Abstract: An enamel remover, which contains acetone, ethylene carbonate, and a monohydric lower alcohol at a specific ratio, has a notable effect for removing enamel painted on nails and has no stimulant odor in use. In addition, it does not damage nails or skin.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions comprising an acyclic aliphatic hydrofluorocarbon represented by the formula:C.sub.x H.sub.y F.sub.2x+2-ywhere x equals 4, 5 or 6, y equals 1, 2 or 3 with the proviso that when x equals 4, Y equals 2 or 3, and a co-solvent boiling between 200.degree. C.-105.degree. C. that are alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, chlorinated hydrocarbons, optionally containing fluorine, having 1-4 carbons atoms, acetonitrile and nitromethane.

Abstract: A stabilized, environmentally-safe solvent mixture and method for using the mixture are provided. The solvent mixture has an ozone depletion factor of less than 0.08. The mixture includes about 80-96.8%, by volume, chlorobromomethane and about 3.2-20.0%, by volume, of a mixture of stabilizers. The mixture of stabilizers includes nitromethane, 1,2-butylene oxide, and 1,3-dioxolane. The mixture of stabilizer inhibits the decomposition of chlorobromomethane. The solvent mixture is particularly effective for cleaning articles having hydrocarbon-soluble contaminants, especially in a vapor degreaser.

Abstract: An improved method for decontamination of lead contaminated surface coatings utilizing calcium phosphate minerals. The method for decontamination of lead contaminated surface coatings uses solid calcium phosphate material added to the abrasive blasting media prior to the structure being abrasive blasted. After removal of the lead contaminated surface coating by abrasive blasting with the calcium phosphate--abrasive blasting media mixture, the blown down surface coating and calcium phosphate--abrasive blasting media mixture are left in-situ to allow a chemical reaction to occur which renders the lead immobile and biologically nonhazardous. The calcium phosphate can be in one of several forms which are readily available and inexpensive.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the corrosion of metals, in which the metals are treated with anti-corrosion agents, corrosion inhibiting agents or metal treating agents which are composed of or which contain lactobionic acid N-alkylamides and/or lactobionic acid alkylamine amides and/or di-lactobionic acid alkyl diamides, in which the saturated or unsaturated alkyl group bonded to the amide function has a chain length of more than 18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method for cleaning organic residues, particularly inks, from various surfaces. The method involves contacting the surfaces to be cleaned with a composition including n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, at least one ester alcohol, at least one unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, isoparaffin and dibasic ester along with other optional ingredients.

Abstract: A solution and method for cleaning a silicon wafer following a chemical-mechanical polishing process is disclosed. The cleaning solution being 0.1% to 99% by total solution volume of phosphoric acid, 0.1% to 25% by total solution volume of fluoroboric acid, and the balance of the solution, deionized water.

Abstract: Polymer scale removal from vinyl polymerization reactors is effected without the use of polar aprotic solvents or aromatic solvents, by adding to the reactor, a scale removal composition comprising acetone, a most minor amount of a strong base, and a minor amount of a hydroxyl- or amino-functional polar organic solvent. The composition may contain surfactants, chelating or sequestering agents, detergent builders, and the like, and water in amounts of up to about 3 weight percent. Scale removal is efficient and rapid when the scale removing composition is agitated in the reactor at temperatures ranging from about 50.degree. C. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for recovering binder resin from the ink layer of ink ribbon, said method comprising collecting ink ribbon having an ink layer consisting of dye and binder resin, dissolving the ink layer of ink ribbon in a solvent in which dye and binder resin are soluble, freeing the resulting solution of insoluble matter, concentrating the solution, pouring the resulting concentrate into a solvent in which dye is soluble but binder resin is substantially insoluble, thereby precipitating binder resin, and separating and drying precipitates. By concentrating the solution remaining after precipitation of binder resin and drying the concentrate, it is possible to recover dye. Disclosed also herein is an apparatus for recovering dye and binder resin according to said method.

Abstract: The invention discloses a starch graft poly(meth)acrylate blast media which is effective in paint removal. The media is superior to a physical blend of the components (i.e., starch and acrylic polymers) and to either a starch polymer or an acrylic polymer used singly. The hardness of the media is between 65-90 Shore D.

