Abstract: A tank includes a container part having an upper wall, a sidewall and a bottom wall to store a processing liquid therein, a liquid discharge passage installed at a position higher than a liquid surface of the processing liquid stored in the container part to discharge the processing liquid into the container part, and a gas discharge passage installed at a position higher than the liquid surface to discharge a gas into the container part. The liquid discharge passage discharges the processing liquid from the liquid discharge port so that the processing liquid is brought into contact with a portion above the liquid surface of an inner surface of the sidewall. The gas discharge passage discharges the gas from the gas discharge port so that the gas is brought into contact with a portion above the liquid surface of an inner surface of the container part.

Abstract: A fuel tank comprises an interior wall, a sump, and a baffle that comprises a center fitting, a full-length containment petal, a partial-length containment petal, a dump tube. The full-length containment petal comprises a full-length side edge, extending radially outward from the center fitting. The partial-length containment petal comprises a partial-length side edge, extending radially outward from the center fitting. The dump tube is connected to the sump. The full-length side edge of the full-length containment petal is longer than the partial-length side edge of the partial-length containment petal. All of the partial-length side edge of the partial-length containment petal is attached to a linear portion of the full-length side edge of the full-length containment petal.

Abstract: An improved power generation system and methods of its operation are provided, wherein the system combines: (i) a wave reformer, (ii) an optional second wave rotor, and (iii) a gas turbine in a flexible range of novel designs. Such a hybrid power generation system can thermally crack or decompose hydrocarbon fuel to produce a high-pressure fuel product, including mainly hydrogen and lead to a higher thermal efficiency than existing engines with low to no direct emission footprint.

Abstract: A liquid behavior suppression device in which the inside of a liquid container is partitioned in a direction orthogonal to the central axis, liquid is held on the bottom side of the liquid container, and a plurality of holes extending in the axial direction are formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backflow prevention device, comprising: an inlet chamber comprising at least two ports, in which a first port is used for receiving a fluid; a chamber-separating component comprising a separating member and a relief valve; an outlet chamber separated from the inlet chamber by the separating member; the relief valve being operatively connected with the separating member for opening or closing a drain port of the outlet chamber; wherein the fluid is allowed to be delivered from the outlet chamber only when the relief valve is closed by means of a differential pressure applied on the separating member. Also provided is a dialysis apparatus comprising the backflow prevention device. According to the present disclosure, the backflow prevention device has simple structure, reduced dead space and small sizes and can work reliably.

Abstract: Embodiments of a compressor cutoff are presented. In an embodiment, the present invention includes apparatus for cutting off the flow of gas/liquid in the event of compressor failure or breakdown. In this embodiment, gas/liquid flows from its source through one or more passageways into a first input chamber, and also through one or more other passageways into a second input chamber, where the first and second input chambers are separated by a stop plunger. During the down-stroke of the compressor's piston, gas/liquid in the first chamber passes (or is drawn) through an inlet valve of the piston bore, and during the up-stroke of the piston that gas/liquid is forced through an outlet valve to a tank or other compressed gas/liquid receptacle. So long as the compressor operates normally, the pressure in the two input chambers (i.e., on each side of the stop plunger) will be substantially equal, thereby keeping the stop plunger in place.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a leaching solution monitoring module comprising a first leaching solution distribution system interface, a flow meter in fluid communication with the first leaching solution distribution system interface, the flow meter in fluid communication a 3-way pressure regulator, and a second leaching solution distribution system interface in fluid communication with the 3-way pressure regulator.

Abstract: An example system includes an array of capacitive elements, a measurement lead, and a ground plane lead. One or more respective capacitive elements of the array of capacitive elements include a dielectric substrate and a corresponding top conductive layer, with each dielectric substrate configured to be positioned between the top conductive layer and a common ground plane. The measurement lead is coupled to the top conductive layer of each of the one or more respective capacitive elements. The ground plane lead is configured to be coupled to the common ground plane. The capacitive elements are structured such that the capacitive elements have varying respective capacitances, and the capacitive elements are arranged positionally within the array of capacitive elements such that a change in total capacitance is indicative of damage to a particular capacitive element at a particular position within the array of capacitive elements.

