Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-stage tobacco smoke filtering apparatus which filters both second-hand smoke exhaled by a smoker, and side-stream smoke which is evolved from the burning tip of a cigar or cigarette. The apparatus includes an enclosure which surrounds a smoking product and which fits into a base having a filter assembly. A catalytic converter surrounds the smoking product within the enclosure The filters inside the assembly may include a condensation filter, a smoke-absorbing filter, a desiccating filter, a bacteriostatic filter, and a deodorizing filter. Two concentrically disposed smoke conduits provide passage for smoke to be inhaled by the user, and then exhaled back into the enclosure, where the smoke is dried, filtered, and catalytically decontaminated.

Abstract: The instant invention is directd to the removal of nicotine from tobacco smoke by the use of compounds containing a metal with a valence of +2.

Abstract: An improved technique is provided for the expeditious formation of a supported catalyst suitable for use in a vapor phase chemical reaction wherein the catalyst is provided as discrete particles. The support need not be capable of withstanding a highly elevated temperature, and may simply be paper or any other readily available material. A layer of deformable adhesive (preferably an organic adhesive) is provided as a liquid or paste on the surface of the support. Particles of a preformed activated catalyst are dispersed on the outer surface of the adhesive so that only a minor portion of the surfaces of the particles is embedded therein. Next the adhesive is solidified under appropriate conditions while maintaining the exposure of a major portion of the surfaces of the solid preformed catalytic particles to the atmosphere. Throughout the formation process the catalytic activity of the exposed surfaces of the catalytic particles remains substantially unaltered.

Abstract: A smoking article comprising tubular support means to carry a supply of smoking material therein and to provide first and second ends thereof, said first end being located for ignition and said second end being directed towards filter means attached to said tubular support, said filter means including a transversely extending barrier located in a collection zone and on which particulate matter in the smoke from the smoking material is deposited when said second end is ignited and smoke is drawn through the smoking material to the filter means, and heating means for raising the temperature of said collection zone above that which would exist in the absence of said temperature raising means to raise the temperature of said smoke from said smoking material entering said zone and particulate material deposited on said transversely extending barrier, to release semi-volatile compounds therefrom.

Abstract: An improved carbonaceous heat source suitable for use in a smoking article is provided. The heat source is formed by mixing a carbon component, a catalytic precursor and a binder, forming the mixture into a shape, and supplying heat to the mixture. Upon combustion of the heat source, the catalytic precursor forms a catalyst that converts carbon monoxide produced during combustion of the heat source into a benign substance.

Abstract: An improved tobacco smoke filter which retains a majority of the tar and nicotine and noxious gases from tobacco smoke. The filter is composed of fibrous filaments having equal quantities of two organic acids or salts of organic acids or polyhydric alcohols dispersed throughout the fibrous filaments.

Abstract: The sidestream smoke associated with a cigarette or cigarette-like smoking article is reduced by wrapping the tobacco in a paper wrapper having a burn modifier, such as an acidic salt, added thereto. Preferably the paper wrapper has a high basis weight and low porosity.

Abstract: A wrapper for a smoking article which, when wrapped about a tobacco column, provides improved sidestream smoke reduction, improved ash formation, and acceptable mainstream smoke taste and sidestream smoke odor subjectives. These objectives are attained by forming a single cellulosic sheet containing a filler comprising basic magnesium carbonate and, where desired, a co-filler of calcium carbonate. In addition, the sheet may be treated with a burning chemical such as alkali metal salts of organic carboxylic acids, and compatible acids.

Abstract: A cigarette comprises a blend of tobacco materials and a filter element provided from a non-woven thermoplastic material. The non-woven material comprises polyester or polypropylene fibers. The non-woven material is in intimate contact with a water soluble tobacco extract and a further material for altering the character of mainstream smoke which passes through the filter element. The tobacco extract can be a spray dried extract which has been subjected to heat treatment. The further material can be an acid (e.g., levulinic acid), a base (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or a salt (e.g., diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate).

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for absorbing nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke. It includes a base made of acetate, cellulose and acetate-cellulose fibers. The base is impregnated with an absorbing agent, and the absorbing agent may include a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands. A method for impregnating the base of the filter with the absorbing agent comprises immersing the base in an aqueous suspension of a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands and then drying it; or, treating the base with an aqueous solution of a thiol-containing low-molecular ligand, treating the resulting compound with an aqueous solution of ferrous salts and then drying the resulting compound. A composition for absorbing nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide from smoke comprises a complex compound of ferrous iron and thiol-containing low-molecular ligands.

