Abstract: An automated drug delivery and monitoring system for use on mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit is presented. Medication in the form of respirable particles is transported through ventilator circuitry by a delivery unit. Multiple medications may be delivered into the gas flow of the ventilator, with each medication delivered in a defined dose for a. frequency and interval as specified by an operator. The particles mixed into the gas flow of the ventilator are inhaled and ingested by the patent's lungs.

Abstract: A gas delivery conduit adapted for fluidly connecting to a respiratory gases delivery system in a high flow therapy system. In one embodiment, a nasal cannula includes a base portion defining a first therapeutic gas passageway, a nozzle disposed adjacent said base portion and defining a second therapeutic gas passageway, the first therapeutic gas passageway being in gaseous communication with the second therapeutic gas passageway and a conduit configured to facilitate sensing that has an inlet side that is independent of and axially spaced apart from an outlet side of the nozzle. The conduit inlet side can extend beyond the nozzle outlet side of the nasal cannula. Additionally, the nasal cannula has a feature that is adapted to prevent one of the conduit and the nozzle from creating a seal with a user's nare and a feature that is adapted to prevent one of the conduit and the nozzle from creating a seal with a user's nare.

Abstract: Breathing devices deliver at least one treatment to a subject and include at least two components comprising at least one of a ventilation unit for supplying a gas to the subject, a humidification unit for humidifying a gas supplied to the subject, a nebulizer unit for supplying a medication to the subject, a suction unit for suctioning a portion of an airway of the subject, and a cough assist unit for simulating a cough within the subject. Methods of providing a treatment to a subject may be provided with a breathing device.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery device including a valve assembly, a control module and a gas delivery mechanism is described. An exemplary gas delivery device includes a valve assembly with a valve and circuit including a memory, a processor and a transceiver in communication with the memory. The memory may include gas data such as gas identification, gas expiration and gas concentration. The transceiver on the circuit of the valve assembly may send wireless optical line-of-sight signals to communicate the gas data to a control module. Exemplary gas delivery mechanisms include a ventilator and a breathing circuit. Methods of administering gases containing nitric oxide are also described.

Abstract: A portable unit for providing automated delivery of medication to a ventilator circuit that runs between a mechanical ventilator and a patient is provided. The portable unit includes: a housing configured to releasably hold an inhaler containing the medication, wherein the inhaler is in fluid communication with the ventilator circuit; an actuator at least partially in the housing and in communication with the inhaler to deliver medication from the inhaler to the ventilator circuit for a respective patient; a controller programmed to control an amount and/or frequency of medication delivery from the inhaler to the ventilator circuit for a respective patient, the controller configured to actuate the actuator to deliver the medication from the inhaler to the ventilator circuit at the programmed amount and/or frequency; and a display for displaying the amount and/or frequency of medication delivery and an amount of medication remaining in the inhaler, wherein the display is dynamically updated by the controller.

Abstract: A tube for a ventilation system (1) for newborns is provided with a first section (7) comprising a heating wire (14), an electrical conductor (15), and a first connector (9) and a second connector (10), and with a second section (8) comprising a heating wire (16) extending over at least a certain portion of its length, an electrical line (17) extending over at least a certain portion of its length, and a first connector (11) and a second connector (12), wherein the second section (8) comprises a temperature sensor (18), wherein the electrical and pneumatic connection of the first section (7) with the second section (8) via the connection of the second connector (10) of the first section (7) is achievable by either connecting to the first connector (11) of the second section (8), so that the second section (8) is substantially heatable, or by connecting to the second connector (12) of the second section (8), so that the second section (8) is substantially not heatable.

Abstract: An anesthetic vaporizer system is disclosed herein. The anesthetic vaporizer system may include a sump adapted to retain an anesthetic agent. The anesthetic vaporizer system may also include a level sensor disposed at least partially within the sump. The level sensor is configured to generate an optical beam, and to estimate the amount of anesthetic agent within the sump based on a measured characteristic of the optical beam.

