the interface unit.

Abstract: A fluid product dispensing device that has a container that contains a fluid product, a pump, and a dispensing head that serves as the actuator for the pump. The container is a single molded piece with a neck. The neck of the container has either an opening to accommodate an air filter or has a neck joint that is molded onto the neck of the container, or both. In at least one embodiment, the container also has a shoulder to assist retaining the dispensing head, and a second shoulder to form a maximum amount of actuation.

Abstract: A nebuliser and a container in each case with an aeration device are proposed, the aeration device being designed for the direct aeration of a liquid space in the container. The container comprises a rigid, gas-tight outer case and a closure, which is opened by connecting or inserting a delivery element. A long storage life and long service life with low loss of fluid or solvent are thereby provided in the form of a simple and inexpensive construction.

Abstract: A cardiopulmonary resuscitation device that combines ventilation of a patient's lungs with chest compressions on the patient's sternum area. The device includes a self-inflating bag having an outlet port through which the content of the bag is forced when bag is compressed; target indicia on the bag to indicate the proper position of the bag on the patient's sternum area and to indicate the proper location on the bag for applying force to the top side thereof; a face mask for placement over the patient's mouth and nose; and a tube extending from the bag to the face mask. The device may include indicia for indicating the amount of pressure applied to the self-inflating bag, and a backboard including belt/motor structure for providing repeated and rapid chest compression and forced ventilation of the patient's lungs.

Abstract: A nebulizer for efficiently and reliably delivering aerosolized fluid to an inhaling patient is disclosed. The nebulizer includes a fixed diverter and a movable fluid orifice or fluid pathway connected with an actuator for responding to an inhalation or a manual actuation and beginning the nebulization process. Also provided is a method of providing nebulization including the steps of moving a fluid orifice or fluid pathway connected to an actuator so that the fluid orifice or fluid pathway reaches a nebulizing position during inhalation.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid medicine ejection device to eject liquid medicine into an inhalation flow path in the form of liquid droplets, thereby to allow a user to inhale the liquid medicine through a suction portion. In the liquid medicine ejection device is an ejection means, which communicates with a liquid medicine storage section, for ejecting the liquid medicine in the form of liquid droplets from an ejection opening. A pressure variable means changes a pressure in the liquid medicine storage section in accordance with a change of pressure in the inhalation flow path connected to the ejection opening of the ejection means and the suction portion. According to the liquid medicine ejection device of the present invention, it is possible to prevent ejection failure caused by a negative pressure applied to the ejection means, thereby enabling reliable inhalation.

Abstract: A nebulizer having an insertable container and a monitoring device for counting actuations of the nebulizer is proposed. The monitoring device is mounted in a detachable housing part and directly detects movements of container during a nebulizing process, an air supply current in the region of a mouthpiece, and/or the production of aerosol, in order to detect this as the actual dispensing of fluid and actuation of the nebulizer, while preferably the time of actuation of the nebulizer is additionally detected and stored. This allows better monitoring and guidance for the user.

Abstract: A ventilator circuit for use in administering medication to a patient includes a chamber housing defining an interior space and having an input end and an output end and a one-way inhalation valve positioned upstream of the interior space. The one-way inhalation valve is operative to permit a flow of medication into the interior space of the chamber housing. An inhalation conduit communicates with the output end of the chamber and is adapted to transmit the medication to the patient. An exhaust conduit is connected to the inhalation conduit and a one-way exhaust valve is located in the exhaust conduit. The one-way exhaust valve is adapted to prevent a backflow of gas from the exhaust conduit into the inhalation conduit. A method of administering a medication to a patient is also provided.

Abstract: In a counter mechanism of a feeding device, in each discrete feeding operation, an amount corresponding to single delivery unit of stored material is ejected and providing a simple construction and permitting the remaining amount of stored material in the device invisible from outside to be known by counting the number of delivered units of stored material. A counter mechanism of this invention comprises a fixed member (10) fixed to the body and having cam lobes formed in circumferential direction, a gear (20) having a count number display that can be monitored from the outside, a rotating member (40) being restricted to rotate either to a position in the rotating direction to allow feeding of a single delivery unit and a position to preventing feeding of the stored material, a ring member (30) which can rotates in interlock with the rotating motion of the rotating member and comprises a resiliently deformable cam follower having a jaw formed at a predetermined position in circumferential direction.

