Abstract: This composition for stripping paints coating a substrate, in particular for stripping paints and primers with a high degree of crosslinking, in particular of the epoxy, polyurethane and alkyd type, is characterized in that it consists of or comprises: (A) 50 to 80 parts by weight of water; (B) 20 to 50 parts by weight of benzaldehyde and/or of benzyl alcohol; (C) 5 to 15 parts by weight of at least one activator chosen from formic acid, formic acid totally or partially neutralized with a base, and bases; and (D) 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of at least one thickener, the said thickener necessarily being a thickener of acrylic nature when (B) consists solely of benzyl alcohol, (A)+(B) representing 100 parts by weight.

Abstract: A cleaning and dusting composition, particularly useful as a treatment for dusting implements such as a cloth or feather duster, comprised of a high quality natural wax in an alcohol solution. In the preferred embodiment, a near-saturated solution of lanolin in denatured ethyl alcohol is employed to provide a rapidly drying, non-smear, low residue, and safe dusting treatment composition.

Abstract: A method is provided to render non-hazardous surface soil which is contaminated with lead compounds. The soil is treated by applying an aqueous composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, ammonium hydroxide, nitric acid and acetic acid and allowing said composition to migrate through the soil.

Abstract: Paint is removed from bridges and structures by directing pulsed plasma jets at coatings on surfaces. The repetitively pulsed plasma jets ablate the coatings, and the resulting products are removed by reduced pressure in an enclosure. Plasma jets in an array are moved along a surface, with the jets overlapping. Power is controlled to remove the topcoats and one or more layers of topcoat without damaging an underlying primer coat, or to remove a primer coat to the bare surface. Jets in the array overlap to completely remove the coating. The pulsed plasma jets impact the surfaces directly in front of the plasma jets, and the gases flow outward, carrying ablated materials away from the surfaces. The enclosures have openings near the coated surface for allowing the inflow of ambient air into the reduced pressure enclosure to prevent escape of ablated products from the enclosure. The use of inert gas working fluid reduces formation of undesirable byproducts.

Abstract: A purge concentrate for purging paint spraying and other coating equipment has about 20%-60% by weight water; about 10%-40% by weight of an active solvent; about 10%-50% by weight of a co-solvent; about 1-9% by weight of a penetrant; and about 0.2-2.0% by weight wetting agent. It need not be heated to the curing temperature of heat curing paints and thus purges these paints more effectively.

Abstract: Oil based paint containing lead compounds is removed from a substrate on which it is deposited by application of an aqueous solution thereto. The solution comprises a solvent that does not dissolve the paint and is compatible with water; a film former for retarding evaporation; a viscosity builder to fortify the solution and prevent slumping thereof during application to vertical and overhead horizontal surfaces; an alkaline compound for reacting with the pigment portion of the paint. Advantageously, the solution penetrates the deposited paint, which coagulates and separates from the substrate. Stripping procedures are facilitated, and neutralization of the substrate prior to repainting is avoided. A safe and effective treatment of materials covered with lead-containing paint is carried out in an economical, cost efficient manner.

Abstract: A stripper for removing photoresist or solder masks has a composition of 30-80% by weight of a propylene glycol ether; 10-60% by weight of a pyrrolidone; 0.1-5% by weight of potassium hydroxide; 0.1-10% by weight of a surfactant; 0-20% by weight 1,3-butanediol; 0-10% by weight 2-(2-aminoethoxy) ethanol; and a water content of <1%.