Abstract: A ventilatory assist system and method are disclosed. The system comprises a tube for connection to a patient's airway, inspiratory and expiratory tube lumens connected to the tube, an inspiratory air source connected to the inspiration tube lumen, and a controller of air pressure in the expiratory tube lumen. The pressure controller is responsive to a physiological breathing signal representative of patient's inspiratory effort to allow air flow through the expiratory tube lumen during a patient's expiration phase, partially restricting the air flow through the expiratory tube lumen to a so minimum air flow during a patient's inspiration phase. During both respiratory phases, a unidirectional air flow is produced through the inspiratory and expiratory tube lumens to prevent air expired by the patient from being breathed again. The physiological breathing signal allows synchronization of the ventilatory assist with breathing efforts of the patient.

Abstract: An automated drug delivery and monitoring system for use on mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit is presented. Medication in the form of respirable particles is transported through ventilator circuitry by a delivery unit. Multiple medications may be delivered into the gas flow of the ventilator, with each medication delivered in a defined dose for a frequency and interval as specified by an operator. The particles mixed into the gas flow of the ventilator are inhaled and ingested by the patient's lungs.

Abstract: A therapy appliance, in particular for use for administering medicaments by nasal inhalation, includes a ventilation tube, on the input side of which is attached an aerosol generator connected to a medicament container, which aerosol generator is connected to a control unit. The ventilation tube is attached at the end to a nasal applicator.

Abstract: A respiratory treatment apparatus provides respiratory treatment with improved power management control to permit more efficient power consumption and power supply units, such as battery powered operation. In one embodiment, power management prioritizes the flow generator (104) over other accessories such as the heating elements (111, 135) of a humidifier (112) and/or a delivery tube. The flow generator may control operations of the heating elements as a function of a detected respiratory cycle. For example, the timing of operation of the heating elements may be interleaved with the portion of an inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle to permit the flow generator to operate during a peak power operation without a power drain or with a lower power drain from these components. Operations of distinct sets of components of the system (e.g., different heating elements) may also be interleaved to prevent simultaneous peak power operations.

Abstract: A respiratory gas delivery system (10) is disclosed. The respiratory gas delivery system (10) comprises a wearer interface (16) through which respiratory gas is supplied to a wearer's airway and a gas conditioning device (24) for conditioning the respiratory gas upstream of the interface (16) in a direction of gas flow to the wearer, the gas conditioning device (24) comprising a controller (78), wherein the interface (16) comprises a sensor for measuring an operating variable in use such that the controller (78) controls the operation of the conditioning device (24) based on said sensor measurement.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices for therapeutic or medical gas delivery that utilize at least one proportional control valve and at least one binary control valve. The proportional control valve may be in series with the binary control valve to provide a valve combination capable of pulsing therapeutic gas at different flow rates, depending on the setting of the proportional control valve. Alternatively, the proportional control valve and binary control valve may be in parallel flow paths.

Abstract: A ventilator system (110) includes: an inhalation filter (120) configured to receive and filter a gas; a humidifier (130) connected to the inhalation filter and configured to adjust a humidity of the filtered gas; a dual-limb patient circuit connected to a patient and configured to supply ventilation to the patient, the dual limb patient circuit including an inspiratory limb connected to the humidifier and configured to supply the filtered gas to the patient and an expiratory limb configured to receive an exhaled gas from the patient; a condenser (140) connected to the expiratory limb, the condenser being configured to cool and remove moisture from the gas from the patient; and an expiratory filter (150) connected to the condenser and configured to filter the cooled gas from the condenser.

Abstract: Described are methods and devices for therapeutic or medical gas delivery that utilize at least one proportional control valve and at least one binary control valve. The proportional control valve may be in series with the binary control valve to provide a valve combination capable of pulsing therapeutic gas at different flow rates, depending on the setting of the proportional control valve. Alternatively, the proportional control valve and binary control valve may be in parallel flow paths.

