Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarette paper, cigarette filters, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoscale particle composite catalysts capable of acting as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The nanoscale composite catalyst comprises metal and/or metal oxide particles supported on nanoscale support particles. The nanoscale composite catalyst can be prepared by forming a mixture by combining nanoscale particles with a colloidal solution, a metal precursor solution with nanoscale particles, or a metal precursor solution with a colloidal solution, and then heat-treating the mixture.

Abstract: A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod and a non-combustible treatment material for the rod. The treatment material has a porosity less than about 200 Coresta units and a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises, in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for said catalyst. In addition, the invention provides a low sidestream smoke cigarette unit that comprises a cigarette with conventional cigarette paper surrounding a conventional tobacco rod and a non-combustible treatment material surrounding and being substantially in contact with the conventional cigarette paper.

Abstract: A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod, and a combustible treatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for said catalyst.

Abstract: The oral cavity is a source of sensitive biomarkers that allow the development of novel tobacco filters to reverse and eliminate acute adverse effects of tobacco smoke. Useful biomarkers are ubiquitous functional leukocytes and associated essential biochemical mechanisms, including metabolic pathways and specific enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase contained in fluid-cell lavages obtained from the human mouth. These biomarkers derived from the human mouth and sputum from the human respiratory system can be used to evaluate long-term chronic effects of tobacco smoke. A tobacco filter comprising strongly basic anion exchange resins and strongly acidic cation exchange resins with or without activated carbon, is used to detect, reduce and eliminate toxic substances from tobacco smoke while retaining taste and aroma. The novel filter in conjunction with biomarkers allow the establishment of performance standards that permit the direct visualization and measurement of acute adverse reactions caused by tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter a copper-containing porphyrin or an iron analog of C.I. Reactive Blue 21 dye. A method of making a first tobacco smoke filter segment, comprising the steps of, first, providing one or more than one substance; producing a mixture of cellulose fiber and the substance; heating the mixture for a sufficient time at one or more than one temperature sufficient to covalently link the substance to the cellulose fiber; and forming the cellulose fiber with covalently bound substance into the first tobacco smoke filter segment. The substance can be a copper-containing porphyrin or an iron analog of C.I. Reactive Blue 21 dye.

Abstract: Catalytically active carbons are used in cigarette filters for selective oxidation of selected gas phase components in cigarette smoke. The carbons are impregnated with transition metals and sulfur and/or nitrogen ligation. The catalytic activity of the carbon is significantly improved by introducing catalytically active sites by heat treatment in the range of 500-1000° C. in the presence of transition metals and nitrogenous or sulfurous materials. Furthermore, introduction of such metalliferous sites into a active carbon can improve the absorptive affinity of the active carbon for classes of compounds, including aliphatic dienes and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method of preventing or reducing tobacco smoke-associated injury in the aerodigestive tract of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antioxidant agent capable of preventing or reducing tobacco smoke-associated injury in the aerodigestive tract of a subject.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter comprising one or more than one metal phthalocyanine, such as a copper phthalocyanine or an iron phthalocyanine, and further comprising one or more than one polycationic polymer.

Abstract: A cigarette filter includes a multiple section filter which reduces the level of predetermined smoke constituents. The filter includes a fibrous filter plug section, a selective adsorbent section, and a general adsorbent section co-axially aligned in tandem. The selective adsorbent section includes a selective absorbent material which is a phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix surface-functionalized with mainly primary and secondary amine functional groups which removes specific smoke constituents from the tobacco smoke. The general adsorbent section is a material capable of adsorbing a range of chemical compounds without a high degree of specificity.

Abstract: Nanocomposite copper-ceria catalysts are provided, which comprise copper oxide nanoparticles, copper nanoparticles, or a mixture thereof combined with ceria nanoparticles. Methods for making such catalysts are also provided, which involve the steps of (i) combining ceria nanoparticles in an aqueous suspension with copper 2,4-pentanedionate to form a slurry; (ii) heating the slurry formed in step (i) under an inert gas atmosphere or an oxygen-argon atmosphere, at a temperature and for a time sufficient to cause decomposition of the copper 2,4-pentanedionate to form copper nanoparticles and/or copper oxide nanoparticles that are combined with the ceria nanoparticles; and (iii) optionally, subjecting the product formed in step (ii) to a heat treatment process under conditions effective to convert at least some of the copper nanoparticles to copper oxide nanoparticles.