Abstract: A shaping tool as depicted in exemplary FIG. 3 comprising a rotatable base member having at least one profiled bending roller (13) which is mounted on a circular track and is rotatable about a rotation axis. The bending roller (13) arranged on a radially movable slide (11) is movable from a position defining a maximum working aperture for the tool, by means of a spring-loaded lever (9) which has an axial configuration, into a position defining a minimum working aperture for the tool.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods are effective in treating snoring behavior. Exemplary embodiments of the disclosed treatment apparatus include a mouthpiece, a first chamber in communication with the mouthpiece, and a displaceable member mounted with respect to the first chamber for applying a resistive force as gas is withdrawn from the first chamber. A second, substantially airtight chamber is generally defined on the opposite side of the displaceable member. The evacuation force required to deflect, deform or otherwise is increased due to the force required to displace the displaceable member positioned within the disclosed treatment apparatus. In exemplary embodiments of the disclosed apparatus, the displaceable member may take the form of a flexible membrane, piston or diaphragm that is mounted with respect to the inner wall of the first chamber or the second chamber. Use of the treatment apparatus is effective in reducing and/or eliminating snoring behavior for extended periods.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, an aerosol inhalation system including an accessory is defined by a first conduit member for delivering medication in the form of aerosol particles to a patient, as well as a first holding chamber for holding the aerosol particles prior to deliver to the first conduit member. The accessory includes a valve mechanism associated with the first conduit member and including a first valve assembly and a second valve assembly. The aerosol inhalation system includes at least one device in fluid communication with the first holding chamber for producing the aerosol particles. For example, the device can be either an MDI, a nebulizer or both devices can be used simultaneously. According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the aerosol inhalation system is a closed system and is therefore capable of delivering a fixed concentration of the medication to the patient, thereby overcoming the above deficiencies that are associated with the prior art devices.

Abstract: A container or vial (1) for a fluid, the container (1) comprising a casing defining an interior for storage of the fluid and a closure member (2). The closure member (2) comprises a body and at least one resilient projection (7) to seal in a storage condition an outlet of the casing, wherein upon an increase in the pressure of the interior of the container (1) the at least one resilient projection (7) is deflected to accommodate outflow of fluid through the outlet. The pressure in the interior of the container (1) may be increased by displacing the closure member (2) into the container (1) or by displacing some other element such as a bung (61, 82) into the container (1). The container (1) and closure member (2) may be used in a dispenser (90) and the closure element may be used in a valve (110).

Abstract: An actuating device for a manually operable medium dispenser includes an energy store for storing an actuating energy necessary to actuate the medium dispenser and a control device for liberating the actuating energy. The control device is being configured for a liberation of the actuating energy when a minimum energy stored in the energy store is exceeded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a propellant-gas-free apparatus for the dispensing of liquids, a container cartridge suitable for this for storing the liquid and the ensemble comprising both. The invention comprises a device for the exertion of pressure and for accommodating a container cartridge and a container cartridge in which the dispensing facility is integrated.

Abstract: A drug delivery device that aerosolizes a dry powder formulation so that it forms a fine coating in the oral cavity and, more specifically in the sublingual region of the oral cavity is described herein. In the preferred embodiment, the device contains five main parts: (i) a compressed gas canister, (ii) a dispenser body (also referred to herein as the main housing ), (iii) a means for storing one or more doses of a drug formulation, (iv) a means for releasing a dose of the drug formulation such as a gas canister or spring piston and (v) a mouthpiece. Preferred configurations include circular, tubular, and rectangular. The means for storing the drug formulation may be configured to separately store one or more materials. In one embodiment, the means for storing the active agent is in the form of one or more drug discs, where the drug discs contain a plurality of blister packs, each storing one dose of the drug formulation.