Abstract: The invention provides an inhalation device using an electrically driven vibratory element for releasing a drug dose into a flow channel, and a controller for activating/deactivating the vibratory element. A sensor arrangement is able to differentiate between inhalation flow and exhalation flow through the flow channel, to assist in forming a model of the breathing pattern of the user. The device can detect reliably inhalation flow patterns from patients of all ages.

Abstract: A hand-held, portable inhalator device is disclosed. The device has a mouthpiece with a chamber operatively coupled to a medication inlet and a fluid outlet. A valve is disposed about the fluid outlet and is configured to open when subjected to a first threshold level of positive pressure permitting egress of fluid from the chamber. A trigger is configured to dispense medication from a medication source through the medication inlet and into the chamber after a second threshold level of positive pressure is achieved within the chamber of the mouthpiece and maintained for a threshold period of time.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring device for a respiratory humidifier (1) with a liquid container (5) is provided, wherein the temperature-measuring device comprises a flow channel (9) for breathing gas and an infrared detector (21), which is directed from the outside toward the flow channel (9) for the contactless detection of the temperature of the breathing gas in the flow channel (9), wherein the flow channel (9) comprises on its lateral surface (13) a measurement portion (15), which is aligned with the surrounding areas of the lateral surface (13) and toward which the infrared detector (21) is directed, wherein the flow channel (9) comprises a flow guide element (17), which conducts the breathing gas stream to the measurement portion (15) at a previously determined inflow angle of preferably greater than 10° and less than 170°.

Abstract: The present application includes an independent and redundant measurement of anesthetic concentration, based on acoustic time-of-flight measurements, added to an anesthetic vaporizer. The redundant anesthetic concentration measurement is used to make the vaporizer inherently safe by design and monitor true vaporizer empty. Further, using an acoustic wave splitting technique and the time-of-flight measurements, the flows at the vaporizer inlet and outlet are computed. The flow measurements are used to monitor carrier gas loss, anesthetic consumption, and anesthetic delivery time remaining and provide such information to the vaporizer operator.

Abstract: A system for simulating various clinical conditions which are detectable by a noninvasive respiratory monitor is provided. The simulated clinical conditions may be displayed on a noninvasive respiratory monitor to replicate a variety of disease states to provide training for a clinician. The system may include a pulse oximetry simulation device and/or a CO2 delivery system.

Abstract: An anesthetic vaporizer and a temperature compensation unit are disclosed. The temperature compensation unit, which cooperates with a vaporizing chamber having a bottom wall, includes a first device connected to the bottom wall of the vaporizing chamber for contacting with liquid anesthetic agent in the vaporizing chamber and changing in length according to temperature change of the liquid anesthetic agent, and a second device connected to the vaporizing chamber. A gas flow gap through which a gas flow passes is formed between the first and second devices. The gas flow gap becomes larger as temperature of the liquid anesthetic agent rises and smaller as the temperature of the liquid anesthetic agent drops.

Abstract: A respiratory therapy device in accordance with this disclosure includes a blower box and a patient circuit. The blower box is configured to provide aerosol and pressurized gas for delivery to a patient airway. The patient circuit is configured to deliver the aerosol and pressurized gas from the blower box to the patient airway.

Abstract: The invention concerns a cartridge for an inhalation device for delivering anaesthetic to a human or animal wherein anaesthetic in said cartridge is dispersed in an anaesthetic control release medium; an inhalation device for use with said cartridge and a formulation comprising at least one selected anaesthetic and anaesthetic control release medium.

Abstract: A process for the control of a gas analyzer, respirator or anesthesia device (10), a control module (19) and a gas analyzer, respirator or anesthesia device (10) are provided with a control module (19). The process is used for the output of online help and for guiding the user via a sequence of operating steps that are executed via defined operational controls (17). Each operational control (17) is designed with a selection signal generator and with an activation signal sensor in order to make possible a visual selection of the respective operational control. The selection may be coupled with the output of a visual indication on the graphical user interface (13).