Abstract: A cellulose acetate structure excellent in its biodegradability. At least a surface region of the structure includes a biodegradable cellulose acetate composition containing a biodegradation promoting agent contained in cellulose acetate. The agent includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a salt of an oxygen acid of phosphorus, an ester of an oxygen acid of phosphorus or a salt thereof, carbonic acid and a salt thereof.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter synergist composition is provided comprised of antioxidants and minerals: the former are effective as free radical scavenger and the latter are capable of reducing the other harmful substances from tobacco smoke. In particular, minerals include the magnetized ferrite, which has great adsorbing capacity. The composition can be disposed within one or more chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low ignition propensity cigarette having a self-extinguishing cigarette wrapper which is capable of self-extinguishing the cigarette. The cigarette wrapper comprises an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide to support and maintain free-burn of the self-extinguishing cigarette while retaining the low ignition propensity property of the self-extinguishing cigarette wrapper. The invention further relates to a low sidestream smoke cigarette having low ignition propensity properties. The wrapper has a composition which reduces sidestream smoke from a burning cigarette and comprises in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for the catalyst. The sidestream smoke reducing composition reduces porosity of the wrapper to render the cigarette as self-extinguishable.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes which involve the use of partially reduced nanoparticle additives capable of acting as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide are provided. The compositions, articles and methods of the invention can be used to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide and/or nitric oxide present in mainstream smoke. The partially reduced additive can be formed by partially reducing Fe2O3, to produce a mixture of various reduced forms such as Fe3O4, FeO and/or Fe, along with unreduced Fe2O3.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter a copper-containing porphyrin or an iron analog of C.I. Reactive Blue 21 dye. A method of making a first tobacco smoke filter segment, comprising the steps of, first, providing one or more than one substance; producing a mixture of cellulose fiber and the substance; heating the mixture for a sufficient time at one or more than one temperature sufficient to covalently link the substance to the cellulose fiber; and forming the cellulose fiber with covalently bound substance into the first tobacco smoke filter segment. The substance can be a copper-containing porphyrin or an iron analog of C.I. Reactive Blue 21 dye.

Abstract: An electrical smoking system comprising a cigarette and an electric lighter, wherein the cigarette comprises a wrapper surrounding a tubular tobacco mat partially filled with material tobacco so as to define a filled tobacco rod portion and an unfilled tobacco rod portion. The wrapper includes an ammonium containing compound filler therein effective to reduce gaseous components of the tobacco smoke produced during smoking of the cigarette. The system includes a lighter comprising at least one heating blade and a controller adapted to control heating of the heater blade, the lighter arranged to at least partially receive the cigarette such that the heater blade heats a heating zone of the cigarette.

Abstract: The oral cavity is a source of sensitive biomarkers that allow the development of novel tobacco filters to reverse and eliminate acute adverse effects of tobacco smoke. Useful biomarkers are ubiquitous functional leukocytes and associated essential biochemical mechanisms, including metabolic pathways and specific enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase contained in fluid-cell lavages obtained from the human mouth. These biomarkers derived from the human mouth and sputum from the human respiratory system can be used to evaluate long-term chronic effects of tobacco smoke. A tobacco filter comprising strongly basic anion exchange resins and strongly acidic cation exchange resins with or without activated carbon, is used to detect, reduce and eliminate toxic substances from tobacco smoke while retaining taste and aroma. The novel filter in conjunction with biomarkers allow the establishment of performance standards that permit the direct visualization and measurement of acute adverse reactions caused by tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A cigarette filter having a reagent which chemically reacts with and removes a gaseous component of a smoke stream. The reagent contains functional groups covalently bonded to a non-volatile inorganic substrate which is incorporated in the filter. The filter can remove gaseous components such as aldehydes from tobacco smoke. Preferred functional groups are 3-aminopropylsilyl groups covalently bonded to silica gel (APS silica gel). The reagent can be contained in a space in the filter or incorporated in one or more filter elements such as tipping paper, shaped paper insert, mouthpiece plug, solid filter element, or free-flow filter element. The reagent can be part of or coated on paper such as tipping or filter paper or incorporated in non-paper filter elements formed from fibrous materials such as cellulose acetate or polypropylene fibers. Other preferred reagents include aminoethylaminopropylsilyl (AEAPS) silica gel and aminoethylaminoethylaminopropylsilyl (AEAEAPS) silica gel.