Abstract: A non-corrosive cleaning composition for removing plasma etching residues having a pH from 2 to 6 and comprising: (A) water; (B) at least one selected hydroxylammonium compound; and (C) at least one basic compound; and optionally (D) a chelating stabilizer; and optionally (E) a surfactant.

Abstract: A solution for use in removing the double sided adhesive tape from mouldings used on motor vehicles and the like. The solution comprises (a) 60-97% by weight of kerosene, (b) 2-27% by weight of oil of turpentine, (c) 1-10% by weight of an oil based surface active agent selected from the group consisting of castor oil and linseed oil, and 0-3% weight of a perfume.

Abstract: A method and a composition for removing HMPUR adhesives having isocyanate groups available for reaction are provided. The composition comprises an amine additive capable of reaction with isocyanate groups of the HMPUR adhesives to be removed and a noncurable polyurethane prepolymer which does not react with the isocyanate groups of the HMPUR adhesives.

Abstract: A removing agent being capable of removing silicone film adhering fast to the surface of a pane of vehicles quickly, easily, evenly and completely, and a method for removing silicone film adhering to the surface of a pane completely without any of the removing agent left on the surface are provided. The removing agent comprises water and at least one acidic fluoride selected from the group consisting of an acidic ammonium fluoride and an acidic potassium fluoride wherein an amount of the acidic fluoride is from 0.15 to 15 wt % of the total amount of the agent. The removing agent further includes a powder at need.

Abstract: Insoluble polymer formed during the distillation of N-vinylformamide is removed by contacting the insoluble polymer with an aqueous weakly basis solution in a closed system at elevated temperature. Polymer (up to 50 wt % polymer gel or 5.5 wt % dry polymer in reaction mixture) is treated with an aqueous solution of an amine, alkanolamine or weak inorganic base having a concentration of at least 1 molar. Solvents like alcohols, glycol ethers or amides may be added as a cosolvent in an amount of from 0 to about 85% by weight.

Abstract: A process for recovering organic solvent material from a hydrophilic liquid derived from paint overspray treatment operations in which the solvent-in-water emulsion initially contains 1-50 weight percent of an organic liquid having a boiling point of at least 150.degree. C., a vapor pressure less than 0.5 Torr at 20.degree. C.; and water, and the spent hydrophilic liquid additionally contains paint solid material derived from the paint overspray treatment system in which the recovery process includes the steps of(a) removing the spent hydrophilic liquid or a portion thereof from the paint spray booth;(b) feeding the spent hydrophilic liquid into a reaction vessel, the reaction vessel operating at a pressure less than about 100 mm/Hg and at a temperature sufficient to volatilize the organic liquid component of the hydrophilic liquid; and(c) separating a portion of said volatilized organic liquid from the spent hydrophilic liquid after introduction of the spent hydrophilic liquid into the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, 1,1-dichloroethane and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol, to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: Compositions are disclosed which include 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and a propane, tris(trifluoromethyl)amine, trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride or fluoroethane. The term propane includes compounds of the formula C.sub.3 F.sub.a H.sub.8-a wherein 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.8 as well as cyclic compounds of the formula C.sub.3 F.sub.b H.sub.6-b wherein 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.6. These compositions are useful as refrigerants, cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: A stripping and cleaning composition comprising water, at least one amine compound, and at least one corrosion inhibitor selected from (a) quaternary ammonium silicate and (b) a catechol nucleus-containing oligomer having a molecular weight of about 220 to about 5,000, and optionally a polar organic solvent.

Abstract: Inexpensive paint stripper compositions containing neither chlorinated nor alkaline solvents and well adapted for removing paints such as glycerophtalic, alkyd-urethane or acrylic urethane paints on a variety of substrates, e.g. wood and metal substrates comprise (a) 1 to 99% by volume of an aprotic polar solvent chosen from the group comprising: dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-methylmorpholine, .gamma.-butyrolactone, acetonitrile and mixtures thereof; and (b) 99 to 1% by volume of an ether selected from the family of ethers having a flash point higher than 0.degree. C. a molar volume less than 160 and a molecule that includes one or several methoxy groups.