Abstract: A liquid cleaning composition is disclosed that is suitable for cleaning strippable surface. It has an ester solvent with a Hansen solubility parameter in the range of 9.5 to 11 which is present in amount of 3.0% to 7.2% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. There is also a surfactant system in an amount of 3.5% to 7.5% by weight of active material based on the total weight of the composition. The system has a natural soap and a nonionic surfactant; an abrasive in an amount of 0.5% to 4.0% by weight based on total weight of the composition; and at least 70% by weight of water based on total weight of the composition. Methods of using and preparing the composition are also described.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for removal of polymeric coatings from nonporous surfaces are provided. The method comprises the mixing of two stock solutions, a peroxide/acid solution and an alkaline solution, and immediate application to the surface to be stripped of coating. The applied mixture produces a controlled peroxide oxidation reaction causing the coating to become softened-to-release. A further step of washing or blowing with water, air, cornstarch, or plastic media will remove the softened-to-release coating. The two stock solutions are stable to storage and, when in use, are continuously mixed in a volume so as to control reaction rate, pH, corrosivity of the coating remover, and reaction rate with the coating.

Abstract: Various cleaning compositions useful in cleaning oil and carbon residue encrusted metallic surfaces are described. The specific formulations of the present invention may include a variety of non-corrosive and non-hazardous materials which include an aliphatic ether of a propylene glycol and/or an ester thereof, an alkanolamine, an aliphatic fatty acid blend, an alkyl pyrrolidone, water and, in some applications, a mild caustic such as ammonium hydroxide, for example. The various formulations of the present invention combine their ability to dissolve or emulsify a combination of deposits commonly found on auto and aircraft engines and the like. These formulations are most effective in removing or dissolving soils, such as oils, greases, varnishes and like residue from oil, fuel, solvents and other sources.

Abstract: A method of removing metallic compositions, such as abradable rub coatings, environmental coatings, bond coats and braze alloys, from the surface of a cobalt-base substrate, such as turbine shrouds and vanes of gas turbine engines. The method is particularly suited for the removal of nickel-base braze alloys and aluminum-containing coatings, the latter of which includes abradable MCrAlY coatings and environmentally-protective diffusion aluminide coatings. The process generally entails contacting such metallic compositions with an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid and nitric acid and at a solution temperature of about 130.degree. F. to about 180.degree. F. The solution completely removes nickel-base alloys and aluminum-containing compositions from a cobalt-base substrate without removal or damage to the underlying substrate.

Abstract: A toilet cleansing block contains anionic surfactant such as a sulfonate, linear primary alcohol such as Neodol.RTM. 23, and binder such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose. The block erodes very slowly, yet at essentially identical rates in hard or soft water. The block is for use with a dispenser for immersion in toilet tanks or under the rim of a toilet basin.

Abstract: A method for removing hard coatings from an underlying surface is shown and described. In a preferred embodiment, a nozzle having a particular geometry is used in a high-pressure fluid system to produce an ultrahigh-pressure fluid fan jet. The fan jet is traversed across a surface to be cleaned, thereby removing a layer of material without damaging the underlying surface. The effectiveness of the coating removal is improved by selecting an appropriate power distribution for the fan jet, a standoff distance between the fan jet and the surface to be cleaned, the speed with which the fan jet traverses the surface and the length and diameter of a settling chamber existing upstream of the nozzle.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of non-halogenated and non-aromatic cleaning solvents as environmentally safe replacement of perchloroethylene and xylene to remove rosin flux residue formed on electronic circuit device materials during solder interconnection process for assembly of electronic components.

Abstract: The invention provides a solvent mixture including n-propyl bromide, a mixture of low boiling solvents and, preferably, a defluxing and/or ionics removing additive and/or at least one saturated terpene. The invention also provides a method of cleaning an article (e.g., an electrical, plastic, or metal part) in a vapor degreaser using the solvent mixture. The solvent mixture of the invention is non-flammable, non-corrosive, and non-hazardous. In addition, it has a high solvency and a very low ozone depletion potential. Thus, using the solvent mixture of the invention, oil, grease, rosin flux, and other organic material can be readily removed from the article of interest in an environmentally safe manner.