Abstract: The UNICHAMBER is a small and efficient “spacer” devise used to efficiently deliver aerosol medication to the lung obstructed patient. A wing-like projection within the bottom chamber indicates when the canister of medication is empty or when the patient is not taking the proper inhalation. The parts are easily dismantled for cleaning or replacement.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in conjunction with a metered dose inhaler which includes a novel valve system to aid in the delivery of aerosolized medicament to a subject. The apparatus also includes a novel rotational flow generator to aid in the useable delivery of said medication and avoid its loss either in the apparatus or by non-useful delivery to said subject.

Abstract: A conventional respiratory nebulizer has an emergency medication dose storage system conveniently useable in an emergency to deliver the stored medication dose directly to the nebulizing chamber quickly, reliably, and with a single impulse of manual force to a simple mechanical delivery system, thereby making the nebulizer useable in two steps: (a) deploy the medication with a single stroke of force; and (b) inhale the nebulized medication. The nebulizer can be operated without disassembling the nebulizer housing so as to expose the nebulizing chamber and without manually opening the liquid medication container and, without spillage and without manual pouring of the liquid medication directly into the nebulizing chamber, and without reassembling the nebulizer housing before positioning the inhaler mouthpiece in the mouth so as to inhale the nebulized medication.

Abstract: An inhalation device for a powdery medium includes a housing having at least one medium reservoir and an outlet channel, in which a first end of the outlet channel opens out in the area of the medium reservoir and a second end is designed to lie flush on a respiration opening of a user, such that the medium stored in the medium reservoir can be inhaled by the user breathing in. A respiration assistance device is provided which can be connected releasably to the housing and from which an air stream assisting the inhalation can be delivered to the housing by a manual actuation.

Abstract: An aerosol generation device comprising an oscillatable membrane (1) for the nebulization of a liquid, having a first curved region (11), and an oscillation generating device (2, 3) by which the membrane can be caused to oscillate such that a liquid disposed on one side of the membrane is nebulized through the oscillating membrane and is present on the other side of the membrane as an aerosol. The membrane has at least a second region (12) which is surrounded by the first region (11). The first region (11) and the second region (12) have different curvatures (1/r1, 1/r2).

Abstract: An inhaler comprising a compressed gas, such as Heliox gas is provided. The disclosed inhaler includes a first chamber containing a compressed gas which is in communication with an equalization chamber having pressure lower than the pressure of the gas in the first chamber. The inhaler also includes a drug storage chamber which is detachably coupled to the equalization chamber and operable such that a portion of the compressed gas from the equalization chamber fluidizes and aerosolizes the drug to produce a drug cloud. The drug cloud is directed into a spacer where it can be inhaled by a user.

Abstract: Ventilator circuit aerosol delivery systems used to administer medication to a patient are disclosed. In one implementation, a metered dose inhaler (“MDI”) ventilator assembly may include a housing that defines an interior space, an inhalation port that defines an inhalation passageway in communication with the interior space, an exhalation port that defines an exhalation passageway in communication with the interior space, a patient port that defines a patient passageway in communication with the interior space, and a MDI receptacle positioned on the housing and in communication with the interior space. The MDI receptacle is operative to receive a MDI container and dispense an aerosolized medication within the MID container into the interior space so that during inhalation, an inhalation flow including the aerosolized medication may flow through the inhalation port, the interior space, and the patient port.

Abstract: The sprayer device utilizes a friction held piston that fires automatically upon full depression of the firing cap. The drive spring does not release to fire the piston until after the spring is fully compressed because the force required to overcome the frictional force between said high friction engaging surface of the piston and the piston shaft is greater than the force required to compress said spring. A user may procure a monodose of medicine by (i) unlocking a child resistant locking mechanism; (ii) applying compressive force against the firing cap so as to first compress the spring and then to push the piston out of an piston engaging friction area such that the spring causes the distal end of the piston to break the medicine container to drive medicine through the spray nozzle in a manner that is user independent as to dosage amount and dosage speed of delivery.