Abstract: Organic stripping composition for photoresists comprising organic polar solvents and basic amines which includes an inhibitor which forms a coordination complex with a metal.

Abstract: A composition (comprising) an M-rich silicone and a catalyst is useful for de-polymerizing polymerized silicones thereby facilitating the recycle of electrical devices by enabling the removal of silicone coatings thereon.

Abstract: To replace compositions based on CFC or CFHC in applications for cleaning solid surfaces (in particular defluxing), the invention proposes azeotropic or quasi-azeotropic compositions based on 1,1,1,2,2,4,4-heptafluorobutane and a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single phase liquid composition comprising 0.5 to 30 wt % of a benzotrifluoride solvent, about 0.5 to about 50 wt % of a glycol ether cosolvent, up to about 50 wt % of an alkanol, up to about 10 wt % of a surfactant, and the remainder water. The composition is effective in cleaning hard surfaces, stripping paint, and as a carrier.

Abstract: A method is provided, to render non-hazardous, surfaces which are coated with lead-based paints. A composition comprising an aqueous mixture of hydrogen peroxide, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid and acetic acid is poured on the surface and, after a time, water is poured onto the surface to remove the lead-based paint. The method is effective on surfaces which may be comprised of wood, metal, concrete, wallboard or plaster without destroying the integrity of these surfaces.

Abstract: A mixture of a dibasic ester (DBE), an alcohol, and water to remove photoresist from a silicon wafer substrate. Photoresist is effectively removed at ambient temperature with this non-phenolic, non-halogenated stripper solution. Dissolved photoresist is easily separated from the water mixture for disposal.

Abstract: A process for removing contaminating coatings from metal surfaces in which the metal surface to be cleaned is brought into contact with an aqueous alkaline solution containing as an additive 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the aqueous alkaline solution, of at least one compound of the formulaR.sup.1 --O--(CH.sub.2 --CHR.sup.3 --O--).sub.x R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually alkyl of 1 to 15 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl and x is an integer from 1 to 25.

Abstract: Paint applied to a wheel electrostatically in the dry state is removed subsequently from the hub by a method of which the first step is to block the hub from one side with a plate, offered to a first face of the wheel and of shape such that it combines with the substantially cylindrical bore of the hub to create a chamber which remains accessible from the opposite face of the wheel. A jet of air is then generated close to the hub and introduced into the chamber, investing the cylindrical surface directly or indirectly or obliquely and creating a turbulence sufficient to remove the unwanted layer of paint; at the same time, suction is generated at least in the part of the chamber flooded with air, in such a way as to aspirate and recover the particles of paint removed from the hub and held in suspension by the resulting swirl.

Abstract: Solvent assisted alkaline paint stripping can be speeded by using mixtures of (i) glycol and/or oligoglycol monoethers with (ii) unetherified glycols and oligoglycols and/or alkanolamines.

Abstract: A method for cleaning automotive or truck wheel surfaces. A cleaning composition containing an acid fluoride salt and having a pH of about 3 to 6.5 is applied to the automotive or truck wheel surface. The cleaning composition contains soluble salt in an amount which provides the composition with a molar ratio of soluble anion to hydrogen ion of about 3.5 or greater. This protects the wheel surfaces cleaned, including those of untreated aluminum, from corrosive attack by the acid fluoride salt.

Abstract: An improved method for treating over-sprayed, solvent-based paints which comprises adding an effective amount of a chelating agent to the circulating water of a paint spray booth, thereby improving the dispersibillty of solvent-based paints, particularly in high-hardness waters.

Abstract: A method for preparing an environmentally safe composition free of chlorinated solvents which is non-flammable, fully biodegradable, and low odor and the use of such composition for the removal of various coatings from metal substrates. The composition comprises a water-based mixture of one or more high boiling, high flash aromatic solvent(s), a peroxide generating agent, and a hydroxycarboxylic acid. It can be prepared as a liquid and used as such for immersion/dipping operations or as a thick paste "cling type" material when optimal application requires a thin film. These can be applied by spraying or brushing.