Abstract: A beverage supply apparatus may include a touch panel for receiving an operation to select a main syrup from among different types of syrups stored in a number of syrup tank that is diluted with water or carbonated water to form a main beverage and for receiving an operation to select a topping syrup that is added to the main beverage as a flavor. The beverage supply apparatus also may include a nozzle in which the main beverage is produced by mixing water or carbonated water with the main syrup in a predetermined ratio and then the undiluted topping syrup is mixed with the main beverage to produce a beverage.

Abstract: A casting method and cast manifold are provided. The method allows configuring conduits, such as conduits in a fuel feed boss and/or a base rocket, which are part of the manifold for removing a ceramic core from the cast without forming extraneous holes in the body of the manifold. Absence of such extraneous holes in turn allows eliminating sealing plugs and welds, which otherwise would be needed for sealing the extraneous holes.

Abstract: A liquid level detection device for a liquid supplying facility includes: a lower pipe which is in communication with a liquid-phase section of an interior space of a tank, the liquid-phase section being occupied by a liquid; an upper pipe which is in communication with a gas-phase section of the interior space of the tank, the gas-phase section being disposed above the liquid-phase section and occupied by a high-pressure gas; a differential pressure gauge for detecting a differential pressure between the lower pipe and the upper pipe; and a liquid level calculation part for calculating a liquid level of the tank on the basis of a differential pressure detection result of the differential pressure gauge. An inside of the upper pipe is filled with a filling liquid at least in a partial range.

Abstract: Embodiments of a compressor cutoff are presented. In an embodiment, the present invention includes apparatus for cutting off the flow of gas/liquid in the event of compressor failure or breakdown. In this embodiment, gas/liquid flows from its source through one or more passageways into a first input chamber, and also through one or more other passageways into a second input chamber, where the first and second input chambers are separated by a stop plunger. During the down-stroke of the compressor's piston, gas/liquid in the first chamber passes (or is drawn) through an inlet valve of the piston bore, and during the up-stroke of the piston that gas/liquid is forced through an outlet valve to a tank or other compressed gas/liquid receptacle. So long as the compressor operates normally, the pressure in the two input chambers (i.e., on each side of the stop plunger) will be substantially equal, thereby keeping the stop plunger in place.

Abstract: An example system includes an array of capacitive elements, a measurement lead, and a ground plane lead. One or more respective capacitive elements of the array of capacitive elements include a dielectric substrate and a corresponding top conductive layer, with each dielectric substrate configured to be positioned between the top conductive layer and a common ground plane. The measurement lead is coupled to the top conductive layer of each of the one or more respective capacitive elements. The ground plane lead is configured to be coupled to the common ground plane. The capacitive elements are structured such that the capacitive elements have varying respective capacitances, and the capacitive elements are arranged positionally within the array of capacitive elements such that a change in total capacitance is indicative of damage to a particular capacitive element at a particular position within the array of capacitive elements.

Abstract: A gas injection device for injecting an expulsion gas into a tank for a liquid. The gas injection device comprises an inlet pipe for receiving the gas and a distributor portion for releasing the gas through a plurality of capillary passages. The inlet pipe has a first end configured to be connected to a gas supply line and a second end located within a chamber in the distributor portion. The capillary passages respectively extend in a direction adapted to a periphery of the chamber. A tank for a liquid is provided, the tank comprising a gas injection device. A spacecraft is provided comprising such a tank.

Abstract: A beverage supplying device includes a touch panel for receiving an operation for selecting a main syrup constituting a main beverage, and a topping syrup added as flavoring to the main beverage. The device further includes a second syrup solenoid valve for opening and closing a passage for supplying the topping syrup that is stored under pressure in a syrup tank and a second syrup pump for intermittently supplying the topping syrup while the second syrup solenoid valve is open, the second syrup pump being provided to the passage for supplying the topping syrup between the syrup tank and the second syrup solenoid valve. The device further includes a nozzle for producing the main beverage by mixing the main syrup with water or carbonated water at a prescribed ratio, and producing a beverage by mixing the topping syrup with the main beverage without diluting the topping syrup.

