Abstract: Disclosed is a three-dimensional ultrasound image method and apparatus for reducing distortions of ultrasound images by precisely estimating a distance between consecutive two-dimensional frames obtained by a manual scanning. The apparatus comprises a transducer array for transmitting ultrasound signals to a target object and receiving echo signals reflected from the target object; a receive-focusing unit for receive-focusing the echo signals to generate a plurality of consecutive two-dimensional ultrasound image frames; a converter for converting the consecutive two-dimensional ultrasound image frames into a three-dimensional ultrasound image; and a display for displaying the three-dimensional ultrasound image.

Abstract: A system and method for individually varying the orientation of scan lines in at least two dimensions in an ultrasound scan are disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention includes a system for generating a three-dimensional ultrasound volume scan, comprising a transducer probe having elements arranged in a plurality of dimensions and a system controller capable of generating a scan line apparently emanating from a location other than the geographic center of the transducer probe.

Abstract: A system and method of ultrasound quantification acquires acoustic image data from anatomic locations distributed in more than 2 dimensions, and uses a segmentation algorithm to provide real-time volume measurements. A 2D array is used to acquire two orthogonal (bi-plane) 2D images simultaneously. The images are segmented individually to determine the volume borders using any number of acoustic algorithms. The borders from the two bi-plane images are mathematically combined to give a volume measurement. A control processor controls the system to thereby obtain instant feedback of the segmented image data and enhance the volume measurements of the image. The system and method is extended to a number of simultaneous 2D images and to a full 3D volume acquisition.

Abstract: In a medical treatment/examination device and method for the acquisition and presentation of a medical instrument introduced into a cavity organ of a patient to be examined or treated, particularly in the framework of a cardial examination or treatment with a catheter, intracorporeal registration of 2D ultrasound images of the cavity organ is undertaken using a catheter-like ultrasound acquisition device guided into the cavity organ with simultaneous acquisition of the spatial position and orientation of a 2D ultrasound image by a position acquisition system, a 3D ultrasound image dataset is generated from the 2D ultrasound image, following introduction of the instrument, the instrument is acquired in a coordinate system registered with the 3D ultrasound image dataset, and a 3D reconstruction image is generated on the basis of the 3D image dataset and is presented at a monitor, containing a positionally exact presentation of the instrument in the 3D reconstruction image.

Abstract: Ultrasound-based imaging device and software operated method are presented for monitoring a body part generating data indicative of a three-dimensional image of an internal structure of the body part. The device is portable and comprises a substantially elastic cover for covering the body part, wherein the cover is coupled to a control unit and is connectable to a computer device. The cover carries an array of ultrasonic transceivers, each of a kind emitting a beam of ultrasonic waves for irradiating an area within a region covered by the cover, and detecting signal response of the irradiated area. The transceivers are arranged in at least two spaced parallel groups. The transceivers of each group are arranged in a spaced-apart relationship, the space between each two adjacent transceivers in the group being such that an overlap exists between the areas irradiated by the adjacent transceivers.

Abstract: The invention concerns an ultrasonic image processing method for displaying a composite sequence of images of an artery segment with indication of blood flow velocity and wall movements in function of the cardiac cycle, comprising steps of: forming, at a first rate, a first sequence (131) of blood flow velocity color-coded images and forming, at a second rate, a second sequence (231) of images with wall movement graphics; and constructing said composite image sequence (361) by determining a first set of temporal markers (n1,n2), related to the cardiac cycle, in the first image sequence as the minimum points of a curve (P(n)) of the number of the colored points per image in function of the image instants, determining a second set of temporal markers (k1,k2), related to the same cardiac cycle, in the second image sequence as the minimum points of a curve (D(k)) of the arterial mean dilation in function of the image instants, and by superposing the first and second image sequences by synchronizing the respecti

Abstract: An ultrasonic transmission unit for an imaging/quantitative ultrasound device provides for coaxial transducer crystals which may be operated independently with a first crystal operated alone for quantitative measurement and the first and second crystal operated together to provide a broad illumination for imaging of structure.