Abstract: A cigarette includes a longitudinally segmented filter element. The filter element includes a segment including at least one organic acid such that greater than 30 weight percent of that segment is organic acid. The cigarette, when smoked, yields tobacco smoke which is not overly harsh.

Abstract: Cigarettes have filter elements which have a relatively low efficiency for filtering particulate matter of tobacco smoke and a relatively high pressure drop. Such filter elements are provided by shredding, gathering or pleating a sheet-like web of a paper which has a low air permeability and exhibits a pH above about 9. The paper used to provide the filter material of the filter elements incorporates a magnesium hydroxide filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel, highly efficient tobacco smoke filter provided with mechanically (fibrous) and/or adsorptively filtering materials as well as chemosorptively filtering components, which comprises a synergistic composition containing at least one of a compound having a high nucleophilic additivity, capable of chemically reacting and stable adduct forming with excited and ground-level aldehydes not filtered out by the mechanically and/or adsorptively filtering materials; and at least one of a compound containing ##STR1## enediol structural moieties, wherein the enediol type compound or its combination suitably amount to at least 50% by weight of the other chemosorptive components and 40 to 300% by weight of the adsorptively filtering materials.

Abstract: There is provided a smoking article comprising a heating unit, aerosol generation section in flow communication at a first end thereof with said heating unit, nicotine source in flow communication at a first end thereof with the heating unit, a mixing space with which said aerosol generation section and nicotine source means are in flow communication at or via respective second ends thereof, and a velocity accelerating orifice in flow communication with the mixing space.

Abstract: A method for reducing the amount of carbon monoxide produced in the combustion of carbonaceous fuels. The fuel is coated on at least a portion of its exterior surface with a microporous layer of solid particulate matter which is non-combustible at temperatures in which the carbonaceous fuel combusts. This invention is particularly applicable in the reduction of carbon monoxide in the burning of carbonaceous fuel elements found in currently available "smokeless" cigarettes.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing cigarettes which impose reduced health risks to the smokers thereof. According to this process redried cut rag tobacco is directly sprayed with one or more pre-selected alcohols (or other compounds) which are capable, when the vapors thereof are inhaled by the smoker, of inhibiting or blocking the selective localization of at least one nitrosamine and/or a metabolite thereof in the smoker's tissues, such as those of the epithelial lining of his lungs. An example of such an alcohol is cyclohexanol in an ethyl alcohol soltuion. Other preferred alcohols are 3-methylcyclohexanol, 1-hexanol, 2-octanol and t-butanol. After the alcohol either directly or in a solution (such as a flavorant--SD alcohol-4 solution) has been sprayed on the tobacco, preferably as it tumbles in the cooler cylinder of the mechanized cigarette making line, and allowed to dry, the tobacco is made or machined in a conventional manner into the final cigarette, either filtered or unfiltered.

Abstract: An agent for removing noxious tobacco components is disclosed, which is attached to or sprinkled over sliced tobacco leaves when producing a cigarette. The agent is produced by mixing menthol in the form of crystalline menthol microcapsules, disodium glycrrhizinate, confree particles, perleloxyantoxyn, stearic acid B in the form of particles, maltol, glove-aniline, lecithin, ammonium benzoate, vanillin, calcium carbonate, corn starch and beans in the form of particles.

Abstract: A tobacco smoking article including smoking tobacco held in a container and an alcohol supported by the container. The alcohol has two or more carbon atoms and is capable when the vapor thereof is inhaled by the smoker of inhibiting the selective localization of nitrosamines and metabolites thereof in the smoker's tissues, such as those of the bronchial epithelium. The alcohol is associated with the smoking tobacco such that, when the tobacco is smoked, the vapors of the alcohol are inhaled in the tobacco smoke stream. The alcohol is present in an amount sufficient to inhibit the selective localization but not to produce any toxic side effects in the smoker.

Abstract: Filter element and method for increasing the hardness thereof by contacting filter plug material with effective amounts of (a) a water soluble resin (or copolymer) having available chelate bond-forming chemical groups and (b) a water soluble nontoxic salt, the metal cation of the nontoxic salt forming a chelate bond with the chelate bond-forming chemical groups of said water soluble resin.

