Abstract: Disclosed are filter elements constructed of a filter support material coated with an acetoacetate-functional polymeric composition that reacts with and removes aldehydes, especially formaldehyde, present in gases such as air. Also disclosed are methods for the removal of aldehydes utilizing the coated filter support materials.

Abstract: A surface-modified adsorbent comprises a reagent on a porous carrier. Preferred porous carriers are adsorbent carbons such as activated carbon, silica gels, aluminas, polyester resins, zeolites or zeolite-like materials, and mixtures thereof. Preferred reagents are 2-hydroxymethylpiperidine (2-HMP) or a 2-HMP analogue. Surface modified adsorbents can be incorporated into cigarettes, preferably in an amount effective to reduce the concentration of one or more constituents of cigarette smoke.

Abstract: Smoking articles which involve the use of amphiphile-modified sorbents are disclosed. The amphiphile-modified sorbent has at least one amphiphilic compound bound to an inorganic molecular sieve substrate. The amphiphile-modified sorbent selectively removes certain constituents from cigarette smoke, while maintaining other constituents, such as those that contribute to flavor. Methods for making cigarette filters and smoking articles using amphiphile-modified sorbents, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette containing an amphiphile-modified sorbent, are also provided.

Abstract: A filter element incorporating an adsorbent material is provided. The filter element may comprise a first section of filter material and a second section of filter material spaced apart to form a compartment therebetween. The compartment may be filled with one or more adsorbents or the compartment may be divided into two regions, wherein one compartment region is filled with an adsorbent and the other compartment region is either filled with an ion-exchange resin or remains empty. The section of filter material adjacent to the tobacco rod may include one or more channels therethrough for passaging smoke directly from the tobacco rod into the adsorbent-filled compartment. The mouth end section of filter material may contain a breakable capsule, wherein the breakable capsule is filled with a flavoring agent capable of altering the taste characteristics of mainstream smoke.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the process of applying palladium salts to tobacco cut filler and other smokable products so that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be reduced in both mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) cigarette smoke. The reduction in PAHs is observed in the total particulate matter (TPM) of the mainstream (MS) and sidestream (SS) smoke. Additionally, substantial reductions in heavy metals and Ames biological activity can be achieved when the palladium salt solution is applied and processed in accordance with the present invention. The present invention provides these improvements by using a preferred ratio of palladium (Pd) salt to Chloride (Cl) that is specifically designed to allow for high palladium solubility. Further, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for applying the palladium salt solution while minimizing the number of processing steps required.

Abstract: A component of a cigarette comprises a silver-based catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The silver-based catalyst comprises particles (e.g., nanoscale or larger sized particles) of metallic silver and/or silver oxide supported in and/or on metal oxide support particles. The silver-based catalyst can be incorporated into a cigarette component such as tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and cigarette filter material to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette during smoking. The catalyst can also be used in non-cigarette applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for diagnosis of pre-eclampsia which comprises measuring urate in a biological sample. The sample is preferably maternal saliva.

Abstract: A component of a cigarette comprises a silver-based catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The silver-based catalyst comprises particles (e.g., nanoscale or larger sized particles) of metallic silver and/or silver oxide supported in and/or on metal oxide support particles. The silver-based catalyst can be incorporated into a cigarette component such as tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and cigarette filter material to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette during smoking. The catalyst can also be used in non-cigarette applications.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a filter cigarillo (1) which has tobacco (4), a filter (8) at the mouth end of the filter cigarillo (1), and a covering sheet (12) which extends over the whole length of the filter cigarillo (1). A banderole-like marking (14), which leaves free the mouth end (2) of the filter cigarillo (1), is disposed at the mouth half of the covering sheet (12). Preferably, below the covering sheet (12), the tobacco (4) is surrounded by a surround sheet (6), and the filter (8) is connected to the surround sheet (6) by means of a filter cover (10).

Abstract: Aspects of the invention concern methods for detecting, identifying and evaluating tobacco and tobacco products to determine the potential that these compositions have to contribute to a tobacco-related disease. It is based, at least in part; on the discovery that exposure of pulmonary cells to smoke or smoke condensate obtained from tobacco or tobacco products induces double stranded breaks in cellular DNA, which were efficiently detected using assays that measure the presence, absence, or amount of phosphorylation of the histone, H2AX.