Abstract: A remote fueling station for an above ground fuel storage tank has a fuel pump for dispensing a pressurize flow of fuel from the fuel tank to a dispenser nozzle. A lockable enclosure is supported on the fuel tank in fixed relation thereto by a threaded connection at an intermediate location along a rigid supply pipe connected between the fuel pump and the fuel tank. The enclosure includes a fuel pump compartment receiving the fuel pump therein and a battery compartment for receiving a battery of the fuel pump therein which is separate from the fuel pump compartment so that the battery is isolated from the fuel pump. A dispenser nozzle and an activation switch of the fuel pump can also be received within the enclosure so as to restrict access thereto by unauthorized persons. A solar panel is supported above the enclosure for recharging the battery.

Abstract: A fluid handling system for supplying a working fluid to a fluid flow instrument is disclosed. The system includes a controller configured to receive sensor signals indicative of a deformation of a flexible barrier located between a control fluid volume containing a control fluid and a working fluid volume containing the working fluid. Based on the sensor signals, the controller may send signals to control the operation of a working fluid flow generator in order to regulate or control the fluid characteristic of the working fluid being provided to the fluid flow instrument.

Abstract: A lubrication system comprises a lubricant reservoir, a motorized pump, a follower plate, a stationary rod, a movable sleeve, and a flexible connection. The motorized pump is disposed to pump fluid from the lubricant reservoir to lubricant work lines. The follower plate is situated within the lubricant reservoir. The stationary rod has a colored indicator portion. The movable sleeve disposed concentrically about the stationary rod. The flexible connection extends between the follower plate and the stationary colored rod, such that the flexible connection pulls the movable sleeve away from the stationary rod to reveal the colored indicator portion as the follower plate drops towards a bottom of the lubricant reservoir.

Abstract: A biased normally open check valve assembly for facilitating Multiair® engine start-up after extended periods of non-use. The check valve is biased in an open position and allows for the ventilation of air out of the system so that the engine can start. The check valve also comprises a metering groove in a valve seat. The metering groove is configured to allow a controlled flow of hydraulic fluid through the check valve when the check valve is in a closed position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting and removing air from a syringe containing a volume of liquid and a volume of gas is described. The method includes moving a piston in the syringe to expel gas through an orifice of the syringe, sensing a movement of the piston in the syringe, and determining when the volume of gas is expelled from the syringe based on a change in the sensed movement. Moving the piston may include applying oscillating force to the piston using an electromagnetic actuator, and displacement and speed of the piston during each oscillation may be sensed. Determining when the volume of gas is expelled may be based on a change in the sensed movement of the piston during one or more oscillations of the piston or based on a comparison to a given reference value.

Abstract: A method and chemical delivery system are provided. The method includes providing a vapor phase of a multi-component liquid source. The method further includes contacting a pre-loaded carrier gas with the vapor phase, wherein the pre-loaded carrier gas includes a carrier gas and at least one component of the multi-component liquid source and delivering a gas stream comprising at least one component of the liquid source to a critical process or application, wherein the amount of the component in the carrier gas is sufficient to keep the ratio of components in the multi-component liquid source relatively constant. The chemical delivery system includes a multi-component liquid source having a vapor phase.

Abstract: A system and methods for reducing pressure in an enclosed volume is disclosed. A first quantity of steam is inserted into a condensation chamber, and the first quantity of steam is substantially condensed in the condensation chamber. A first quantity of air is extracted from an enclosed volume into the condensation chamber.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a pressure control assembly includes a cylindrical hollow body having an opening to receive a ballast gas, a first and second flange, and a first and second cone. The first flange is coupled to a first end of the body, and a second flange is coupled to an opposing end of the body. The first cone is coupled to the first flange, and the second cone is coupled to the second flange. A method for controlling pressure in a chamber includes measuring a pressure of the chamber and a pressure of an exhaust system coupled to the chamber. The method includes dynamically adjusting the pressure in the exhaust system in order to adjust the pressure in the chamber, by creating a first pressure drop that is greater than a second pressure drop in the exhaust system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus with a closed housing, as well as isolation and manufacture method thereof. The apparatus is arranged in a first medium during operating, and the inside of the apparatus is filled with a second medium the pressure of which is higher than the pressure of the first medium. By means of the apparatus with the closed housing and the isolation and manufacture method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one of the following objects may be achieved: achieving sufficient sealing with relatively low cost, improving the performance and/or lifetime of the devices contained in the apparatus, and facilitate the maintaining and replacing of the apparatus and the devices contained therein.