Abstract: This invention provides graffiti removers for removing permanent ink stains from painted surfaces. The graffiti removers include an active solvent for dissolving the stains, which are organic in nature, an optional secondary solvent for concentrated attack on the stain without being adversely affected by dilution with water, an emollient for maintaining a uniform dispersion of particulates in the remover and on the graffiti-stained painted surfaces, and an amorphous, particulate, mildly abrasive filler for imbibing the solvents, the filler being selected to permit the slow release of the active solvent.

Abstract: An aqueous stripping composition comprising a mixture of about 55% to 70% by weight of a polar amine solvent, about 22.5 to 15% by weight of a basic amine, especially hydroxylamine, a corrosion inhibitor and water. The stripping composition is effective for stripping photoresists, residues from plasma process generated organic, metal-organic materials, inorganic salts, oxides, hydroxides or complexes in combination with or exclusive of organic photoresist films at low temperatures.

Abstract: In a water recycle painting system wherein a water paint is spray painted on an object to be painted in a painting booth, and wherein over sprayed paint captured in booth circulating water is condensed and recovered to be mixed with the water paint for reuse, a method for suppressing foams in booth circulating water for effectively suppressing foams in booth circulating water generated when spray painting water paint to thereby maintain a good working environment, the method being characterized in that the booth circulating water includes a silicone antifoamer (A) and a hydrophilic high-boiler (B).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for removing unwanted coating layer at wafer edge by first immersing the wafer edge in a cleaning solution and then immersing in a rinsing solution such as deionized water to remove the residual cleaning solution from the surface of the wafer. The wafer can be dried in a subsequent spin dry process.

Abstract: A (method using a composition) for removing resists and etching residue from substrates containing at least one nucleophilic amine compound having oxidation and reduction potentials, at least one organic solvent, water and, optionally, a chelating agent. The chelating agent is preferred to be included since it provides added stability and activity to the cleaning composition so that the composition has long term effectiveness. If a chelating agent is not present, the composition, while providing for adequate stripping and cleaning upon initial use of the composition following mixing, has only short term stability. In this latter instance, the nucleophilic amine compound and organic solvent components of the composition preferably are maintained separate from each other until it is desired to use the composition. Thereafter, the components are combined. Following use of the composition, the non-used portion of the composition can be disposed of or be reactivated by the addition of a chelating agent.

Abstract: Oil-based paint containing lead compounds, acrylic-based or other latex paint or a combination of paints in which acrylic-based or other latex paint covers an oil-based paint is removed from a substrate on which the paint is deposited by application of an aqueous solution thereto. The solution comprises a solvent that does not dissolve the oil-based paint and is compatible with water; a film former for retarding evaporation; a viscosity builder to fortify the solution and prevent slumping thereof during application to vertical and overhead horizontal surfaces; an alkaline compound for reacting with the pigment portion of the paint. Advantageously, the solution penetrates the deposited paint, which coagulates and separates from the substrate. Stripping procedures are facilitated, and neutralization of the substrate prior to repainting is avoided. A safe and effective treatment of materials covered with lead-containing paint is carried out in an economical, cost efficient manner.

Abstract: A method of producing a semiconductor device, which includes applying a conductive metal film on a semiconductor wafer, applying a photoresist on the conductive metal film, removing the photoresist with a removing agent containing a fluorine compound or at least one basic component selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium hydroxide, an alkanolamine and a mixture of an alkanolamine and a reducing agent, and cleaning the resultant semiconductor device by rinsing with a rinse comprising water and at least one peroxide compound. The method of the present invention can provide a highly accurate wiring circuit without corrosion of the conductive metal film.

Abstract: A mixture of a dibasic ester (DBE), an alcohol, and water to remove photoresist from a silicon wafer substrate. Photoresist is effectively removed at ambient temperature with this non-phenolic, non-halogenated stripper solution. Dissolved photoresist is easily separated from the water mixture for disposal.