Abstract: Smoking article components, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided that use nitrided transition metal oxide nanoscale particles and/or nitrided transition metal oxide clusters capable of catalyzing and/or oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or adsorbing carbon monoxide and catalyzing and/or reducing nitric oxide to nitrogen and/or adsorbing nitric oxide. Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper and cigarette filter material can comprise nitrided transition metal oxide nanoscale particles and/or nitrided transition metal oxide clusters.

Abstract: Smoking article components, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided that use transition metal oxide clusters capable of catalyzing and/or oxidizing the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or adsorbing carbon monoxide. Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper and cigarette filter material can comprise transition metal oxide clusters.

Abstract: A tobacco smoking mixture and/or a cigarette wrapper with high-temperature ammonia-release agents therein are provided, wherein the high-temperature ammonia-release agents are present in an amount effective to reduce the cytotoxicity of gas phase or particulate matter formed during smoking of the cigarette. The high-temperature ammonia-release agents are capable of reducing the cyotoxicity of gas phase or particulate matter by evolving ammonia at temperatures greater than about 200° C., wherein the ammonia can interact with the particulate matter. Additionally, the high-temperature ammonia-release agents can be formed by heating an aqueous mixture of an iron precursor compound, an ammonia source compound and an acid.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for making a fuel element for a smoking article comprising forming a combustible carbonaceous material into a fuel element adapted for use in a smoking article; incorporating a metal-containing catalyst precursor into the fuel element or onto the surface thereof to form a treated fuel element, the incorporating step occurring before, during, or after said forming step; and optionally heating or irradiating the treated fuel element at a temperature and for a time sufficient to convert the catalyst precursor to a catalytic metal compound. Examples of metal-containing catalyst precursors include iron nitrate, copper nitrate, cerium nitrate, cerium ammonium nitrate, manganese nitrate, magnesium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Fuel elements treated according to the invention, and smoking articles including such fuel elements, are also provided.

Abstract: Smoking article components, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided that use nitrided transition metal oxide nanoscale particles and/or nitrided transition metal oxide clusters capable of catalyzing and/or oxidizing carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or adsorbing carbon monoxide and catalyzing and/or reducing nitric oxide to nitrogen and/or adsorbing nitric oxide. Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper and cigarette filter material can comprise nitrided transition metal oxide nanoscale particles and/or nitrided transition metal oxide clusters.

Abstract: A method of making intermetallic nanoscale particles comprising iron aluminide and/or iron aluminum carbide comprising the steps of preparing a mixture of a solvent, an iron salt and LiAlH4, and heating the mixture to form the intermetallic nanoscale particles. The intermetallic nanoscale particles, which can comprise intermetallic nanoscale particles of iron aluminide and/or iron aluminum carbide in an alumina matrix, are capable of reducing the amount of 1,3-butadiene in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette.

Abstract: A cigarette filter is characterized in that sesame lignan (which is at least one selected from the group consisting of sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesamolinol, sesamolin and pinoredinol) is added to the filter.

Abstract: Mixed metal oxide catalysts are prepared by combining first nanoscale particles and second nanoscale particles to form a mixture of nanoscale particles and then the mixture is heated to form a mixed metal oxide catalyst. The mixed metal oxide catalysts, which are capable of reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette during smoking, are incorporated into a smoking article component such as tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and/or cigarette filter material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery are described. A carbon monoxide reducing agent is incorporated into the smoking article in order to reduce carbon monoxide levels in mainstream smoke. The carbon monoxide reducing agent may be, for instance, in metal oxide or in metal carbonate. The carbon monoxide reducing agent may be incorporated into a wrapper and/or into a column of smokable filler that are used to construct the smoking article.

Abstract: Smoking articles which use thiol-functionalized sorbents are provided. The thiol-functionalized sorbents comprise at least one thioalkylsilyl compound covalently bound to an inorganic molecular sieve substrate, where the thiol-functionalized sorbent is capable of removing at least one heavy metal constituent of mainstream smoke. The thiol-functionalized sorbents are particularly useful for the removal of mercury and/or cadmium from mainstream smoke. Methods for making cigarette filters and smoking articles using the thiol-functionalized sorbent, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette comprising the thiol-functionalized sorbent, are also provided.

