Abstract: A fluid control device includes an inlet configured to be placed directly or indirectly in fluid communication with a bodily fluid source and an outlet configured to be placed in fluid communication with a fluid collection device. The fluid control device has a first state in which a negative pressure differential produced from an external source such as the fluid collection device is applied to the fluid control device to draw an initial volume of bodily fluid from the bodily fluid source, through the inlet, and into a sequestration portion of the fluid control device. The fluid control device has a second state in which (1) the sequestration portion sequesters the initial volume, and (2) the negative pressure differential draws a subsequent volume of bodily fluid, being substantially free of contaminants, from the bodily fluid source, through the fluid control device, and into the fluid collection device.

Abstract: A method for treating an acid gas stream in a sulfur recovery system is provided, the method including providing a motive fluid to an ejector, providing the acid gas stream to the ejector to obtain a mixture, the mixture comprising the motive fluid and the acid gas stream, providing the mixture to a reaction furnace, providing a combustion gas to the reaction furnace, the combustion gas comprising oxygen, and reacting the contents of the reaction furnace. An apparatus for treating an acid gas stream is also provided.

Abstract: A device including an outer hose segment, an inner hose segment, a first air chamber for accommodating a first air flow, a second air chamber for accommodating a second air flow, a drive tool coupler into engagement with a first end portion of the outer hose segment and inner hose segment, a cleaning end section that is configured to allow tools to be attached and detached to and from said device, and a hose coupler into engagement with a second end portion of the outer and inner hose segments, wherein the hose coupler is configured to control the first and second flow of air into the first and second air chambers independently.

Abstract: A cryogen refilling system includes a reservoir assembly for holding cryogen and a delivery channel in fluid communication with the reservoir assembly for delivering cryogen from the reservoir assembly to a microscope cryogen holder. The delivery channel includes at least one control valve. The system also includes a sensor-lid assembly and a controller. The sensor-lid assembly includes a sensor assembly configured to detect a level of cryogen in the microscope cryogen holder. The controller is configured to receive sensor data from the sensor assembly, analyze the sensor data to determine whether the microscope cryogen holder requires refilling, and in response to determining that the microscope cryogen holder requires refilling, cause a valve control mechanism to open the at least one control valve of the delivery channel.

Abstract: A high-purity phosphorus oxychloride safety feed system improves continuity and intelligent control of operation and usage, addresses alarm reporting, takes measures when leakage of high purity phosphorus oxychloride occurs, and solves problem of on-site and remote monitoring and material liquid level monitoring during use. The feeding device is provided with: an automatic tail gas exhaust outlet, a high purity phosphorus oxychloride gas leakage detection alarm, a video surveillance camera, a low liquid level detection alarm, an LED illuminating lamp, and an observation window.

Abstract: Plant for desalinating water of a water supply system, which comprises one or more tanks for accumulating water (2) in an immiscible manner, in order to store a softened supply thereof, provided with a first inlet connection (3) and with a first outlet connection (4) respectively connected to a feeding pipe (5) connected to the water supply system (50) and to an extraction pipe (6) for supplying users. The plant (1) also comprises a filtering unit (10) for water softening, for example obtained with a flow-through condenser (10?) or with a reverse osmosis membrane filter (10?), connected in parallel to the tank (2) with second inlet connection (11) and second outlet connection (12) respectively hydraulically connected to the first inlet connection (3) and to the first outlet connection (4) of the tank (2).

Abstract: A pressure compensator is disclosed for a subsea electric installation, which includes a rigid bottle and a flexible bag placed in the rigid bottle, the pressure compensator including a first opening at a first end of the pressure compensator allowing fluid communication of an insulating medium arranged to intermediate space between the rigid bottle and the flexible bag, a second opening at a second end of the pressure compensator allowing fluid communication of seawater arranged within the flexible bag; and a bypass channel providing fluid communication between two points in the intermediate space of the pressure compensator.

Abstract: A sealed and insulating reservoir contains a pressurized cold fluid in a rigid, sealed enclosure. A fluidtight membrane is positioned to contact the cold fluid contained in the reservoir. An insulating barrier is placed between the fluidtight membrane and the internal surface of the rigid enclosure, with the insulating barrier forming a support surface to support the fluidtight membrane. A pressure balancing device is able to limit the pressure difference between a first sealed volume located inside the fluidtight membrane, and a second sealed volume located outside the fluidtight membrane. The pressure balancing device typically includes a fluid circuit having two chambers sealingly separated by a movable separator. The first chamber is linked to the first sealed volume, and the second chamber is linked to the second sealed volume. The movable separator exerts a loading force in the direction of the second chamber.