Abstract: A first method for cleaning and stripping a surface employs, a high pressure fluid blaster including a rotating nozzle which has a plurality of separate fluid jet orifices. The fluid jet orifices are geometrically configured such that rotation of the nozzle in a single direction, i.e. clockwise, results in the desired metal cleaning or stripping. The plurality of jets are divided into two or more sets, each set having at least one jet therein, with the jets in each set oriented at a different angle from the jets in the other sets. This configuration will produce tubular streams of fluid as the nozzle rotates such that the streams first converge, then intersect, and finally diverge. As the jet streams are applied to a surface after the streams have diverged, they score the surface with concentric circular grooves due to the force of the high pressure fluid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for cleaning bituminous asphalt- and tar-coated equipment, using combinations of alkyl esters with terpene cosolvents and/or surfactants. The specific invention is the use of ester solvents in combination with terpene solvents, optionally with emulsifiers and other additives. The combination of the two is found surprisingly to exhibit the excellent solvency of terpene solvents, but with the slower evaporating rate and higher flashpoint properties of ester solvents.

Abstract: A process for removing soil from a substrate which includes the use of a liquid cleaning composition comprising a solvating agent (for example, a monobasic ester) and a rinsing agent (for example, a perfluorocarbon), the solvating agent having:(i) a room temperature vapor pressure of no greater than about 40 mm Hg; and(ii) a solvating strength of no less than about 10; and the rinsing agent having:(iii) a room temperature vapor pressure of about 8 mm Hg to about 760 mm Hg; and(iv) an ozone depleting factor of no greater than about 0.

Abstract: An azeotropic liquid mixture comprising a first component (isopropyl alcohol) and a second component (water) is charged in the washing tank. A heater and a liquid temperature sensor are used to heat the azeotropic liquid mixture in the washing tank to the azeotropic point of the mixture so as to generate a vapor phase mixture forming a vapor layer. A master mask, which is an article to be cleaned, is exposed to the vapor phase mixture in the vapor layer for washing. The vapor phase mixture used for washing is condensed into a condensate, which is removed out of the washing tank through a condensate pan. The master mask is pulled up out of the vapor layer for water-removing and drying.

Abstract: Organic stripping composition for photoresists comprising organic polar solvents and basic amines which includes an inhibitor which forms a coordination complex with a metal.

Abstract: A method of using water soluble foamed starch for reclaiming paint overspray particles from air includes the steps of passing a stream of air containing paint overspray particles through an air filter assembly having a filtration element. The filtration element consists essentially of water soluble foamed starch. The paint overspray particles are collected on the filtration element. The filtration element containing the collected paint overspray particles is deposited in a vessel containing water. The filtration element is dissolved in the water and an aqueous solution of starch in water is formed. The paint overspray particles are separated from the aqueous solution of starch dissolved in water.

Abstract: Process for cleaning equipment and equipment cleaner for implementing the process.The invention relates to a process for cleaning equipment contaminated with lacquer residues, in which the lacquer residues are removed with a solvent mixture and an equipment cleaner based on a solvent mixture for implementing the process. The solvent mixture containsA) 15-35 wt. % of one or more glycol ethers of the general formula IOH--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O).sub.m --R.sub.1 Iwhere R.sub.1 =C.sub.1-4 -alkyl and m=1 or 2 andB) 65-85 wt. % of one or more aliphatic ketones of the general formula II ##STR1## where R.sub.2=C.sub.1-3 -alkyl and R.sub.3 =C.sub.1-3 -alkyl and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 may be identical or different.

Abstract: A paint gun cleaner includes a spray unit mounted in an enclosure in spaced relation to an opening in the enclosure through which the paint gun to be cleaned is inserted. A ring shaped spray unit combines a solvent dispenser, which may be either a solvent knife generating a curtain of solvent in the central opening of the spray unit or a plurality of nozzles directing solvent onto the paint gun, with an air knife positioned between the solvent dispenser and the enclosure opening. The air knife directs air flow radially and axially inward to prevent escape of solvent, and to recirculate air mixed with solvent around the sides of the spray unit and through the space between the spray unit and enclosure opening to reduce the amount of ambient air which is drawn into and which must be separated from the solvent and dissolved paint before discharge.