Abstract: A smoking machine for smoking a smoking article is disclosed. The smoking machine comprises one or more electrochemical cells for analyzing the composition of a smoke stream from the smoking article. This can allow a gas or vapor phase chemical to be analyzed directly in real time without the need for pre-conditioning or preparation.

Abstract: Improved filters useful for tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and novel cigarettes having such filters are disclosed. The filters include adsorbents such as activated carbon which reduce amounts of one or more gas phase constituents of mainstream tobacco smoke. The adsorbents are treated with off-taste suppressants which reduce the off-taste associated with adsorbent containing filters and substantially restore the taste normally associated with tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A carbonaceous heat source composition for a non-combustion type smoking article according to the present invention includes carbon and 0.5 to 5% by weight of a polyhydric alcohol. Also, a non-combustion type smoking article according to the present invention is provided with such a heat source.

Abstract: A cigarette filter has a filter medium containing an inorganic basic substance such as sodium carbonate and a moisturizing agent selected from the group consisting of glycerin, sodium propionate and sodium lactate.

Abstract: There is provided a smoking tool that is capable of selectively removing carbon monoxide in tobacco mainstream smoke. The smoking tool includes a catalyst packed section packed with an oxidation catalyst capable of selectively removing carbon monoxide relative to nicotine among components of the tobacco mainstream smoke, into which tobacco mainstream smoke is introduced, and a heater heating the catalyst packed section.

Abstract: In a filter cigarette having a tobacco strand, a wrapping and a filter, the filter possesses at least one gas phase-active filter part which contains at least one gas phase-reducing substance. The gas phase-reducing substances are embedded in a filter material matrix. They are introduced in a quantity of at least 75 mg per filter and at least 5 mg/mm of the length of the gas phase-active filter part. The filter cigarette exhibits a filter ventilation of at most 30% (or of from 30% to 70%). The NFDPM value is between 4 and 10 mg/cigarette (or in the range of from 2 to 4 mg/Cigarette), as measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions. The gas phase quotient Q1, defined as (?g of benzene per cigarette)/(mg of CO per cigarette) and measured in accordance with ISO smoking conditions, is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.

Abstract: Provided is a smoking article and method for reducing TPM cytotoxicity and targeted constituents in mainstream smoke. The smoking article includes tobacco material including a salt of a lanthanide metal. The method includes combining a salt of a lanthanide metal, water, and optionally glycerin to produce a solution that is applied to tobacco material. Preferably, the salt is an acetate, a sulfate, or a gluconate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for reducing TPM cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and/or phenolic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the particulate phase of mainstream smoke. Also provided is a smoking article including tobacco material treated with a bismuth containing compound and optionally glycerin. The method includes forming a suspension of a bismuth containing compound, water, and optionally glycerin. Tobacco material is contacted with the suspension, and then dried to evaporate the water. The tobacco material is used to form smoking articles with potentially reduced TPM cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and/or targeted constituents in mainstream smoke.

Abstract: Smoking articles and filters, which involve the use of carbon-coated molecular sieve sorbents are provided. The carbon-coated molecular sieve sorbent has a carbon coating within pores of a mesoporous molecular sieve. The carbon-coated molecular sieve sorbent provides selective adsorption of one or more constituents from mainstream smoke, such as acrolein or 1,3-butadiene. Thus, certain constituents from cigarette smoke will be selectively removed, while maintaining other constituents, such as those that contribute to flavor. Methods for making cigarette filters and smoking articles using the carbon-coated molecular sieve sorbent, as well as methods for smoking a cigarette comprising the carbon-coated molecular sieve sorbent, are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reconstituted smoking material which comprises a non-polyol aerosol generator, tobacco (optional), binder (optional) and inorganic filler. A further polyol aerosol generator may also be contained in the smoking material. There is also provided a smoking article containing such material in a conventional arrangement or with a core axially disposed within an annulus. A further aspect of the invention is the provision of a polyol or non-polyol aerosol generator disposed in the filter element of a smoking article, which may contain the inventive smoking material. The aerosol material on the filter is eluted into the aerosol of the smoke on burning of the smoking article.

Abstract: A filtered cigarette possesses a smokable rod and a filter element. The filter element possesses a segment incorporating filter material (e.g., cellulose acetate tow) having carbonaceous material (e.g., activated charcoal particles) or other adsorbent dispersed throughout the filter material, and encapsulated flavoring agent (e.g., flavor-containing microcapsules) dispersed throughout the filter material.