Abstract: A filter material for reducing the content of harmful substances in tobacco smoke. The filter material comprises a ground and not additionally activated expanded clay produced without adding foreign substances, and zeolite as the filter material. The filter is suitable for tobacco products such as cigarettes, cigars and cigarillos, and for smoking articles such as tobacco pipes and cigarette and cigar holders.

Abstract: A molded article molded from a cellulose acetate composition comprising, contained in cellulose acetate, a composite material of a decomposition accelerating agent formed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxygen acid of phosphorus, oxygen acid of sulfur, oxygen acid of nitrogen, a partial ester or hydrogen salt of these oxygen acids, carbonic acid and its hydrogen salt, a sulfonic acid and a carboxylic acid, with a reaction controlling agent formed of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing compound, a hydroxy compound, an oxygen-containing heterocyclic compound and a sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoparticle additives capable of acting as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. Cut filler compositions are described which comprise tobacco and at least one nanoparticle additive. Cigarettes are provided, which comprise a tobacco rod, containing a cut filler having at least one nanoparticle additive. Methods for making a cigarette are provided, which involve (i) adding a nanoparticle additive to a cut filler; (ii) providing the cut filler comprising the additive to a cigarette making machine to form a tobacco rod; and (iii) placing a paper wrapper around the tobacco rod to form the cigarette.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate comprising dry water and a porphyrin dispersed therein. The porous substrate can further comprise microcapsules. The microcapsules can comprise one or more substances selected from the group consisting of chlorophyllin, methylcellulose, sodium pyroglutamate and a vegetable oil. The porous substrate can further comprise sodium pyroglutamate.

Abstract: A smoking article including a wrapper surrounding a tobacco column and a selective filter element is disclosed. The selective filter element includes at least one carrier having a developed structure and a plurality of moieties capable of the nucleophilic attack of carbonyl-containing combustion products of the smoking article supported by the at least one carrier. The selective filter element may include at least one additional filter element such as cellulose acetate. The developed structure of the at least one carrier encourages the interaction of the carbonyl-containing combustion products and the plurality of moieties capable of the nucleophilic attack. Carries include polymers, which may have branch, such as partially oxidized cellulose and polyaniline. Carries may also be a zeolite or an inorganic oxide such as aluminum, of silicon, of aluminum and silicon, and combinations thereof. In yet another carrier is an activated carbon.

Abstract: A smoking article capable of delivering a regulated smoke composition to a smoker, includes a combustible filler wrapped in a combustible sheath and a filter unit designed to remove components from the smoke, disposed within the sheath. The filter unit includes a mass of porous silica or resin particles, where the porous silica or resin particles have an average particle size of from about 35 to about 400 &mgr;m and preferably an average porosity of from about 10 Å to about 1000 Å. The porous cigarette filter is self-compensating with respect to air ventilation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cigarette paper having a low total filler content, 20% by weight of the paper or less, a proportion of the filler being a filler capable of effecting visible sidestream smoke reduction. The basis weight of the paper is about 30 g m−2 or more. Smoking articles made with such papers provide a synergistic sidestream smoke component reduction when compared with control cigarettes. Papers according to the invention with the addition of various burn additives are also described.