Abstract: A PAP system for delivering breathable gas to a patient includes a flow generator to generate a supply of breathable gas to be delivered to the patient; a humidifier including a heating plate to vaporize water and deliver water vapor to humidify the supply of breathable gas; a heated tube configured to heat and deliver the humidified supply of breathable gas to the patient; a power supply configured to supply power to the heating plate and the heated tube; and a controller configured to control the power supply to prevent overheating of the heating plate and the heated tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide closed-loop control of the operation of a ventilator device based on physiological parameters received from and/or through a patient monitor device, which is a separate and discrete device from the ventilator device.

Abstract: An inhalation anesthesia delivery system and method, wherein the system includes a fresh gas feeding arrangement connected to a breathing circuit, a monitor device, a control device and an interface unit. The fresh gas feeding arrangement is configured to deliver a desired concentration of gas to the breathing circuit, the desired concentration being set by using the interface unit. The monitor device is configured to monitor gas concentrations in the breathing circuit by analyzing gases flowing in the breathing circuit, and the control device is configured to control the fresh gas feeding arrangement on the basis of the data received from the monitor device to keep the desired breathing gas concentration. The control device is also configured to monitor expired inorganic gas concentration by comparing the measured expired breathing gas concentration with the set target value and changing the fresh gas delivery accordingly to meet the target value.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery device including a valve assembly, a control module and a gas delivery mechanism is described. An exemplary gas delivery device includes a valve assembly with a valve and circuit including a memory, a processor and a transceiver in communication with the memory. The memory may include gas data such as gas identification, gas expiration and gas concentration. The transceiver on the circuit of the valve assembly may send wireless optical line-of-sight signals to communicate the gas data to a control module. Exemplary gas delivery mechanisms include a ventilator and a breathing circuit. Methods of administering gases containing nitric oxide are also described.

Abstract: A gas delivery system including a gas delivery device, a control module and a gas delivery mechanism is described. An exemplary gas delivery device includes a valve assembly with a valve and circuit including a memory, a processor and a transceiver in communication with the memory. The memory may include gas data such as gas identification, gas expiration and gas concentration. The transceiver on the circuit of the valve assembly may send wireless optical line-of-sight signals to communicate the gas data to a control module. Exemplary gas delivery mechanisms include a ventilator and a breathing circuit. Methods of administering gas are also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for humidifying ventilation gas. Systems and methods may include a nasal interface apparatus for receiving ventilation gas from gas delivery tubing and for humidifying ventilation gas. The nasal interface apparatus may have one or more channels within the nasal interface to deliver gas from a gas delivery circuit to a patient's nose; one or more structures in fluid communication with the one or more channels to direct ventilation gas to the patient's nose; and a hygroscopic material within the nasal interface in the flow path of the ventilation gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for supplying a respiratory gas includes a conveyor device for conveying the respiratory gas, a conduit for feeding the respiratory gas conveyed by the conveyor device to a person, and a humidification device for humidifying the respiratory gas. A sensor device is configured to generate a signal indicative of the respiratory gas humidity and a control device is configured to control the humidification device with regard to the signal which is generated by the sensor device. A method of supplying a respiratory gas to a patient, in which the respiratory gas is introduced by means of a conveyor device into the conduit leading to the patient and is humidified, includes operating the conveyor device so that a respiratory gas pressure which is above ambient pressure is provided in the conduit, and adjusting the humidity on the basis of signals indicative of the relative and/or absolute humidity of the respiratory gas generated by the sensor device.