Abstract: Disclosed are materials and compositions effective for the selective removal of gaseous aldehydes from tobacco smoke. The materials and compositions comprise tobacco smoke filters comprising a fibrous material or fibers of a polymeric material containing covalently-bonded acetoacetoxy residues. The fibrous material or fibers are capable of reacting with and removing aldehydes present in tobacco smoke. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of fibrous materials and fibers of a polymeric material containing covalently-bonded acetoacetoxy residues and methods for the removal of a gaseous aldehyde from tobacco smoke by contacting tobacco smoke with the aforesaid fibrous materials or fibers containing covalently-bonded acetoacetoxy residues.

Abstract: To a constitutive element of a tobacco (a leaf-tobacco component or a filter) is added a proanthocyanidin or a proanthocyanidin-carrying porous material (such as an active carbon) to obtain an element for tobacco smoke. The proanthocyanidin may be at least one extract selected from a grape seed or pip, a grape rind or pericarp and squeezed dregs of a grape fruit.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper, cigarette filters, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoscale particle composite catalysts capable of acting as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The nanoscale composite catalyst comprises metal and/or metal oxide particles supported on nanoscale support particles. The nanoscale composite catalyst can be prepared by forming a mixture by combining nanoscale particles with a colloidal solution, a metal precursor solution with nanoscale particles, or a metal precursor solution with a colloidal solution, and then heat-treating the mixture.

Abstract: A smoking article includes a tobacco rod in axial alignment with a filter section with a catalyst bed disposed between the tobacco rod and the filter section. The catalyst bed may be heated from an external portable heating source or may be heated by the internal evolving gases of combustion of the tobacco.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes which involve the use of partially reduced nanoparticle additives capable of acting as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide are provided. The compositions, articles and methods of the invention can be used to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide and/or nitric oxide present in mainstream smoke. The partially reduced additive can be formed by partially reducing Fe2O3, to produce a mixture of various reduced forms such as Fe3O4, FeO and/or Fe, along with unreduced Fe2O3.

Abstract: A smoking article composition and a method of making a smoking article composition comprising tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and/or cigarette filter material further comprising a catalyst capable of converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, wherein the catalyst comprises nanoscale catalyst particles dispersed within a porous aluminosilicate matrix. The catalyst can be formed by combining nanoscale catalyst particles or a metal precursor solution thereof with an alumina-silica sol mixture to form a slurry, gelling the slurry to form the co-gel, heating the co-gel to form a catalyst comprising nanoscale catalyst particles dispersed within a porous aluminosilicate matrix. The catalyst can be incorporated in tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and/or cigarette filter material by spraying, dusting and/or immersion.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of a catalyst capable converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or nitric oxide to nitrogen. Cut filler compositions comprise tobacco and at least one catalyst. Cigarettes are provided, which comprise a cut filler having at least one catalyst. The catalyst comprises nanoscale metal and/or metal oxide particles supported on a fibrous support. The catalyst can be prepared by combining a dispersion of nanoscale particles with a fibrous support, or by combining a metal precursor solution with a fibrous support and then heat treating the fibrous support.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter comprising one or more than one metal phthalocyanine, such as a copper phthalocyanine or an iron phthalocyanine, and further comprising one or more than one polycationic polymer.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoparticle additives capable of reducing at least one constituent from mainstream and/or sidestream tobacco smoke, the at least one constituent being selected from the group consisting of aldehyde, carbon monoxide, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, o-toluidine, 2-naphtylamine, nitrogen oxide, benzene, N-nitrosonornicotine, phenol, catechol, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the nanoparticle additives are effective as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or catalyst for conversion of aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and acrolein, hydrocarbons such as isoprene and/or phenolic compounds such as catechol to carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoparticle additives capable of acting as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Cut filler compositions are described which comprise tobacco and at least one nanoparticle additive. Cigarettes are provided, which comprise a tobacco rod, containing a cut filler having at least one nanoparticle additive. Methods for making a cigarette are provided, which involve (i) adding a nanoparticle additive to a cut filler; (ii) providing the cut filler comprising the additive to a cigarette making machine to form a tobacco rod; and (iii) placing a paper wrapper around the tobacco rod to form the cigarette.