Abstract: A hydrogen supply apparatus of the fuel cell system includes a hydrogen tank and a pressure discharge line. The hydrogen tank is configured to store high-pressure hydrogen. A hydrogen supply line connected with a stack is disposed in the hydrogen tank. A pressure control valve configured to control hydrogen pressure of an anode of the stack is disposed in the hydrogen supply line. The pressure discharge line has a pressure relief valve and is disposed at the anode of the stack and a path connected thereto. The pressure discharge line is connected to an air supply line of the stack.

Abstract: A method for treating and disposal of fluid fine tailings utilizes two stages of thickening prior to disposal of the thickened tailings. The fluid fine tailings are adjusted to a sand-to-fines ratio of 0.5 to 1.3 using hydrocyclones or centrifuges in required. In a first stage of thickening a first flocculant is added to the fluid fine tailings which are fed to one or more conventional thickeners to produce a pumpable thickened tailings underflow having a solids content of between about 20 wt % to 40 wt %. The pumpable thickened tailings underflow is centrifugally pumped through a pipeline towards a disposal area. Adjacent the disposal area a second flocculant is added to the pumpable tailings underflow in a second stage of thickening to flocculate the tailings sufficient to produce a secondary thickened tailings underflow which when deposited has a solids content of about 50 wt % or higher at least one day after disposal.

Abstract: To provide a nitrogen enriched air (NEA) supply system which easily maintains low the concentration of oxygen within a tank before fueling. In the present invention, a subsidiary pipe 20b that directly supplies NEA to a spill-back pipe 23 is provided. In a descent phase of an aircraft, the NEA is supplied to a second fuel tank 17 from the subsidiary pipe 20b. When the second fuel tank 17 is fueled after landing, the stored NEA is pushed out into a first fuel tank 15 through the spill-back pipe 23 by fuel F. Thus, the concentration of oxygen within the first fuel tank 15 can be also maintained low. Accordingly, it is possible to cut out the need for supplying the NEA before fueling, and thereby fuel the fuel tank while avoiding fuel explosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to the automatic reloading of the gas space of a hydropneumatic accumulator. A means (20) for readjusting the load of the gas space (13) comprising a pressurized gas source (22) connected via an air system (24) to a loading valve (17) and a reinjection valve (26) controlled by a unit (27) for calculating a cycle for reinjecting gas into the gas space.

Abstract: A device for use with a container containing liquid and having an opening for the consecutive consumption of the liquid and of smoke that has been drawn into the container. The device comprises a body, a combustion receptacle, and a tubular structure. An inlet end of the body engages the container, and an outlet end can be placed at the mouth of a user. The tubular structure connects the combustion receptacle with the interior of the liquid container. When smoking material is combusted and the container is inverted, outflow of liquid from the container through the body, in most instances into a user's mouth, creates negative pressure within the container, drawing in smoke from the combustion receptacle. Once most or all of the liquid has flowed out of the container, the user may then inhale the smoke in the container through the body.

Abstract: A system for controlling a starter for starting a power source includes an air starter relay valve fluidly connected between an air tank and the starter. The air starter relay valve is configured to control an amount of air supplied to the starter from the air tank. The system also includes a control device connected to the air starter relay valve and configured to control the air starter relay valve. The system further includes a fuel valve interlock fluidly connected to a source of fuel via a fuel line. The fuel valve interlock is configured to open based on a pressure in the fuel line and configured to send a signal to the control device for controlling the air starter relay valve when the fuel valve interlock is opened.

Abstract: A flow back recovery system for wells includes a plurality of pressure vessels with baffles and outlets for separating the various components of the flow back fluid. A diffuser is positioned between the well head and the first pressure vessel. The diffuser includes an interior diffuser pipe having a plurality of baffles and outlets. The diffuser pipe may be easily replaced in the field should it wear out due to the abrasive nature of the flow back fluid.

Abstract: A grease pump unit has a metering valve 37 and a grease supplying device 50 in which a suction tube 16 on a pump device 11 extends through a follower plate 19 in a grease can 100, grease in the grease can 100 being sucked through the suction tube 16 and discharged through a discharge port 17 by activation of the pump device 11. Provided are a bubble dividing device 32 which supplies the grease discharged through the discharge port 17 through an supply pipe 24 to micronize bubbles in the grease and which supplies the grease through a supply pipe 36 to the metering valve 37, and a return pipe 47 which returns a portion of the grease not discharged through the metering valve 37 into the grease can 100 via the follower plate 19.