Abstract: A composition for inclusion within a cigarette, cigar, pipe or smokeless tobacco. The composition can be included within the tobacco itself, a filter for filtering tobacco smoke once burned or even within the paper or wrapper surrounding the tobacco product. In the cigarette filter, be it internal or external filters, the antioxidant complex is capable of scavenging and neutralizing the free radicals emanating from the burning or heated tobacco and passing through the filter as the smoker inhales. The composition is also capable of reducing free radical damage to the oro-pharyngeal cavity, respiratory tract and lungs resulting from tobacco smoke. The composition includes glutathione and preferably L-glutathione and green tea and/or grape seed extract.

Abstract: A composition for inclusion within a cigarette, cigar, pipe or smokeless tobacco. The composition can be included within the tobacco itself, a filter for filtering tobacco smoke once burned within the paper or wrapper surrounding the tabacco product. In the cigarette filter, be it internal or external filters, the antioxidant complex is capable of scavenging and neutralizing the free radicals emanating from the burning or heated tobacco and passing through the filter as the smoker inhales. The composition is also capable of reducing free radical damage to the oro-pharyngeal cavity, respiratory tract and lungs resulting from tobacco smoke. The composition includes glutathione and preferaby L-glutathione and sources of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase.

Abstract: A low sidestream smoke cigarette comprises a conventional tobacco rod, and a combustible treatment paper having a sidestream smoke treatment composition. The treatment composition comprises in combination, an oxygen storage and donor metal oxide oxidation catalyst and an essentially non-combustible finely divided porous particulate adjunct for said catalyst.

Abstract: A device for minimizing cigarette sidestream smoke and reducing the free-burn rate of a burning cigarette, the device comprises: I) a non-combustible tubular element (12) encasing an effective length of a tobacco charge (22) of a cigarette (14) located in a tubular element; and II) the tubular element having a means for both minimizing sidestream smoke emission from a burning tobacco charge and reducing free-burn rate of such burning tobacco charge to increase the number of puffs from the burning tobacco charge.

Abstract: A poison-reduced cigarette includes adding hydrate of double salt of ferroso-ferric chloride into tobacco and cigarette filter to react with nicotine to form salt which will not be absorbed by the mucous membranes in the smoker's respiratory system for minimizing nicotine poison and for enhancing the smoker's health.

Abstract: The invention relates to low delivery cigarettes, usually having a mainstream particulate matter delivery of about 9 mg or less. An embodiment has a rod of tobacco material and a filter element. The filter element is an alkali filter material section having a loading level of less than 12% by weight of the section. The characteristics of the cigarettes are arranged so that, when smoked, the alkaline filter material is exposed to an amount of smoke acceptable to achieve an increased perception of smoke impact.

Abstract: A cigarette sidestream smoke treatment material made from a sheet of non-combustible active components provides a porous structure capable of treating sidestream smoke. The treatment material, as used in combination with a cigarette, provides a low sidestream smoke emitting cigarette unit. The material has a porosity which encourages a conventional free-burn rate of a conventional cigarette. The material may comprise a sorbent capable of sorbing components of the sidestream smoke, and an oxygen storage component which releases oxygen at free-burn rate temperatures to ensure that conventional free-burn rate is maintained and to enhance the oxidation treatment of the adsorbed non-aqueous components. Preferably, an oxidation catalyst is included in the material and most desirably the oxygen storage component may also function as the oxidation catalyst. Particularly preferred materials which perform the dual function are oxides of cerium.

Abstract: A cigarette filter having a reagent which chemically reacts with and removes a gaseous component of a smoke stream. The reagent contains functional groups covalently bonded to a non-volatile inorganic substrate which is incorporated in the filter. The filter can remove gaseous components such as aldehydes from tobacco smoke. Preferred functional groups are 3-aminopropylsilyl groups covalently bonded to silica gel (APS silica gel). The reagent can be contained in a space in the filter or incorporated in one or more filter elements such as tipping paper, shaped paper insert, mouthpiece plug, solid filter element, or free-flow filter element. The reagent can be part of or coated on paper such as tipping or filter paper or incorporated in non-paper filter elements formed from fibrous materials such as cellulose acetate or polypropylene fibers.