Abstract: A process is described for the production of granular algal adsorbents having an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm, wherein an aqueous solvent is added to a mixture of 5 to 90 parts by weight of activated carbon having a particle size not larger than 2 mm and 10 to 95 parts by weight of algal powder composed of Chlorella and/or Spiruline, followed by granulation and drying. Adsorbents made by this process are effective filters for the removal of toxic and odiferous materials in smoke and air and are particularly useful in cigarette filters.

Abstract: A process for producing cigarette filters comprising a compound containing L-ascorbic acid and having the compound added to an adsorptional filter material in a quantity of 5-200% of the amount of said adsorptional filter.

Abstract: Smoking articles comprise a smoking material rod wrapped with a paper wrapper including aluminum hydroxide and an organic acid salt of a group I or II metal. The article exhibits at least 30% reductions in visible sidestream smoke when lit.

Abstract: A filter for tobacco smoke containing a fibrous ion exchange resin and a fibrous ion exchange resin wherein at least a part of the fiber is fibrillated or split for use in making the filter is disclosed. The filter efficiently removes substances harmful to the human body, e.g., ionic, polar, carcinogenic, and mutagenic substances, and nicotine and tar from tobacco smoke.

Abstract: A composition for removal of NO from smoke, effective after storage in the presence of moisture and the volatile components of tobacco, comprising, by weight of the total composition, from about 5% to about 40% of a permanganate selected from the group consisting of NaMnO.sub.4, Ca(MnO.sub.4).sub.2 and mixtures thereof, from about 0.5% to about 6% colloidal silica, from about 40% to about 90% silica gel and from about 4% to about 30% H.sub.2 O, with the silica gel having a granule size of from about 20 to about 100 mesh and an initial pore volume of from about 0.6 cc/g to about 1.4 cc/g. Alumina gel may be used in place of part of the silica gel in order to reduce the temperature of the smoke.

Abstract: A cigarette rod wrapper is cut from a paper web which is preprinted on its outer surface firstly with brand legend (33) and longitudinally spaced registration markings (32), and then on its inner face with a profiled deposit (34) of an additive such as a nicotine component. The registration markings (32) are used both to ensure longitudinal registration of the printed deposit (34), and in the rod making machine to ensure that the tobacco rod is cut at the correct position. The registration marking (32) is covered in use by a tipping wrapper (43) which unites the tobacco rod with a filter element (42).

Abstract: A filter composition is formed from a foamed gypsum combined with fine particulate carbonaceous material such as activated carbon, dried blood and comminuted vegetable matter. The combination of activated carbon with dried blood provides a particularly effective human user filter system. A broad range of filter uses are contemplated such as face masks and cigarette filters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to smoking article wrappers having a non-ionic surfactant added to the wrapper. The non-ionic surfactant is added to the wrapper in an amount sufficient to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide produced upon burning of the wrapper.

Abstract: The sidestream smoke emanated by a smoking article, such as a cigarette, can be significantly reduced by constructing the smoking article with a double wrapper, one of the wrappers having alkali metal salt burning additives in an amount in the range from about 9 to 20% by weight. A commercially feasible reduced sidestream cigarette can be produced according to this invention, having both wrappers made from a low-porosity flax base, with the inner wrapper containing 11% and the outer wrapper 6% potassium citrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filter for use in association with cigarette tobacco, wherein the filter contains, as active component, at least one non-toxic inorganic or organic salt of a compound of the general formula:H--S--X--SO.sub.3 Hin which X is a straight or branched alkylene radical containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and/or cysteine and/or acetylcysteine. The present invention also provides a cigarette and a cigarette holder comprising such a filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a filter for a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon containing smoke. In one embodiment, the filter is used in combination with an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine or in combination with an industrial smoke stack. In this embodiment, the filter includes a filtering material and a PAH-reducing amount of at least one purine. In another embodiment, the filter includes a filtering material of a certain type and a PAH-reducing amount of at least one purine. In a related embodiment, the filter includes a filtering material and a PAH-reducing amount of at least one purine free from tannic acid contamination. In each instance, the purine is distributed on the surface of the filtering material.