Abstract: A demisable fuel supply system for a satellite includes a pressurized aluminum alloy tank with an aluminum alloy propellant management device therein. The propellant management device (PMD) can have any capillary action surface tension fluid transport features known in the art. Selected inner surfaces of the tank and the PMD are covered with a plasma powder sprayed titanium based coating to guarantee propellant wettability and corrosion resistance of the fuel supply system.

Abstract: A metabolite monitoring system comprising a microdialysis probe including a semi-permeable membrane and a probe flow path passing from an inlet through a sensing volume adjacent to said semi-permeable membrane to an outlet, a fluid delivery device for delivering dialysate to said inlet; and a metabolite monitoring system associated with said outlet for monitoring a concentration of at least one metabolite in said dialysate from said microdialysis probe, wherein said fluid delivery device is configured to deliver a pulsed flow of said dialysate to said inlet.

Abstract: A liquid container (1) for holding a liquid (2) of a motor vehicle, having a front wall (4) arranged in the direction of travel of the vehicle and a rear wall (6) opposed thereto and an upper wall (8). To reduce sloshing noises generated by having a wave forming in the liquid container (1) due to acceleration, at least one compensating tube (24) is provided, having a first opening (27), a connecting portion (26) and a second opening (28). The first opening (27) arranged proximate the front wall (4), and the second opening (28) arranged proximate the rear wall (6). The connecting portion (26) fluidly couples the first and second openings (27 and 28).

Abstract: A demisable fuel supply system for a satellite includes a pressurized aluminum alloy tank with an aluminum alloy propellant management device therein. The propellant management device (PMD) can have any capillary action surface tension fluid transport features known in the art. Selected inner surfaces of the tank and the PMD are covered with a titanium based coating to guarantee propellant wettability and corrosion resistance of the fuel supply system.

Abstract: Provided is a gas supply apparatus having a source gas supply system configured to supply a source gas to a processing container using a carrier gas, wherein the source gas is generated from a liquid raw material consisting of an organic metal material. The gas supply apparatus includes a raw material storage tank configured to store the liquid raw material therein; a gas supply portion installed to the raw material storage tank and connected to a carrier gas passage, wherein the carrier gas passage allows the carrier gas to flow; a gas outflow portion installed to the raw material storage tank and connected to a source gas passage, wherein the source gas passage allows the source gas to flow; and a baffle plate configured to prevent the carrier gas injected from the gas supply portion from being brought into direct contact with a liquid surface of the raw material.

Abstract: The present subject matter is generally directed to fuel systems for a gas turbine and related methods for monitoring fluid separation in the fuel systems. More particularly, the systems and methods include measuring pressure differentials and comparing the measurements to a predetermined value.

Abstract: An apparatus for recirculating fuel vapors in a vehicle. The apparatus includes a filler head connected to a fuel vapor conduit and a tubular aspirator located within the filler head. The aspirator has at least one orifice in its side wall so that when fuel flows through the aspirator when the vehicle is refueled, a low pressure area that draws fuel vapors through the orifice and into the fuel flow within the aspirator is created.

Abstract: A coupling has a housing which defines, at least in part, a nozzle chamber. The nozzle chamber forms, a valve chamber, an intake chamber, and an outlet chamber. The housing also forms a vacuum chamber. A main valve is in the valve chamber. The main valve is movable between an open and closed position. A poppet valve is in the outlet chamber. An air outlet opens from the vacuum chamber into the nozzle chamber. An opening of an air uptake conduit opens into the vacuum chamber. The air outlet opening is distinct from the opening of the uptake conduit.

Abstract: A method and a device for decreasing moisture in a gas in a housing interior, in particular in a battery housing interior, include a gas having a lower proportion of water vapor than the gas in the housing interior. The gas having the lower proportion of water vapor is generated by a drying device and introduced into the housing interior. The method and the device further include a gas being discharged out of the housing interior such that the housing interior is at least partially filled with the gas having the lower proportion of water vapor.