Abstract: A process, and product which uses the process, for reducing tar and nicotine in cigarettes, whereby a novel emulsified complex of Sterotex/permanganate is incorporated into a cigarette. The complex displays a synergistic reaction having a dose response relationship permitting linear adjustment to reduce more than 85% of the tar and nicotine in the mainstream smoke of a cigarette. Chemical analysis of the smoke condensate demonstrates the oxidation of nicotine to nicotinic acid, a B6 vitamin.

Abstract: A description is given of a filter cigarette, whose filtera) contains fibrous filter material,b) contains an additive with an antimutagenic action on the cigarette smoke in a quantity of less than 15 wt. %, based on the fiber weight of the filter andc) on smoking a similar unventilated filter cigarette, but not containing additive, has a nicotine retention R.sub.N (in %) (determined according to CORESTA recommended method No. 9) satisfying the following formula:R.sub.N .gtoreq.100*(1-D)in which:D=exp(A*B+C),withA=21 mm-filter length (mm) for filter lengths.ltoreq.25 mm orA=-4 mm for filter lengths>25 mm,B=9.3*10.sup.-3 (1/mm) andC=-(d.sup.4 *.DELTA.p*K+L)with d=filter diameter (mm),.DELTA.p=draw resistance of filter (mm hydraulic pressure),K=1.0228*10.sup.-6 (1/(mm.sup.4 *mm hydraulic pressure)) andL=0.2334.

Abstract: A smoking article capable of delivering a regulated smoke composition to a smoker, includes: a) a combustible filler wrapped in a combustible sheath; and b) at least one affinity chromatographic filter unit designed to preferentially remove specific targeted components from the smoke disposed within the sheath adjacent the combustible filler. The filter unit includes a mass of silica or resin particles having chemically bonded to their surfaces functional groups which exhibit preferential affinity for the targeted components and which reversibly bind the targeted components to elute components having a lower affinity than a previously bound component.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cigarette paper having a low total filler content, 20% by weight of the paper or less, a proportion of the filler being a filler capable of effecting visible sidestream smoke reduction. The basis weight of tbh paper is about 30 g m.sup.-2 or more.Smoking articles made with such papers provide a synergistic sidestream smoke component reduction when compared with control cigarettes. Papers according to thee invention with the addition of various burn additives are also described.

Abstract: This invention provides cellulose ester fibers having an intermediate degree of substitution per anhydroglucose unit (DS/AGU) along with pigments which act as photooxidation catalysts. The fibers are useful as filter materials for tobacco products. The filter materials thus provided are easily dispersible and biodegradable and do not persist in the environment.

Abstract: A smoking article and its method of construction and operation to provide products of combustion which are used to form flavorable aerosol gases delivered to the smoker's mouth while controlling the composition of such gases of combustion. Hot gases generated in a catalytic section in which fuel and air combust aided by a honeycomb catalytically coated surface including alumina and a cerium compound.

Abstract: There are disclosed filters for tobacco combustion products that, when employed in conjunction with exposure to tobacco smoke, inhibit the accumulation of AGEs and AGE-like tobacco- and tobacco smoke-derived adducts in individuals exposed to tobacco smoke. There is further disclosed a use of ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof for the preparation of filters to inhibit the accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and AGE-like tobacco- and tobacco smoke-derived adducts in individuals exposed to tobacco smoke.

Abstract: This invention refers to a method of withholding noxious compounds contained in cigarette smoke (NO, NOx, carcinogenic nitrosocompounds, free radicals, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, CO, aldehydes, and trace elements) which were up to today insufficiently retained by conventional cigarette filters. The method described specifically refers to the enrichment of common convention filters with biological substances of the metal ions (Fe.sup.2+, Cu.sup.2+, Mg.sup.2+) complexed with porphirin ring as well as Fe.sup.2+ ions stereospecifically bound to protein molecules, either separately or in combinations. The enrichment of these conventional filters with the abovementioned biological substances alters neither the physical properties of the cigarette smoke (odor, taste and appearance) nor the physical properties of the filter itself.