Abstract: The invention describes a smoking article (1) comprising a wrapper (3) enwrapping a tobacco smoking material (2), the wrapper comprising a ceramic material and being capable of mechanically trapping mainly aqueous particulate phase materials in the sidestream smoke, thereby reducing sidestream smoke deliveries considerably despite the use of the wrapper with conventional tobacco materials.

Abstract: A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod and a non-combustible treatment material for the rod. The treatment material has a porosity less than about 200 Coresta units and a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for said catalyst. In addition, the invention provides a low sidestream smoke cigarette unit that comprises a cigarette with conventional cigarette paper surrounding a conventional tobacco rod and a non-combustible treatment material surrounding and being substantially in contact with the conventional cigarette paper.

Abstract: The methods concerns a method for general use and more particularly used for tobacco products. The method uses in particular nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as DNA and RNA bases and complementarily polymer fibers. Said molecules and said fibers can partly halogenated, or in halogenated salt media. The halogen is preferably fluorine. Fluorine may be added to may bei n the form of a medium of fluorinated salts such as NaF, KF, Na2PO3F. The filtering acts against the formation of human intracellular DNA or RNA adducts, while preserving the nicotine and the tobacco aromas.

Abstract: Nanocomposite copper-ceria catalysts are provided, which comprise copper oxide nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof combined with ceria nanoparticles. Methods for making such catalysts are also provided, which involve the steps of (i) combining ceria nanoparticles in an aqueous suspension with copper 2,4-pentanedionate to form a slurry; (ii) heating the slurry formed in step (i) under an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen-argon atmosphere, at a temperature and for a time sufficient to cause decomposition of the copper 2,4-pentanedionate to form copper nanoparticles and/or copper oxide nanoparticles that are combined with the ceria nanoparticles; and (iii) optionally, subjecting the product formed in step (ii) to a heat treatment process under conditions effective to convert at least some of the copper nanoparticles to copper oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A filter such as a cigarette filter having a metal reagent which selectively binds with a gaseous component of a gas stream such as tobacco smoke. The metal reagent comprises nanometer or micrometer size clusters of a transition metal or alloy containing a transition metal. The transition metal can be incorporated in an intermetallic compound such as titanium aluminide or iron aluminide. The metal clusters can be incorporated in or on a support material such as silica gel, porous carbon or a zeolite. The metal reagent can remove the gaseous component by selectively binding to unsaturated hydrocarbons such as 1,3-butadiene. The binding can occur by insertion of a metal atom of the metal reagent into a C—H bond or a C—C bond of the gaseous component.

Abstract: A cigarette filter that has a scavenging effect on smoking induced gas phase free radicals. The filter ingredients are comprised of proanthocyanidins and include, but are not limited to, extracts of barks of pine tree, extracts of cones of cypress trees, extracts of grape seeds, and any combination thereof. Also, vitamin C and other known antioxidant ingredients may be added.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of a catalyst capable converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or nitric oxide to nitrogen. Cut filler compositions comprise tobacco and at least one catalyst. Cigarettes are provided, which comprise a cut filler having at least one catalyst. The catalyst comprises nanoscale metal and/or metal oxide particles supported on a fibrous support. The catalyst can be prepared by combining a dispersion of nanoscale particles with a fibrous support, or by combining a metal precursor solution with a fibrous support and then heat treating the fibrous support.

Abstract: A smoking article composition and a method of making a smoking article composition comprising tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and/or cigarette filter material further comprising a catalyst capable of converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, wherein the catalyst comprises nanoscale catalyst particles dispersed within a porous aluminosilicate matrix. The catalyst can be formed by combining nanoscale catalyst particles or a metal precursor solution thereof with an alumina-silica sol mixture to form a slurry, gelling the slurry to form the co-gel, heating the co-gel to form a catalyst comprising nanoscale catalyst particles dispersed within a porous aluminosilicate matrix. The catalyst can be incorporated in tobacco cut filler, cigarette paper and/or cigarette filter material by spraying, dusting and/or immersion.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper, cigarette filters, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of a catalyst capable converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The catalyst comprises nanoscale metal and/or metal oxide particles supported on high surface area support particles. The catalyst can be prepared by combining a metal precursor solution with high surface area support particles to form a mixture, or by combining a metal precursor solution with a colloidal solution to form a mixture, and then heat treating the mixture.