Abstract: A valve element in a valve chamber is movable between an OFF position and an ON position to switch a flow quantity of fluid between a large flow quantity and a small flow quantity. The valve chamber has a fluid passage including an outer passage defined between an inner periphery of the valve chamber and an outer periphery of the valve element. The valve chamber has a throttle shape to decrease in inner diameter gradually from upstream toward downstream to decrease a minimum passage area of the fluid passage in a non-linear form. The valve chamber increases a differential pressure across the valve element in a linear form relative to a stroke of the valve element when the valve element moves from the OFF position toward the ON position.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve includes a bonnet threadedly secured to a pressure vessel, a floating device in the pressure vessel, a relief assembly, an actuator secured to the bonnet and communicating with the bonnet, a biasing element put on a stem and biased between a tubular member and a conic member, and a safety valve. The hollow cylinder is slidable in a space defined by the tubular member and a hollow, cylindrical actuating member. The stem is slidably disposed in the tubular member. Pressurized fluid enters a conic opening via an inlet connector, a first channel, a Venturi tube, and a second channel to push the tubular member so as to disengage a latch from a hook to release the pressurized fluid.

Abstract: Diaphragm joint and convolutions, bottom screen diffuser, air stern, cap, and diaphragm restrictor systems for a pressure vessel are disclosed. A convoluted diaphragm divides the vessel into a pair of sealed chambers. The convoluted geometry of the diaphragm minimizes stress on the diaphragm at maximum displacement conditions. An H-ring, with or without being over-molded by the convoluted diaphragm, may be configured to receive end portions of the tank liners. A bottom diffuser, coupled to an inlet of the vessel, diffuses and mixes water flowing into and out of the vessel and drains water out of the vessel. Fiberglass windings surround and lock the tank liners in tension. The cap system includes a valve cap that engages an air stem. An outer cap covers a recess of the vessel and includes a hollow cavity that receives the valve cap. A diaphragm restrictor limits upward movement of the diaphragm within the vessel.

Abstract: A paint supplying pail comprises a paint supplying pail body, a paint supplying pail cover, a quickly detachable rod, a fastening member and a deflecting block. The paint supplying pail body has at least one protruding pole and is covered by the paint supplying pail cover which is provided outwardly with a vertical pole. The quickly detachable rod is rotatably sleeved on the vertical pole, and the fastening member is overlapped on the quickly detachable rod. The fastening member comprises at least one transverse groove which moves transversely to sleeve on the protruding pole, and the quickly detachable rod rotates to lift the fastening member, thereby the transverse groove pressing against the protruding pole. The deflecting block is wedged into an air deflecting pipe of the pant supplying pail cover, and perforated to have a non-through venting passage and two air holes.

Abstract: A device for conveying a liquid reducing agent from a tank to a supply element includes a connecting element for connecting a reducing agent line, a system heating unit and a heat-conducting structure configured to transport heat from the system heating unit to the connecting element. A motor vehicle having the device is also provided.

Abstract: A liquid supply system comprising of a source of liquid, at least one storage (325,326,312) at an elevation, supply pipe line (305) connecting the source of liquid to the said storage, a device to raise/move the liquid from the said source to the said storage, at least one outlet (370, 380) at or below the level of said storage; wherein the said storage is hermetically closed and is capable of holding the liquid under air pressure. The delivery pipeline is connected to the various outlets to supply pressurized liquid to the user after opening of the outlet (s) at any time including the period when the pump is not supplying to the closed storage facility. A one way valve (314) connected to the closed facility is activated by building up of liquid in the intermediary buffer line which creates a low pressure which forces the one way valve to open when the pressure in the system falls below atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid storage device relates to the field of semiconductor manufacturing technology comprising: a liquid storage tank, a liquid intake tube, a liquid discharge tube and a gas discharge tube; the liquid intake tube, the liquid discharge tube and the gas discharge tube are all connected with the liquid storage tank; the liquid storage device also comprises a gas compensating tube connected with the liquid storage tank; the gas compensating tube comprises a differential pressure mechanism and a gas storage tank; one end of the differential pressure mechanism is connected with the liquid storage tank, and the other end is connected with the gas storage tank; the differential pressure mechanism is used for controlling the connection or disconnection between the liquid storage tank and the gas storage tank according to the pressure difference therebetween.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing temperature and pressure of fuel in a fuel tank stored at or near its vapor pressure. In response to fuel feed pressure, a variable ratio of liquid fuel to fuel vapor is extracted from the fuel tank in order to regulate temperature and pressure of the fuel for the purpose of keeping the pressure lower in anticipation of refilling or to assist a vaporizer of the fuel system which is incompletely vaporizing the fuel.

Abstract: A fluid delivery system is described which provides stable flow rates over a range of different flow rates and while multiple fluids are being concurrently delivered. The delivery system includes one or more reservoirs each containing a respective fluid to be transferred. The reservoir(s) are positioned within a secondary fluid selected such that the reservoir(s) and their contents, i.e. the fluids to be transferred, float within the secondary fluid. One end of a flow conduit is submerged in each fluid to be transferred. A pressure differential is then induced in the flow conduit whereby fluid flow therein occurs.

Abstract: A system for applying coatings and more specifically paint coatings is provided that combines fluid stored in separate reservoir containers prior to expelling the mixture for application. The reservoirs may be comprised of collapsible and disposable bags that eject its fluid upon activation of an actuator or expanding bladder. The fluid components are combined and blended together in a mixer that is positioned between the reservoirs and a nozzle.