Abstract: The invention is a method of preparing a container for recycling where the container is an inorganic substrate having an organic coating. Preparation is removing the organic coating from the inorganic substrate. The method has the steps of preparing an aqueous solution having a peroxy free-radical and applying the aqueous solution to the container and removing the organic coating.

Abstract: A method of removing layers of heat cured paint buildup on supporting hangers is disclosed. The method includes coating support hangers with a layer of a thermally expandable material in a water soluble carrier and thereafter applying a water insoluble coating layer. The thermally expandable material, the carrier and the water insoluble coating are all selected so as to be relatively unaffected by the curing temperatures of the paint line where the hangers are to be used. When an undesirably thick coating of cured paint has built-up on the hangers, it is removed by heating to a temperature sufficient to expand the thermally expandable material thereby cracking the paint layers. Thereafter, the hangers are soaked in a hot aqueous solution to dissolve the carrier layer and remove the cracked, cured paint layers.

Abstract: A process for wet chemically stripping dry, thick film photoresists in semiconductor applications. This process includes contacting the silicon wafer with a stripping solution and agitating the solution. The process may be performed in a strip tank having a chemical stripping solution, and nitrogen or other inert gases may be provided through a pressurized tube to cause bubbling in the solution and to strip the wafer.

Abstract: A stripping and cleaning composition for removing resists and etching residue from substrates containing hydroxylamine and at least one alkanolamine is described. Further, a cleaning composition for removing etching residue from semiconductor substrates containing hydroxylamine, at least one alkanolamine, at least one chelating agent, and water is described. The preferred chelating agent is 1,2-dihydroxybenzene or a derivative thereof. The chelating agent provides added stability and effectiveness to the cleaning composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is an artists' easel which has a pivotally adjustable frame which carries the artists' canvas. A bag retaining assembly attached to the easel frame is adapted for a bag, e.g., a plastic garbage bag, to fit thereover with a apertured splatter panel covering the mouth of the bag. A beater bar inside the bag frame permits the artist to beat the paintbrush on the beater bar while the bag traps the solvent inside. The easel also is adjustable in height, and has provision for a tray, a paper towel holder, and a container holder (e.g., for solvent). Provision for holding the bag in place is provided also.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane and cyclohexane or 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, cyclohexane and acetone to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition that are useful as cleaning agents, displacement drying agents, wipe solvents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids are described.

Abstract: A cleaning method whereby a cleaning liquid used for cleaning in one cleaning stage is mixed after the one cleaning stage with a cleaning liquid used for cleaning in a rear cleaning stage. The flow rate of the one cleaning stage being greater than that of the cleaning liquid used for cleaning in the rear cleaning stage.

Abstract: A method of stripping cured paint from a non-ferrous substrate comprising: a) adding a stripping composition to a strip tank, said stripping composition consisting an alkylphenol-hydroxypolyoxyethlene and triethanolamine; b) immersing said nonferrous substrate in said strip tank containing said stripping composition; and c) heating said stripping composition to 350.degree. F. for approximately 60 minutes, wherein cured paint is removed from said non-ferrous substrate. This method is environmentally safe and will not alter, attack, or stain the non-ferrous substrate.

Abstract: A method of stripping a strippable coating film formed on a substrate from the substrate, which method comprises either (i) spraying a hot water or water vapor at a predetermined temperature onto a strippable coating film having a surface temperature lower than 15.degree. C. for heating, or (ii) spraying a cold water or water vapor at a predetermined temperature onto a strippable coating film having a surface temperature higher than 35.degree. C. for cooling, so that the resulting surface temperature may be controlled in the range of 15 to 35.degree. C. respectively, followed by stripping the resulting strippable coating film respectively.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of water-based cleaning solutions and their use as environmentally safe replacements of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents to remove metal-polymer composite paste residue from screening masks and ancillary equipment, such as, used for screening a conductive metal pattern on a ceramic green sheet in the manufacture of multi-layer ceramic products.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved printable sheet for use in a variety of applications requiring extreme image durability and weather (e.g., water) resistance. The printable sheet of the present invention employs an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sheet comprising a series of polymeric nodes interconnected by fibrils. Images can be applied to this sheet using a variety of means, including pen and ink, electrostatic printing, screen printing, offset printing, etc. These images have proven to be very durable and capable of substantial wear, water exposure, and general abuse. Moreover, the printable sheet of the present invention is capable of being cleaned and reused over and over again once any given image is no longer of interest.