Abstract: A breathing assistance system is provided for delivering a stream flow of heated, humidified gases to a user. The system includes a humidifier unit which holds and heats a volume of water, and which in use receives a flow of gases from a gases source via an inlet port. The flow of gases passes through the humidifier and exits via an exit port. The system further includes a temperature sensor which measures the temperature of the gases exiting the humidifier unit, an ambient temperature sensor which measures the temperature of gases before they enter the humidifier unit, and a flow sensor which measures the flow rate of the gases stream. The system also includes a controller which receives data from the temperature and flow sensors, and which determines a control output in response. The control output is configured to adjust the power to the humidifier unit to achieve a desired output at the humidifier unit exit port.

Abstract: The present application includes an independent and redundant measurement of anesthetic concentration, based on acoustic time-of-flight measurements, added to an anesthetic vaporizer. The redundant anesthetic concentration measurement is used to make the vaporizer inherently safe by design and monitor true vaporizer empty. Further, using an acoustic wave splitting technique and the time-of-flight measurements, the flows at the vaporizer inlet and outlet are computed. The flow measurements are used to monitor carrier gas loss, anesthetic consumption, and anesthetic delivery time remaining and provide such information to the vaporizer operator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a breathing assistance apparatus that has a convenient and effective method of cleaning internal conduits inside the apparatus. The breathing assistance apparatus is preferably a gases supply and humidification device. The cleaning method is a method of disinfection that is automated so minimal training is required to disinfect in particular an internal elbow conduit within the device. It is therefore not necessary to dismantle the gases supply and humidification device, therefore, inadvertent damage to the internal parts of the device is avoided. The present invention also provides a method of disinfecting a heated breathing conduit and a patient interface.

Abstract: A method and system for delivering a gas containing carbon dioxide to a patient are described. The method comprises measuring a physiological parameter of breathing stability in the patient; determining an optimal gas delivery parameter based on the physiological parameter of breathing stability; and delivering the gas to the patient in accordance with the optimal gas delivery parameter.

Abstract: A medicament dispenser for use with at least one medicament carrier carrying multiple distinct medicament portions, said medicament dispenser comprising (a) a dispensing mechanism actuable for dispensing the distinct medicament portions carried by the at least one medicament carrier; (b) a mouthpiece; and (c) a cover for the mouthpiece, the cover being movably mounted to the dispenser for sequential movement from a first position, in which the mouthpiece is covered, to a second position, in which the mouthpiece is at least part-uncovered, to a third position in which the mouthpiece is uncovered; wherein the cover is adapted to couple with the dispensing mechanism such that movement of the cover from the second position to the third position, but not the first position to the second position, results in actuation of the dispensing mechanism.

Abstract: A CPAP device wherein humidification detection and/or control is performed by a microprocessor of the CPAP device without requiring a separate humidification control chip. The microprocessor may also control the flow generator motor and the flow generator display. Further, the microprocessor may include code to prevent ‘brown-out’, and/or to detect the availability (connection and/or operability) of the humidifier. Humidifier detection may be carried out using power consumption or temperature sensor signal analysis, e.g., facilitated by use of a pull-up resistor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a breathing assistance apparatus that has a convenient and effective method of cleaning internal conduits inside the apparatus. The breathing assistance apparatus is preferably a gases supply and humidification device. The cleaning method is a method of disinfection that is automated so minimal training is required to disinfect in particular an internal elbow conduit within the device. It is therefore not necessary to dismantle the gases supply and humidification device, therefore, inadvertent damage to the internal parts of the device is avoided. The present invention also provides a method of disinfecting a heated breathing conduit and a patient interface.