Abstract: An integrated respiratory monitor and imaging device apparatus (10) is provided. The apparatus is useful for establishing pre-operative and intra-operative breath hold congruency in patients and for other interventional work. The apparatus (10) includes a respiratory monitor system (12) and an imaging device (14). The respiratory monitor system is adapted to engage a patient and generate a respiratory signal representative of a breath hold level of the patient during a breath hold. The imaging device (14) is adapted to scan the patient during the breath hold and generate a volumetric image data set of the patient. The respiratory sensor and imaging device are operatively connected to associate the respiratory signal representative of the breath hold level of the patient together with the volumetric image data set of the patient. A data storage device (64) is provided for storing a set of respiratory signals in association with a corresponding set of volumetric image data sets in the subject apparatus (10).

Abstract: A method of creating 3D models to be used for cardiac interventional procedure planning. Acquisition data is obtained from a medical imaging system and cardiac image data is created in response to the acquisition data. A 3D model is created in response to the cardiac image data and three anatomical landmarks are identified on the 3D model. The 3D model is sent to an interventional system where the 3D model is in a format that can be imported and registered with the interventional system.

Abstract: The present invention is a medical device for use on a bodily organ of a patient. The medical device includes a concave support element that is removably attachable to the surface of the bodily organ, thereby defining an enclosed space adjacent to the bodily organ. The enclosed space is fluidly connected to a fluid management system for circulating a fluid inside of the enclosed space. The medical device also has an energy transfer element mounted to the concave support element and electrically connected to a control unit. In some embodiments, the energy transfer element transmits intense ultrasound energy in a frequency range of 1-30 megahertz, and the fluid acoustically couples the energy transfer element to the bodily organ, and the fluid also cools the energy transfer element.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging method and apparatus are described for imaging the coronary arteries of the heart. The vascular system is infused with an ultrasonic contrast agent. A volumetric region of the heart wall including a coronary artery is three dimensionally scanned. A projection image of the volumetric region is produced from the scanning, providing a two dimensional contrast image of the coronary artery with the appearance of an angiogram. Preferably the coronary artery signals are segmented from contrast signals emanating from the myocardium and the heart blood pool so that the coronary arteries are clearly highlighted and distinct in the ultrasonic angiogram.

Abstract: A device for combining tomographic images with human vision using a half-silvered mirror to merge the visual outer surface of an object (or a robotic mock effector) with a simultaneous reflection of a tomographic image from the interior of the object. The device maybe used with various types of image modalities including ultrasound, CT, and MRI. The image capture device and the display may or may not be fixed to the semi-transparent mirror. If not fixed, the imaging device may provide a compensation device that adjusts the reflection of the displayed ultrasound on the half-silvered mirror to account for any change in the image capture device orientation or location.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging system uses a specially configured scanhead to provide ultrasound return signals that are processed by an imaging unit to generate a three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound image. One embodiment of the scanhead includes a first pair of apertures aligned along a first axis, and a second pair of apertures aligned along a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. All of the apertures lie in a common plane. Respective signals from the apertures along each axis are processed to generate two-dimensional Doppler motion vectors. The resulting pairs of two-dimensional Doppler motion vectors are then processed to generate three-dimensional Doppler motion vectors that are used to generate a three-dimensional Doppler image. In another embodiment, three co-planar apertures are arranged equidistantly from each other about a common center, and the three-dimensional Doppler image is generated from respective signals from the apertures.