Abstract: A method for treating the surface of a substrate with a surface treatment composition, wherein the surface treatment composition comprises a liquid medium containing a complexing agent as a metal deposition preventive.

Abstract: This cleaning system is designed to automated and minimize or eliminate the excessive amount of manpower associated with other suction processes. It is a combination of paint recovery, and flushing methods in a automated manner. It is designed to minimize the paint lost as a result of color changing of circulation systems, as well as minimize the associated time and solvents used to in the cleaning process. This is accomplished by inserting a first pig into the circ system at the end of a desired painting cycle to push out the paint and propelling the first pig through the system using a solvent. The location of the first pig is then sensed and the first pig collected from the system. A second pig is injected into the system to separate the solvent from a new cycle of paint.

Abstract: Method includes the steps of (1) treating the textile with a predetermined amount of a non-durable sacrificial repellent material before putting the textile in service; (2) cleaning the textile with a mixture of a non-polar solvent and at least one cleaning additive to remove non-polar solvent soluble, insoluble and resistant contaminants from the textile; (3) washing the textile with a mixture of a polar solvent and at least one washing additive to remove polar solvent soluble contaminants from the textile; and (4) maintaining a predetermined amount of a non-durable sacrificial repellent material on the textile. The non-polar solvent may be perchloroethylene or the like, while the cleaning additive is a mixture of a dialkyl ketone, a carboxylic ester and a glycol ether. A second cleaning additive may be used to enhance contaminant removal. The polar solvent used is water, while the washing additive is a blend of surfactants.

Abstract: A method for removing etch residue material in which the removing process is simple, and the metal is prevented from being corroded or damaged. The method for removing etch residue materials and photoresist after carrying out a dry etching includes the steps of preparing a dry chemical by using one or more gas compounds, and removing the etch residue materials by raising the dry chemical above a critical point, wherein the dry chemical comprises carbon dioxide gas and one or more gases selected from a group consisting of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), DMFA (dimethyl formamide), and THF (phentydrone).

Abstract: A process for recovering quantities of carbonyl compound material from spent solvent-in-water emulsions derived from paint overspray treatment and capture systems in which the spent solvent-in-water emulsion is removed from the paint overspray treatment and capture system and fed into a reaction vessel. The reaction vessel employed includes an outer housing defining a reaction chamber and a plurality of mixing blades movably positioned in the reaction chamber. The surface area of the mixing blades are maintained at a temperature sufficient to generate volatilized carbonyl compound. The interior of the reaction vessel is maintained under a vacuum. The spent solvent-in-water emulsion is processed in the reaction vessel for an interval sufficient to generate volatilized carbonyl compound.

Abstract: An alkaline aqueous cleaning composition for cleaning a substrate contaminated with industrial-type soil contaminants contains (i) an aqueous portion and (ii) an active-ingredient portion composed of (A) an alkalinity-providing agent and (B) a surfactant mixture containing (a) an active concentration of an ethoxylated C.sub.12-14 alkanol surfactant having an HLB value at 25.degree. C. of from 8 to 12 and (b) an active concentration of at least one aminocarboxylic acid surfactant of the general formula R--N(H)--R', wherein R is a straight or branched chain aliphatic organic group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms, and R' is a straight or branched chain carboxylic acid having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms. At an active-concentration ratio of surfactant (a) to surfactant (b) of about 2.5:1, the surfactants have a synergistic effect on the cleaning composition's ability to remove certain types of industrial-soil contaminants.