Abstract: Non-combustible carbonized cigarette filters are manufactured wherein porous cellulosic material is contacted with a film-forming aqueous solution of an inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal and ammonium silicates, carbonates, hydrophosphites, diphosphites, phosphites, hypophosphates, orthophosphates, diphosphates, triphosphates, polymetaphosphates, peroxymonophosphates, peroxydiphosphates, orthoborates, metaborates, tetraborates and mixtures thereof so that the cellulosic material contains at least about 1%, preferably from about 2% to about 6%, of the salt on a dry weight basis and then pyrolyzing the treated cellulosic material in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of at least about 700.degree. C. to about 900.degree. C., under conditions such that at least about 15%, preferably from about 20% to about 40% of the initial weight of the cellulosic material remains after pyrolysis.

Abstract: This invention relates to an innerliner wrap for a tobacco smoking article comprising a combustible porous sheet of cellulosic fibers and finely pulverized porous carbon particles coated with calcium citrate, and a smoking article comprising a tobacco filler, an innerliner wrap encasing said filler, and an outer wrap over said innerliner wrap, said innerliner wrap comprising a combustible porous sheet of cellulosic fibers and finely pulverized porous carbon particles coated with calcium citrate.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for preparing stabilized interferons and for combining stabilized interferon with cigarettes. Special domains of the interferon molecule are recognized by methods which are described. A means for constructing these domains by recombinant DNA technology is detailed. A method for stabilizing natural interferons is also described. A process for combining the stabilized interferon with cigarettes is presented.The combination of interferons and cigarettes is synergistic, especially because interferon effects are magnified at elevated temperatures and because interferon has a preferential effect on tumor cells, but for other reasons as well. The process is not obvious and will be beneficial to a large segment of mankind; those who use tobacco products.

Abstract: Smokable tobacco compositions having a reduced tendency to produce carbon monoxide and made by including in the composition an alkali-metal salt of a carboxylic acid in the range of from about 6.5 to about 20%. Such additives have been included in smoking compositions in the past, but normally in minor amounts and as burn enhancers. In accordance with the invention increased amounts result in greatly reduced production of undesirable carbon monoxide while not otherwise adversely affecting the tobacco smokable composition. At higher concentrations such additives may retard burn which may be further desirable where fast burning tobacco compositions are employed. Examples of alkali-metal salts include sodium or potassium salts of acids such as carbonic, formic, acetic, propionic, malic, lactic, glycolic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, malonic, and succinic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method according to which a cellulose rod, at least 11 mm in diameter and formed from cellulosic paper made by the wet paper-making process, that has been treated with a binding agent, repeatedly folded along its longitudinal axis and passed through a heated forming die to provide a coherent rod, is treated with an additive and then pyrolyzed by being advanced through a die maintained at a temperature within the range of from about 500.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. in an oxygen-free atmosphere for a total retention time in the die of from about 3 seconds to about 1 minute. The pyrolyzed cellulose rod is then cooled to less than about 250.degree. C. before being removed from the oxygen-free atmosphere. The resulting combustible carbonized rod may be cut to suitable lengths and employed as a filter in tobacco-containing cigarettes or may be used to form a tobacco-free cigarette.

Abstract: Sheet material especially useful in forming wrappers for smokable articles such as cigarettes that results in reduced sidestream smoke. The sheet is formed by applying to a cellulosic web an amount of an alkali metal salt greatly in excess of the amounts of such materials previously used as burn enhancers. The cellulosic material may be flax fiber or other natural cellulosic fibers conventionally used for such wrappers. Examples of salts include the sodium or potassium salts of acids such as carbonic, formic, acetic, propionic, malic, lactic, glycolic, citric, tartaric, fumaric, oxalic, malonic, succinic, nitric, and phosphoric. The composition can be applied by any conventional method such as coating, dipping, impregnating, printing, and the like. For example, at least about 6% by weight of potassium citrate is needed to obtain the benefits of the invention, and preferably an amount in the range of from about 12% to about 16% by weight.

Abstract: A wrapper for smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and the like containing precipitated amorphous magnesium hydroxide gel. Other components of the filler for the wrapper can be either an unreactive grade of magnesium oxide or calcium carbonate. For the most effective reduction in sidestream tar and visible sidestream smoke the basis weight of the paper should be between 30 g/M.sup.2 and 100 g/M.sup.2. The filler should constitute 30% to 60% of the total sheet weight. The precipitated magnesium hydroxide gel should be present to the extent of approximately 5% to 50% by weight of the total filler and preferably between 10% and 25%.