Abstract: A system (10) having a processor, a memory, generates low frequency ultrasound signals to be applied to tissue (14) to generate a weighted sum of tissue ramp, step, and impulse signatures. The system (10) analyzes the tissue signatures to determine the low frequency target profile which is used to generate a graphic representation of the tissue as well as to estimate the volume of the tissue; to classify the tissue (14) as to type, and condition of the tissue using a set of stored tissue data. The classifier may include a neural network (34), and/or a nearest neighbor rule processor (36). The system (10) performs as a non-invasive acoustic measurement, an imaging system, and method which uses Synthetic Structural Imaging (SSI) techniques to provide unique information concerning the size, shape of biological structures for classification, visualization of normal, abnormal tissues, organs, biological structures, etc.

Abstract: An imaging ultrasound system is provided with an ultrasound transducer and an image processing unit for the acquisition of a three-dimensional ultrasound image of the body of a patient, and a catheter for carrying out a therapeutic or diagnostic intervention in the body of the patient. The catheter accommodates, in addition to the customary instruments necessary to carry out its task, three ultrasound receivers that are mounted at a distance from one another on the tip of the catheter and are capable of detecting the arrival of scan signals of the ultrasound transducer. The distance between the ultrasound transducer and the receivers can be calculated from the transit time of the scan signals. The receivers can thus be localized in space. Localization enables notably the selection of, for example, the plane from the three-dimensional ultrasound data that contains all three receivers of the catheter.

Abstract: An ultrasound therapy system utilizes a mechanical positioning assembly to locate and aim an ultrasonic transducer. The positioner provides for roll and pitch control as well as control in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The positioner uses piezo-electric vibrational motors that can effectively operate within the field of an MRI system without interfering with its operation. The motors are capable of providing a breaking force to the drive shafts while de-energized and thus aid in preventing motor slippage or backlash. Since the motors do not affect the operation of an MRI system, the ultrasonic therapy system can be made more compact. Two sets of position encoders are used to align the positioner. Course absolute encoders and fine relative encoders are both coupled to the positioning motors and allow for precise control over the position and orientation of the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: This invention discloses an apparatus for measuring the weight of a fetus in utero including an ultrasonic imager providing at least one ultrasonic image, a volume determiner operative to employ the at least one ultrasonic image to provide volume information relating to at least part of the volume of the fetus in utero, and a weight determiner operative to employ said volume information relating to at least part of the volume of the fetus and density information relating to the at least part of the volume of the fetus for providing an output indication representing the weight of the fetus in utero. A method for measuring the weight of a fetus in is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of ultrasound imaging, including the following steps, transmitting ultrasonic beams generated by transducers (20) into an object volume (v) such as an object body or a part thereof, receiving (20) and storing (3) signals reflected from said object volume, processing and receiving signals into image data associated to image dots or lines of a video display (8), and displaying at least a few image data on the display (8) in accordance with parameters set by a user and related to a predetermined section or projection plane of the image of said object volume. According to the invention, scanning is only performed in the region of the object body which coincides with the section plane or the image projection plane (P) of the object volume along which imaging is to be performed.

Abstract: A 3-D ultrasound imaging system acquires partially complete image volumes interspersed with substantially complete image volumes. The partially complete image volumes contain speckle that is processed by a cross-correlation algorithm to track the movement of an ultrasound scanhead. By tracking the movement of the scanhead, the substantially complete image volumes can be properly registered with each other and combined to create a 3-D extended field of view image. The partially complete image volumes contain significantly less data than the substantially complete image volumes. Therefore, the partially complete image volumes can be acquired more quickly than the substantially complete image volumes to allow the scanhead to be scanned at a relatively fast speed.