Abstract: A fuel system is provided and includes inert gas, fuel and air sources to provide a supply of inert gas, fuel and air, respectively, piping including valves delimiting cavities therein to which the inert gas, fuel and air are supplied such that the inert gas separates the respective cavities containing fuel and air, a pressure control valve disposed on the piping to modulate a pressure of the inert gas supplied to the piping and a controller coupled to the pressure control valve to control an operation thereof in accordance with at least variable pressures of the fuel and air in the respective cavities containing the fuel and the air.

Abstract: A casting (52) for a support housing (50), including: a fuel manifold (56) comprising an a-stage gas gallery (80) and a b-stage gas gallery (82); a-stage and a b-stage rocket bases (60) integrally cast with the fuel manifold (56), the a-stage gas gallery (80) in fluid communication with the a-stage stage rocket bases and the b-stage gas gallery (82) in fluid communication with the b-stage rocket bases; and one oil tube passageway (64) for each fuel rocket base (60), each oil tube passageway (64) spanning from an upstream end (66) of the fuel manifold (56) to an interior (68) of a respective fuel rocket base (60). Each oil tube passageway (64) is disposed radially inward of an inner perimeter (102) of the b-stage gas gallery (82).

Abstract: A fluid handling structure for a lithographic apparatus, the fluid handling structure having, at a boundary of a space configured to contain immersion fluid to a region external to the fluid handling structure: a meniscus pinning feature to resist passage of immersion fluid in a radially outward direction from the space; a gas supply opening at least partly surrounding and radially outward of the meniscus pinning feature; and optionally a gas recovery opening radially outward of the gas supply opening, wherein the gas supply opening, or the gas recovery opening, or both the gas supply opening and the gas recovery opening, has an open area per meter length which has a variation peripherally around the space.

Abstract: A system and method for loading gases or other soluble fuel or catalyst materials into a liquid cavitation medium such as a liquid metal, which may be cavitated under static pressure so as to cause a desired energetic reaction in the dissolved gaseous fuel substance at the cavitation sites. Examples of liquid cavitation media can include liquid metals such as liquid gallium, and examples of dissolved gaseous fuel substances can include deuterium. Sufficiently intense cavitation (for example carried out under high static pressures) may provide energetic reactions in the fuel that release subatomic particles therefrom such as neutrons. The present system and method may be used to load such gaseous fuels into other liquid metal systems, including systems that are non-cavitation-based or that cause cavitation in the liquid by means other than the acoustical drivers described in the preferred embodiments.

Abstract: A portable pumping apparatus for concurrently pumping liquid from a source container to a destination container and pumping vapor from the destination container to the source container comprises a liquid and vapor pump having a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, a vapor inlet and a vapor outlet. There is a selectively controllable actuation mechanism for actuating the liquid and vapor pump to thereby concurrently pump liquid from the liquid and vapor pump through the liquid outlet and vapor into the liquid and vapor pump through the vapor inlet, and concurrently pump vapor from the liquid and vapor pump through the vapor outlet and liquid into the liquid and vapor pump through the liquid inlet.

Abstract: A solder-flux composition is sprayed onto a substrate by rotating the solder-flux composition inside a spray cap, and before the solder-flux liquid exits the spray cap, perturbing the flow thereof with a fluid.

Abstract: A method and a device for recycling compressed gas where the compressed gas used in a compressed gas consumer, particularly a container blow-molding machine, is fed back into a compressed gas generator. In order to increase the recycling volume, the compressed gas from the compressed gas consumer is collected separately and fed back to at least a first and a second pressure range of the pressure generator separately according to pressure stages.

Abstract: An apparatus having flotation ballasts or tanks, a flotation platform having a frame, and on the frame and flotation platform, intake equipment, such as a screen, check valve and/or pump intake and a coupling for a discharge pipe. An embodiment comprises a plurality of substantially symmetrical flotation ballasts, each having a ballast tank forming a chamber with an internal bladder therein, or in lieu of the ballast chamber, at least one exposed bladder coupled to the frame and flotation platform. The method includes the steps of using an apparatus as herein described to ascend and descend intake equipment.

Abstract: An exhaust passage component includes: an inner space used as part of an exhaust passage of a hot water supply apparatus; a drainage passage configured such that if condensed water is produced in the inner space, the condensed water is caused to flow out of the inner space; a first sheet metal member, at least part of which includes a first recess formed by drawing and a plate-like portion formed around the first recess; and a second sheet metal member, at least part of which includes a second recess by drawing and a flange formed around the second recess.