Abstract: A cleansing agent, in particular for the cleaning of printing cylinders, rollers, blankets, plates and other parts of printing machines and presses, comprises from 90 to 60% by weight of a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14, preferably C.sub.6 -C.sub.12, more preferably C.sub.6 -C.sub.10, most preferably C.sub.7 -C.sub.9, hydrocarbon ester of a fatty acid of a mixture of such acids and from 10 to 40% by weight of a vegetable oil, based on the total weight of the fatty acid hydrocarbon ester and the vegetable oil in the cleansing agent. Preferably, the content of vegetable oil is about 25% by weight. Preferably, the fatty acid ester component is a 2-ethylhexyl ester of coconut (C.sub.8 -C.sub.14) fatty acid and the vegetable oil is a highly refined deodorized soyabean oil.

Abstract: Liquid solvents having superior cleaning power include at least one polar compound having at least one strongly electronegative oxygen, such as ethylene diacetate, and at least one alicyclic carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate, with or without other additives. The solvents exhibit low toxicity; are nonflammable, pH neutral, essentially nonvolatile, and aprotic; and have other chemical and physical properties that reduce the risk of exposing the user unnecessarily to hazardous conditions. Solvents comprising ethylene carbonate, ethylene diacetate, and, optionally, triethanolamine and/or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone are superior cleaners for a wide range of residues and are environmentally and physiologically safe.

Abstract: A cleaning composition to remove unwanted paint, graffiti or other coatings from a substrate comprises 40-90 wt. % of a five-membered ring lactam, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 10-60 wt. % of a glycerol triester of a C1-C4 saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid. Additionally, up to 25 wt. % of the composition of diethylphthalate, diisopropyl adipate and/or a C1-C4 alkyl lactate may be present. Also a method of cleaning substrates and woven or non-woven tissue impregnated with the cleaning composition has been claimed.

Abstract: Cleaning compositions are disclosed that economically and effectively remove a variety of marking materials from many coated or uncoated substrate surfaces. The compositions contain a terpene compound, a pyrrolidone compound, an emulsifying surfactant, and water, the compositions being in the form of a microemulsion. Also disclosed are methods of cleaning marked surfaces with the microemulsion compositions.

Abstract: A solvent that will remove all types of commercially available water soluble polymers by breaking the covalent bonds within the polymer molecules such that these polymers can then be removed from all surfaces and equipment completely and safely by washing away with water.The solvent consists of (in a 21/2 gallon concentrated solution) 4% of ammonium chloride, 29% of ammonium hydroxide, and 67% water.

Abstract: A process for recovering paint overspray particles includes segregating the paint overspray by color and type, and detackifying, dewatering, drying and particulizing the dried, dewatered, detackified, segregated paint overspray compounds. The resultant compounds is used as paint additive.

Abstract: A process for removing soil from a substrate which includes the use of liquid cleaning composition including a solvating agent (for example, a monobasic ester) and a rinsing agent (for example, a perfluorocarbon), the solvating agent having:(i) a room temperature vapor pressure of no greater than about 40 mm Hg; and(ii) a solvating strength of no less than about 10;and the rinsing agent having:(iii) a room temperature vapor pressure of about 8 mm Hg to about 760 mm Hg; and(iv) an ozone depleting factor of no greater than about 0.

Abstract: An advantageous effective cleaning solvent consisting essentially, according to one embodiment, of methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl alcohol, toluene and n-butyl acetate, in certain ranges of proportions. Water also is included to aid in reducing the vapor pressure of the solvent. The composite vapor pressure of the solvent, at 20.degree. C., neglecting the vapor pressure contribution of water, is not greater than 35 mm of mercury. The invention solvent is particularly effective as a paint cleaner, e.g. for cleaning paint guns.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solvent system and process for cleaning cellulose triacetate polymer camera film. The solvent system comprises n-propyl bromide and an alkyl bromide in which the alkyl group contains 4 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Gas turbine engine coatings must often be removed during engine maintenance and repair. The techniques utilized to accomplish this task, machining, chemical stripping, machining followed by chemical stripping, or grit blasting, frequently result in component damage or destruction. Liquid jet erosion can be utilized to remove seals, coatings, or portions thereof without damaging the engine hardware.