Abstract: A system for generating a three-dimensional image of the compressed breast 40 of a subject includes an x-ray mammography unit 24 for generating x-ray mammography data, a mechanical scanner 20 including an x-ray mammography compression paddle assembly 22, a control and motion system 26, 28 for driving the mechanical scanner 20 and for sensing the control and motion system's position, an ultrasound probe 32 for generating ultrasound image data in spatial registration with the x-ray mammography unit 24, and a computer 38 for generating from the ultrasound image data and the x-ray mammography data the three-dimensional ultrasound image.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging system uses a specially configured scanhead to provide ultrasound return signals that are processed by an imaging unit to generate a three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound image. One embodiment of the scanhead includes a first pair of apertures aligned along a first axis, and a second pair of apertures aligned along a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis. All of the apertures lie in a common plane. Respective signals from the apertures along each axis are processed to generate two-dimensional Doppler motion vectors. The resulting pairs of two-dimensional Doppler motion vectors are then processed to generate three-dimensional Doppler motion vectors that are used to generate a three-dimensional Doppler image. In another embodiment, three co-planar apertures are arranged equidistantly from each other about a common center, and the three-dimensional Doppler image is generated from respective signals from the apertures.

Abstract: A method and system for reducing speckle for two and three-dimensional images is disclosed. For two-dimensional imaging, a one and a half or a two-dimensional transducer is used to obtain sequential, parallel or related frames of elevation spaced data. The frames are compounded to derive a two-dimensional image. For three-dimensional imaging, various pluralities of two-dimensional frames of data spaced in elevation are compounded into one plurality of spaced two-dimensional frames of data. The frames of data are then used to derive a three dimensional set of data, such as by interpolation. Alternatively, the various pluralities are used to derive a three-dimensional set of data. An anisotropic filter is applied to the set of data. The anisotropic filter filters at least along the elevation dimension. In either situation, various displays may be generated from the final three-dimensional set of data. A method and system for adjustably generating two and three-dimensional representations is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for ultrasound imaging wherein ultrasound imaging data is acquired at points in a plurality of imaging slices and the ultrasound imaging data is used to determine the relative positions of the slices.

Abstract: A method and system for imaging an artery contained in an arterial tree. A microprocessor generates a three-dimensional reconstruction of the arterial tree from two or more angiographic images obtained from different perspectives. The orientation of the axis of the artery in the arterial tree is then determined, and a perspective of the artery perpendicular to the axis of the artery is determined. A three dimensional reconstruction of the artery from angiographic images obtained from the determined perspective is then generated.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system and method are described for more uniformly sector scanning a volumetric or planar image region. The acquired data set comprises raylines extending over the full depth of field and raylines for which near-field image data is omitted. This results in a more uniform spatial sampling of both the near- and far-field regions when scanning with radially steered beams. Processing and storage requirements of the ultrasound system are correspondingly lessened.

Abstract: An ultrasound scanner may display volume renderings of objects in real time. In particular, the system can scan an object at a first time using the ultrasound scanner to provide a first 3D ultrasound dataset that represents the object and of an instrument at a first position. A volume rendering of at least a portion of the object and instrument can be displayed. The first position of the instrument can be adjusted relative to the object based on the displayed volume rendering to provide a second position of the instrument. The object is scanned at a second time using the ultrasound scanner to provide a second 3D ultrasound dataset that represents at least a portion of the object and the instrument at the second position.

Abstract: Tomographic images, including a tissue surface, are selected from volumetric data to provide selected tomographic images, each of the selected tomographic images has a respective orientation with respect to the tissue surface. Manual input data is accepted to define a boundary of the tissue surface in each of the selected tomographic images to provide respective manual traces of the boundary of the tissue surface. A 3D view of the tissue surface is displayed and updated in real time based on the manual traces of the boundary of the tissue surface. A user, such as a cardiologist, may therefore be provided with a visualization of the tissue surface allowing a faster and more accurate diagnosis of the tissue condition.

Abstract: A parametric imaging ultrasound catheter apparatus is capable of obtaining parametric images of the surrounding insonated environment. Parametric imaging is defined as the imaging of quantifiable “parameters” which of visible two-, three-, fourth-dimensional or non-visible higher-dimensional temporal physiologic events. Visible motion is a fourth-dimensional event and includes surrogate features of cardiac muscle contraction, wall motion, valve leaflet motion, etc. Non-visible motion is a higher-dimensional event and includes slow non-visible events (i.e., remodeling, transformation, aging, healing, etc.) or fast non-visible events (i.e., heat, electricity, strain, compliance, perfusion, etc.). An ultrasound catheter with parametric imaging capability can obtain dynamic digital or digitized information from the surrounding environment and display information features or quanta as a static or dynamic geometric figures from which discrete or gross quantifiable information can be obtained.