Abstract: Cigarette filters are disclosed which comprise entangled continuous filaments of lyocell. The filaments may be entangled for example by hydroentangling a web which comprises one or more layers of lyocell filaments in spread tow form or by directing radial or circumferential water jets at a tow of lyocell filaments in rod form.

Abstract: A composition for inclusion within a cigarette, cigar or pipe. The composition can be included within the tobacco itself, a filter for filtering tobacco smoke once burned or even within the paper or wrapper surrounding the tobacco product. The composition is capable of reducing free radical damage to the oro-pharyngeal cavity, respiratory tract and lungs resulting from tobacco smoke. The composition includes L-glutathione and a source of selenium such as selenomethionine.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for denitrifying tobacco materials and removing barium from tobacco materials, comprising mixing an aqueous-immiscible organic solvent containing a crown ether with an aqueous solution containing soluble components from tobacco materials, agitating this mixture, and separating the organic phase containing a crown ether-cation-nitrate (or nitrite) complex from the aqueous phase containing the denitrified tobacco materials, wherein the cation consists essentially of barium and potassium. There is further disclosed a process for eliminating tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) from cured, denitrified tobacco material, comprising contacting the denitrified tobacco material with a trapping sink, wherein the trapping sink comprises a select transition metal complex which is readily nitrosated to form a nitrosyl complex with little kinetic or thermodynamic hindrance.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter comprising a porous substrate having a humectant, such as sodium pyroglutamate, dispersed therein to absorb moisture from the tobacco smoke thereby wet-filtering the tobacco smoke. The tobacco smoke filter can also comprise a porous substrate having microcapsules dispersed therein. The microcapsules can comprise a humectant such as sodium pyroglutamate. The microcapsules further preferably comprise one or more of methylcellulose, chlorophyllin and at least one vegetable oil. The tobacco smoke filter can also comprise a porous substrate having dry water and a porphyrin dispersed therein. The tobacco smoke filter can also comprise a porous substrate having a copper-containing porphyrin dispersed therein.

Abstract: A disposable filter attachment for smoking articles, such as cigarettes, comprises first and second filter segments and an insertion tube at one end thereof for receiving and supporting a conventional filtered or unfiltered cigarette to be smoked. The first filter segment contains a carbonaceous material for removing gas phase components of the mainstream cigarette smoke. The total pressure drop across the filter attachment is very low, e.g., less than about 15 mm of water at 17.5 cc/sec air flow and preferably in the range of about 3 mm to about 12 mm of water at 17.5 cc/sec air flow.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for counteracting smoke malodour wherein enclosed air spaces wherein smoke maladour is present, or substrates on which smoke malodour has deposited are brought in contact with one or more perfumery aldehydes of the class I according to general structure, wherein R1 and R2 each may be: hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl or alkoxy, or together may be methylenedioxy or with a perfume containing such aldehydes. Preferably the perfume also contains one or more perfumery aldehydes of class according to general structure, wherein R1 is a phenyl ring optionally substituted with an alkyl group, R2 represents hydrogen or both R2 taken together represent a double bond, and R3 is hydrogen or an alkyl chain with 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The smoke malodour counteracting perfumes preferably contain at least 3.5% w/w of class I aldehydes and at least 10% w/w of class II aldehydes.

Abstract: tobacco filled smoking article adopted to produce less toxic substances such as carbon monoxide in the combustion gases, adding solid inert, stable non polluting catalysts in or near the tobacco, causing substantial catalytic reduction of carbon monoxide in the combustion gases.

Abstract: A filter for a smoking article incorporating particles coated with platinum selectively reduces the amount of volatiles of mainstream smoking article smoke passing through the filter. The platinum may be a continuous or discontinuous coating, usually on a coating of another metal, and this coating(s) will usually encapsulate the particle substrate. This substrate may be low activity activated carbon.

Abstract: A blend of cellulose acetate and starch acetate used to make fibers, filaments, yarns, fabrics, plastic materials and other uses is disclosed. Additionally, the invention relates to the process of making said blend; cigarette filters made from tow composed of said blend; cigarettes made with filters made from tow of said blend as well as acetate flake and other compositions containing said blend.