Abstract: Devices and systems provide methods of controlling breathable gas generation such as for a respiratory treatment and/or for controlling ionization of the gas. In an example, a controller of a respiratory treatment apparatus controls generation of a supply of ionized air. The apparatus may include a flow generator to generate a flow of pressurized breathable gas. The flow generator may be adapted for connection with a respiratory interface. The apparatus may also include an ionizer to ionize the flow of gas. The controller may be coupled with the ionizer and the flow generator and be configured to control the ionizer to programmatically change levels of ionization of the gas. Such ionized gas treatments may be suitable for helping users to sleep or improving respiratory oxygen absorption, and may be for patients with, for example, sleep disordered breathing or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitric Oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a technique for monitoring patient utilization of inhaled Nitric Oxide as well as waste exhaust of Nitric Oxide in gases exhaled from patient lungs. By monitoring the real dose provided to a patient, actual compliance with therapeutic target doses may be monitored to improve patient safety and therapeutic benefit from inhaled Nitric Oxide. Simultaneously, unnecessary waste of inhaled Nitric Oxide may be avoided thereby increasing the cost effectiveness of Nitric Oxide therapy. The minimization of Nitric Oxide waste has the further benefit of reducing environmental Nitrogen Dioxide levels in e.g. a NICU environment thereby mitigating medical personnel's Nitrogen Dioxide exposure.

Abstract: A gas regulator is described. The gas regulator includes a gas inlet having an attachment mechanism for attaching to a gas container, a gas outlet in fluid communication with the gas inlet and further in fluid communication with a gas delivery system, a pressure regulator, a pressure sensor and a NFC sensor. A method of entering at least one information item relating to a gas source to a gas delivery system control unit. The method includes the steps of providing a gas source having a NFC tag that includes at least one information item stored in a memory of the NFC tag, attaching a regulator that includes a NFC sensor, wherein the NFC sensor is positioned to read the NFC tag when attached to the gas source, reading the at least one information item via the NFC sensor, and transmitting the at least one information item read by the NFC sensor to a gas delivery system control unit.

Abstract: A system is described herein for evacuating gas as it is leaking from a patient's airway. The system comprises a gas evacuation flowpath configured for collecting a gas flow escaping from the patient when inserted into the patient's airway. A vacuum source is connected to the gas evacuation flowpath. Devices that may be employed as part of the system and a method for evacuating gas from a patient are also described.

Abstract: A nitric oxide delivery system, which includes a gas bottle having nitrogen dioxide in air, converts nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide and employs a surface-active material, such as silica gel, coated with an aqueous solution of antioxidant, such as ascorbic acid. A nitric oxide delivery system may be used to generate therapeutic gas including nitric oxide for use in delivering the therapeutic gas to a mammal.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for humidifier control systems and methods configured to adjust power to a heater plate in a surgical humidifier to account for changes in flow rate to provide a consistent output, to provide functionality for different modes of use, and to provide accurate control over temperature and/or humidity at relatively low flows. The humidifier control system can receive a flow rate reading and determine a power requirement corresponding to the received flow rate reading, wherein the power requirement is one of a plurality of set points which correspond to ranges of flow rates. The humidifier control system can determine a mode of use based at least in part on the flow rate reading. The humidifier control system can provide electrical power to the heater plate according to the power requirement and/or the mode of use.

Abstract: A patient ventilation system has a flow regulating and gas mixing assembly for providing oxygen to a first gas inlet and at least a second gas to a second gas inlet. The first and second gas inlets are connected to an inspiratory channel for conveying a delivered gas mixture including the oxygen and the at least second gas to a proximal tubing. The proximal tubing in turn is connected to an expiratory channel and connectable to a patient. The patient ventilation system further has a gas identification unit with which the at least second gas can be identified. The gas identification unit is arranged to measure actively a first value which is dependent on the characteristics of the at least second gas and attempt to identify the at least second gas based on said first value. The flow regulating and gas mixing assembly changes, at least temporarily, the concentration of the at least second gas in the delivered gas mixture if the gas identification attempt fails.

Abstract: The present disclosure involves a system for monitoring patients, and more specifically post-operative patients receiving narcotics, and a novel apparatus for automatically delivering a narcotic-reversing agent, including but not limited to the agent commonly known as naloxone, in response to dangerous respiratory conditions such as respiratory depression or other undesired consequences caused by reaction to narcotic dosage.