Abstract: A method and system for indicating the position and orientation of a scan plane relative to a patient is provided. The image as presented on a display is oriented in accordance with the orientation of a transducer. The orientation may provide for displaying an image where the transducer is not in a transducer up or transducer down position, but is rotated away from vertical of the display. Alternatively or additionally, a two or three-dimensional graphical generic representation is provided with a scan plane indicated as a polygon or image rendering within a generic representation to show relative positioning of the scan plane with respect to the patient.

Abstract: An acoustoelectronic method and apparatus for generating real-time three-dimensional images of an object and characterizing such object are provided. The object is insonified with an incident acoustic signal derived from an electrical signal. Acoustic signals scattered from the object are collected by an acoustic receiver, which generates analog electrical signals that are subsequently converted to digital electronic signals. The digital electronic signals are used in both direct-imaging and holographic methods to produce a three-dimensional representation of the object from which images and characterizations can be generated.

Abstract: A method for marking three-dimensional (3D) locations from images obtained from an ultrasound imaging system including a transducer, comprising the steps of: tracking the pose of the transducer with respect to an external 3D coordinate system; obtaining a two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound image from the transducer; marking a desired target with a marker on the 2D ultrasound image; and calculating the 3D position of the marker utilizing data from the step of tracking.

Abstract: A real time three dimensional ultrasound imaging probe apparatus is configured to be placed inside a body. The apparatus comprises an elongated body having proximal and distal ends with an ultrasonic transducer phased array connected to and positioned on the distal end of the elongated body. The ultrasonic transducer phased array is positioned to emit and receive ultrasonic energy for volumetric forward scanning from the distal end of the elongated body. The ultrasonic transducer phased array includes a plurality of sites occupied by ultrasonic transducer elements. At least one ultrasonic transducer element is absent from at least one of the sites, thereby defining an interstitial site. A tool is positioned at the interstitial site. In particular, the tool can be a fiber optic lead, a suction tool, a guide wire, an electrophysiological electrode, or an ablation electrode. Related systems are also discussed.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe is moved to scan a volumetric region of the body. As it is moved, targets within the region are interrogated from multiple look directions. The echo data from the multiple look directions are compounded to form spatially compounded image data, which is processed for display in a three dimensional display format.

Abstract: Variable multi-dimensional apodization control for an ultrasonic transducer array is disclosed. The variable multi-dimensional apodization control is applicable to both piezoelectric based transducers and to MUT based transducers and allows control of the apodization profile of an ultrasonic transducer array having elements arranged in more than one dimension.

Abstract: Accurate tissue motion systems and methods are provided. Motion of the ultrasound transducer is accounted for in estimates at tissue motion. Correcting for transducer motion better isolates localized tissue contractions or expansions, such as motion of the myocardial muscle or fibers. Accurate motion estimation is also provided by determining an angle of motion from the ultrasound data. The angle of motion is used to adjust velocity estimates, providing two-dimensional velocity vectors (i.e. motion estimates comprising motion in at least two dimensions). Movement of tissue is determined by correlating speckle or a feature represented by two different sets of ultrasound data obtained at different times. Additional aspects include tracking the location of a tissue of interest. A characteristic of strain, such as the strain rate or strain, is calculated for the tracked tissue of interest.