Abstract: The sprayer device utilizes a friction held piston that fires automatically upon full depression of the firing cap. The drive spring does not release to fire the piston until after the spring is fully compressed because the force required to overcome the frictional force between said high friction engaging surface of the piston and the piston shaft is greater than the force required to compress said spring. A user may procure a monodose of medicine by (i) unlocking a child resistant locking mechanism; (ii) applying compressive force against the firing cap so as to first compress the spring and then to push the piston out of an piston engaging friction area such that the spring causes the distal end of the piston to break the medicine container to drive medicine through the spray nozzle in a manner that is user independent as to dosage amount and dosage speed of delivery.

Abstract: A spacer device for an inhaler is made of a non-metallic antistatic material, preferably polyamide. The device may comprise two frustoconical members joined at their wider ends, with an inlet and outlet at, respectively, the two narrower ends. A measured dose of medicament is injected through the inlet, and then inhaled from the chamber through the outlet.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser device including at least one individual reservoir (21) containing a single dose of fluid, such as powder, opening means (40) being provided for opening an individual reservoir (21) each time the device is actuated, the device including a dispenser chamber (70) for receiving the dose of fluid contained in a reservoir (21) after said reservoir has been opened, an inhalation endpiece (15), and an inhalation trigger system that comprises a deformable air-chamber (61) that co-operates with said dispenser chamber (70), said dispenser chamber being displaceable between a rest position and an inhalation position, such that during inhalation through said inhalation endpiece (15), said air chamber (61) is deformed, thereby displacing said dispenser chamber from said rest position to said inhalation position.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a pulsating inhaler, comprising a fluid oscillator providing a focused fluid column with a series of alternating high and low pressures zones; a medicament dispenser adapted for releasing small and constant measures of at least one medicament via said fluid column; and, at least one outlet orifice adapted to direct said focused fluid column towards the respiratory tract of a patient, wherein said small and constant measures of medicament are subjected to the patients while its respiratory tracts are gently and continuously vibrated The present invention also discloses a method of inhaling small and constant measures of medicament while gently and continuously vibrating the patient's respiratory tracks by a means of a fluid column characterized by a series of alternating high and low pressures zones.

Abstract: A fluid dispenser for dispensing a metered volume of a fluid product having a storage chamber for storing the fluid product in; a dispensing outlet through which the fluid product is dispensable from the dispenser; a metering chamber which is adapted to provide the metered volume of the fluid product for dispensing through the dispensing outlet by movement of the metering chamber between a contracted state and an expanded state, movement of the metering chamber from the contracted state to the expanded state placing the metering and storage chambers in fluid communication to enable the metering chamber to receive from the storage chamber an excess volume of the fluid product comprising the metered volume and a surplus volume; and a bleed arrangement adapted to bleed the surplus volume of the fluid product from the metering chamber is described.

Abstract: A nebulizer comprising an aerosol generator and a titration mechanism comprising a dosing mechanism, a screw assembly, a plunger and an actuator, wherein the dosing mechanism is rotatably mounted in the nebulizer and the plunger is mounted in the nebulizer to travel along a longitudinal axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of rotation of the dosing mechanism. The actuator is mounted to the nebulizer to travel in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The screw mechanism allows the rotation of the dosing mechanism to fix a variable distance of travel of the plunger based on the selected dose, without moving the plunger longitudinally. This allows the user to verify and if necessary correct the selected dose prior to any drug being released from the vial. Operation of the actuator causes longitudinal movement, through the screw mechanism, to the plunger.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved method and novel devices for treating tracheobronchitis, bronchiectasis and pneumonia in the intubated patient, preferably with aerosolized anti gram-positive and anti-gram negative antibiotics administered in combination or in seriatim in reliably sufficient amounts for therapeutic effect. In one aspect, the invention assures this result when aerosol is delivered into the ventilator circuit. In one embodiment the result is achieved mechanically. In another embodiment, the result is achieved by aerosol formulation. In another aspect, the invention assures the result when aerosol is delivered directly to the airways distal of the ventilator circuit. The devices eliminate the dosage variability that ventilator systems engender when aerosols are introduced via the ventilator circuit.