Abstract: In a method for cleaning a first paint remained in a painting apparatus with thinner when said first paint is changed to a second paint, the cleaning time of the first paint is varied in accordance with the difference between a predetermined property of the first paint and that of the second paint. First, a table of a plurality of cleaning patterns according to the predetermined property of paint to be utilized in the painting apparatus is prepared. Next, when the current paint is changed to next paint, the current paint and the next paint are classified into a plurality of classes by the predetermined property, and a cleaning pattern corresponding to the class of the current paint and the class of the next paint is selected from the table. Then, the current paint is cleaned with thinner according to the selected cleaning pattern.

Abstract: A method of removing wall paper which includes the steps of dipping an absorbent fabric into water or a solution of aqueous wall paper remover. Allowing excess solution to drain from the fabric and then placing the fabric in direct contact with the wall paper. The fabric adheres to the wall merely through water cohesion. The fabric is allowed to remain on the wall paper for a period of time to allow the solution to soak into the paper. Once this occurs, the fabric is removed and the paper can be scraped off the wall.

Abstract: Reworkable encapsulant formulations are being developed to allow recovery of part-good microelectronic assemblies. According to this invention, a gelled form of the solvent is useful for removing the reworkable encapsulant from a specific region of the assemblies without affecting components on the assembly which do not need to be reworked. This novel method eliminates expensive tooling that would otherwise be required to handle the solvent.

Abstract: Improvements in the rate of stripping of alkaline water-in-oil emulsions by incorporating in the organic phase thereof an effective amount of pyrrole.

Abstract: Improvements in the rate of stripping of benzyl alcohol containing water-in-oil emulsions by incorporating in the organic phase thereof an effective amount of anisole.

Abstract: Process for cleaning metal machine parts caked with thermoplastic polymers and apparatus for carrying out said process. The process consists in placing the parts caked with polymers inside an autoclave and in striking them with a stream of overheated steam. The stream mixes with the vaporized polymer residues produced by the thermal decomposition and hydrolysis of the polymers that are initially present on the parts and is conveyed outside the autoclave together with the vaporized residues. The stream containing vaporized polymer residues that leaves the autoclave is then subjected to condensation and the pollutants elimination.

Abstract: A method for removing surface coatings from the hull of a ship by focusing annular streams of ultra-high pressure water from a rotating nozzle having one or more orifices. The nozzle orifices have oblique angles from the central axis of the rotating nozzle whereby the force of the water leaving the nozzle through the orifice imparts an opposite rotational force to the rotating nozzle. The placement of the orifices on the rotating nozzle is done in such a manner that the annular streams of water act in concert when striking the working surface to remove the paint. A waste water recovery system collects waste water and particulates of paint stripped from the working surface, the particulates are removed for later disposal and the water is recycled.

Abstract: A system is provided for recycling a water ladened solvent used for purging a paint supply line of a paint sprayer. The purged material including a mixture of water ladened solvent and paint is filtered for separating the water ladened solvent from the paint. The water ladened solvent is collected and then reused for purging the paint supply lines of the paint sprayer.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for removal of polymeric coatings from nonporous surfaces are provided. The method comprises the mixing of two stock solutions, a peroxide/acid solution and an alkaline solution, and immediate application to the surface to be stripped of coating. The applied mixture produces a controlled peroxide oxidation reaction causing the coating to become softened-to-release. A further step of washing or blowing with water, air, cornstarch, or plastic media will remove the softened-to-release coating. The two stock solutions are stable to storage and, when in use, are continuously mixed in a volume so as to control reaction rate, pH, corrosivity of the coating remover, and reaction rate with the coating.

Abstract: An enamel remover, which contains acetone, ethylene carbonate, and a monohydric lower alcohol at a specific ratio, has a notable effect for removing enamel painted on nails and has no stimulant odor in use. In addition, it does not damage nails or skin.