Abstract: A method and system for identifying constrictions in a vessel are provided. Total blood volume flow is measured at various locations along the vessel. The total volume flow must be conserved. Regions with a different volume flow than expected (e.g. areas associated with a lower volume that violates conservation of flow) are identified as suspicious. Suspicious regions are likely associated with dropout artifact. Actual constrictions are determined from the geometry of images where the region is not suspicious.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement device for use in treatment of a patient's bone, containing a specific location, which is of the kind reflecting ultrasonic radiation and which is to be prevented from being contacted during the treatment. The measurement device comprises two ultrasound probes tat are to be located at opposite sides of the bone. Both probes are capable of receiving the reflected ultrasonic radiation, at least one of the probes being a transceiver. The two probes are operable to communicate with each other to generate measured data indicative of a relative position of said location in the bone with respect to the probes. The invention also relates to a measurement device for use in dental treatment of a patient's alveolar bone that contains a nerve canal. The measurement device comprises a plurality of transceivers arranged in two arrays supported with adjustable distance between them so as to be placed at opposite sides of the bone, respectively, inside the patient's mouth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting cancer in human tissue. The device comprises an acoustic array shaped to conform to and surround a portion of the human anatomy and a material for acoustically coupling the acoustic array and the human anatomy portion. The acoustic array is formed from a plurality of doubly curved segments. Each segment is formed by a piezoelectric ceramic polymer composite material with an acoustic element pattern formed on one surface via the selective deposition of a conductive material. The acoustic element pattern contains a plurality of acoustic elements which act as both transmitters and receivers. The acoustic array further includes a backing material which provides a desired mechanical damping to each segment and defines the shape of the array. The device further includes a housing which includes signal conditioning electronics to condition signals received from the acoustic array.

Abstract: An ultrasound system that utilizes a probe in conjunction with little or no specialized 3-D software/hardware to produce images having depth cues. A control unit uses the probe to produce multiple slices of data, wherein each slice has a plurality of lines of data points. The control unit oversees the combination of data points from matched lines across the slices so as to create an image on the display giving the illusion of depth.

Abstract: Apparatus for mapping a surface of a cavity within a body of a subject includes an elongate probe, having a longitudinal axis and including a distal portion adapted for insertion into the cavity. A primary acoustic transducer on the distal portion of the probe is adapted to emit acoustic waves while the probe is in the cavity. A plurality of secondary acoustic transducers, distributed along the longitudinal axis over the distal portion of the probe, are adapted to receive the acoustic waves after reflection of the waves from the surface of the cavity and to generate, responsive to the received waves, electrical signals indicative of times of flight of the waves.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic imaging system and method are described for more uniformly scanning a volumetric region for 3D ultrasonic imaging. An image plane of steered scanning beams is rotated about an axis extending through the volumetric region with beams in the vicinity of the axis more widely separated than beams more remotely located from the axis. The nonuniform spacing of the scanning beams results in relatively less disparate sampling densities across the scanned volumetric region. The inventive method may be performed with both 1D and 2D array transducers.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus including a three-dimensional scanner for carrying out a three-dimensional scanning by ultrasonic waves. The apparatus also includes a three-dimensional image data former for forming three-dimensional image data based on scanning data obtained from the three-dimensional scanner. An image data memory is included as part of the apparatus for storing in time series a plurality of pieces of three-dimensional image data formed by the three-dimensional image data former. The apparatus includes a memory controller for controlling write and read of the three-dimensional image data into or from the image data memory. And the apparatus further includes a display image former for forming a display image based on three-dimensional image data read out from the image data memory by the memory controller, and for displaying the formed display image on a display unit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer probe uses one or more ribbon cables to attach the transducer elements to the probe wiring. Electrical conductors within a first ribbon cable attach to corresponding lands on an end of an integrated circuit and, electrical conductors within additional ribbon cables attach to corresponding lands on circuit boards. The circuit boards distribute the electrical signals from the attached ribbon cables to additional lands on another end of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging method and apparatus are described for imaging the coronary arteries of the heart. The vascular system is infused with an ultrasonic contrast agent. A volumetric region of the heart wall including a coronary artery is three dimensionally scanned. A projection image of the volumetric region is produced from the scanning, providing a two dimensional contrast image of the coronary artery with the appearance of an angiogram. Preferably the coronary artery signals are segmented from contrast signals emanating from the myocardium and the heart blood pool so that the coronary arteries are clearly highlighted and distinct in the ultrasonic angiogram.