Abstract: There is disclosed a wrapper for smoking articles such as cigarettes, cigars and the like comprising a cellulosic sheet containing a filler of fine grain magnesium hydroxide having an average particle size less than 10 micrometers and unreactive magnesium oxide.This is also disclosed a method for reducing the visible sidestream smoke emanating from a smoking article and solidifying the ash by wrapping the tobacco charge in the smoking article in a combustible cellulosic sheet containing a filler of fine grain magnesium hydroxide having an average particle size less than 10 micrometers and unreactive magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A tobacco smoke filter capable of effectively removing carcinogenic substances from tobacco smoke is presented. This tobacco filter contains an aqueous solution of a compound having a metallic ion or especially ferric ion binding protoporphyrin ring structure, as a removal agent of carcinogenic substances from the tobacco smoke, and a porous carrier therefor.

Abstract: A smoking article such as a cigarette has a rod of smoking material wrapped in a wrapper of which the substantially uniform air permeability due to viscous flow is not more than 3 and preferably not more than 2 Coresta Units and of which the Do/t value is in the range of 0.08 to 0.65 cm sec.sup.-1, preferably 0.15 to 0.25 cm sec.sup.-1. The length of the rod of smoking material may suitably be within a range of 25 to 55 mm. A reduction in sidestream TPM delivery of 40% or more can be obtained.The invention is also concerned with a smoking-article wrapper material which satisfies the above permeability and Do/t value requirements.

Abstract: This invention provides tobacco and non-tobacco smoking compositions which deliver smoke of reduced tar and nicotine content, and with a substantially reduced carbon monoxide content.In one of its embodiments this invention provides smoking preparations which contain a combustible filler, and uniformly dispersed therein a catalyst composition consisting of (a) fine ash, and (b) a transition metal compound.

Abstract: A nitric oxide filtration material or filter, particularly for tobacco smoke, comprises activated carbon, preferably in particulate form, upon which has been absorbed a C-nitroso compound, any substituent group of said compound, other than a nitroso group, being such as to have no critical adverse effect on the integrity of the nitroso group. The compound is preferably an aromatic compound such as nitrosobenzene, 2-nitrosotoluene or 2,4, 6-trimethylnitrosobenzene. Suitably the carbon is coal-based. Advantageously the carbon has been loaded with a metal, such as copper or iron at a loading level in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight on an untreated carbon basis. The loading level of the C-nitroso compound may be in the range of 2% to 15%, preferably 2% to 7% by weight. Such a filter comprising the C-nitroso compound may advantageously also comprise ventilation means.

Abstract: Flavorant composition for tobacco may be produced by heating certain synthesized inorganic ion-exchangeable compound containing zirconium or titanium metal together with tobacco flavorant in organic solvent to adsorb the flavorant to the exchanger. This flavorant composition may be applied advantageously to filter cigarette so as to be added to the portion of filter tip in the form of triple-filter or dual-filter. The flavorant in the flavorant composition having been added to filter tip scarcely volatilizes when it has only been left as it is, however such flavorant may be released readily from the composition by wet smoke passing through the filter tip when smoked, whereby aroma and taste of the flavorant may effectively be produced. The amount of tobacco flavorant capable of producing moderate aroma and taste is far lesser than that of flavorant that has customarily been added to the portion of blended cut tobacco.

Abstract: Catalysts for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, used in smoking product filters, are described. The catalysts are carried upon a support which should be microporous. The catalysts may include mixtures of tin or tin compounds with other catalytic material. The catalysts may involve a Redox mechanism. The catalysts exhibit resistance to deactivation caused by contact with water.

Abstract: A tobacco-smoke filter comprises in admixture or close dispersion a first component which is a ready but weak or weakly retentive adsorbent for vapor-phase constituents, including aldehydes, of tobacco smoke, and a second component comprising amino groups, of which at least 30% are preferably primary groups, and being capable of chemically combining with said constituents to give substantially non-volatile reaction products. Suitably the first component may comprise a porous mineral earth, such as magnesium silicate or silica gel in porous granular form. The second component may comprise an ion-exchange resin or polyethylene imine. The second component may be carried upon a porous particulate material or carried or grafted upon a fibrous material or dispersed in a fibrous material carrying the second material in a dispersed condition. Alternatively, a mixture of granular first and second components may be dispersed in a fibrous or filamentary material or disposed between plugs of such material.