Abstract: A method of generating three-dimensional image data by transmitting beams to an object from a transmitting part and detecting beams reflected from the object by using a two-dimensional sensor array having a plurality of sensors. The method includes the steps of: (a) storing detection signals obtained by the plurality of sensors during a predetermined period after transmission; (b) obtaining image data about at least one measured point included in the object on the basis of a detection signal output from at least one of the plurality of sensors at a time point obtained from relationship between a distance from the transmission part to at least one of the plurality of sensors through the at least one measured point and a transmission velocity of the beams passing through the object; and (c) obtaining image data by repeating step (b) while changing the time point.

Abstract: A system and a method generate a 3-D image by fast computing the distance between adjacent 2-D images. The method comprises the steps of: producing a first main frame, a second main frame parallel to the first main frame, and a supplementary frame inclined at an angle with respect to the first main frame; creating a virtual frame by using the first main frame and the supplementary frame; calculating a first correlation coefficient between the first main frame and the virtual frame; computing a second correlation coefficient between the first and second main frames; and estimating a distance between the first and second main frames. The system comprises a probe for generating pairs of image frames; a distance calculating unit for calculating distances between main frames of the pairs; and a screen for displaying a 3-D image of the target produced by using the distances.

Abstract: An ultrasonic imaging method and apparatus are described for imaging the coronary arteries of the heart. The vascular system is infused with an ultrasonic contrast agent. A volumetric region of the heart wall including a coronary artery is three dimensionally scanned. A projection image of the volumetric region is produced from the scanning, providing a two dimensional contrast image of the coronary artery with the appearance of an angiogram. Preferably the coronary artery signals are segmented from contrast signals emanating from the myocardium and the heart blood pool so that the coronary arteries are clearly highlighted and distinct in the ultrasonic angiogram.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a three-dimensional image of a subsurface object utilizes an ultrasonic transducer wand to acquire ultrasonic images of an object, and a target plate attached to the wand which is optically imaged during each of a sequence of ultrasound scans, each of which is made with a different positioning of the ultrasonic scanning beam, thereby forming a sequence of quasi two-dimensional sonogram image slices of the object. Intersecting lines on the target are used to calculate a first coordinate transformation which transforms each optical image of the target plate and sensor to a normal view thereof, and each normally oriented target plate image is used to orient each sonogram image in a fixed coordinate system. A transformation matrix is then used to construct in a fixed coordinate system normalized two-dimensional sensor image slices of correct relative size, location, and orientation.

Abstract: For that method to examine an object by using ultrasound waves a spatial region of the object is scanned by a 3D probe. From the reflected echo signals just signals are processed which fulfil certain selectable criteria and taken to display it according to their position on at least one display device. For the representation of one or more objects with one or more interesting layers the geometrical selection criterion is a shell which approximates a surface of the object or of a layer and which can have a certain thickness, and only signals which are selected by this shell will be processed and displayed. This results in a undisturbed representation of the object and allows better view to the characteristic of the surface regarding structure or perfusion.

Abstract: An adaptive multidimensional beamformer having near-instantaneous convergence for ultrasound imaging systems deploying multidimensional sensor arrays is disclosed. In a first step, the multidimensional beamformer is decomposed into sub-apertures. Each sub-aperture is then again decomposed into two coherent subsets of circular and/or line array beamformers in different coordinate directions of the multidimensional array. Implementation of the multidimensional beamformer according to the present invention provides the basis for a 3D ultrasound imaging system according to the present invention comprising a compact multidimensional sensor array and a compact processing unit that is field deployable and generates high resolution three-dimensional images in real time. It is also possible to capture four-dimensional images, the fourth dimension being time and the resulting images forming a video image of a volume of a moving organ.