Abstract: A pressurized fluid delivery system and method that can be used to interrogate objects, such as the interrogation and detonation of IEDs. The system and method entail pressurizing a liquid within a vessel with a compressed gas source so that the liquid within the vessel is at a pressure above atmospheric pressure. The pressurized liquid, the compressed gas, or a mixture thereof is then selectively delivered to an outlet, and then discharged from the outlet to physically interrogate the object.

Abstract: A sample fluid stream in a probe apparatus may be redirected in a redirection area, and a flowing gas sheet may be directed into the redirection area. Additionally, a conduit downstream of a probe nozzle may define a reverse taper (where the conduit is wider downstream), a lip for collecting droplets that have collected on conduit walls, and/or re-entraining gas directed at collected droplets. Focusing gas may focus the sample fluid stream away from the walls of the conduit. Such focusing gas may be at different temperatures for different sections of the conduit. For example, the focusing gas may be a lower temperature near the probe inlet, and may be at a higher temperature to act as drying gas farther downstream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses apparatuses, systems, and methods for controlling liquid impact pressure in liquid impact systems. The liquid impact systems include at least one gas and a liquid, the gas having a density (PG) and a polytropic index (?) and the liquid having a density (PL). The methods include the step of calculating a liquid impact load of the liquid on the object by determining a parameter ? for the system, wherein ? is defined as (PG/PL) (??1)/?. The systems are also configured to utilize the parameter ?. The parameter ? may be adjusted to increase or reduce the liquid impact load on the system. Automatic, computer-implemented systems and methods may be used or implemented. These methods and systems may be useful in applications such as LNG shipping and loading/off-loading, fuel tank operation, manufacturing processes, vehicles dynamics, and combustion processes, among others.

Abstract: A system for applying coatings and more specifically paint coatings is provided that combines fluid stored in separate reservoir containers prior to expelling the mixture for application. The reservoirs may be comprised of collapsible and disposable bags that eject its fluid upon activation of an actuator or expanding bladder. The fluid components are combined and blended together in a mixer that is positioned between the reservoirs and a nozzle.

Abstract: A wet pipe fire protection sprinkler system and method of operating a wet pipe fire sprinkler system includes providing a sprinkler system having a pipe network, a source of water for the pipe network, at least one sprinkler head connected with the pipe network and a drain valve for draining the pipe network. An inert gas source, such as a nitrogen gas source, is connected with the pipe network. Inert gas is supplied from the inert gas source to the pipe network. Water is supplied to the pipe network thereby substantially filling the pipe network with water and compressing the inert gas in the pipe network.

Abstract: A drain for a pressure vessel includes a valve, a knob, a tube, a passageway, and a drain cup. The valve is coupled between an interior surface and an exterior surface of a tank. The knob is coupled to the valve for opening and closing the valve. The tube has a top end and a bottom end and is coupled to the valve at an interior surface of the tank at the top end and extends into a bottom of the tank at the bottom end. The passageway extends through the valve and has an opening coupled to the tube at a first end and an exit at a second end. The passageway is openable and closeable by the knob. The drain cup is associated with the exit of the passageway and is positioned on an exterior surface of the tank for collecting condensation from the interior of the tank. The valve is positioned at a height that is vertically higher than the bottom end of the tube.

Abstract: A failure protection apparatus including an air source providing air having an air pressure, a first valve in fluid communication with the air source permitting a control fluid to flow to a pressure control assembly when the air pressure is at least a minimum pressure and preventing flow of the control fluid to the assembly when the air pressure is below a minimum pressure, the assembly containing control fluid at a predetermined pressure that is maintained when the air pressure is below the minimum pressure, a second valve in communication with the air source permitting communication of air between an inlet and an outlet when the air pressure is below the minimum pressure, a third valve in communication with the air source, a pressure container in communication with the third valve outlet and having an outlet that feeds air to the second valve to actuate a warning device attached thereto.

Abstract: A fluid connector system features a stopper and an extending section. Installable within an outlet of a fluid container, the stopper defines a passage therethrough. Defining air and fluid conduits, the extending section has a first abutment member threadably connectible thereto and a second abutment member affixed thereto. The extending section is adapted to be extended through the passage of the stopper when assembled thereto. When the first abutment member is tightened about the extending section, the first and second abutment members abut against the exterior and interior sides, respectively, of the stopper. With the stopper installed within the outlet and the extending section and the abutment members therewith assembled to the stopper thereby sealing the passage therein, fluid within the container may be extracted via the fluid conduit as air exterior to the container flows therein via the air conduct to displace the fluid being extracted from the container.

Abstract: The air charger system provided is configured to provide an air supply to a pressurized water storage system without the use of external power. The system includes a venturi vented to the ambient atmosphere, such that the venturi siphons air from the ambient atmosphere when the venturi reaches a choked flow condition, and the system stores the siphoned air in a charging tank to supply a water storage tank. In various embodiments, the air charger system conserves energy because the use of external power is eliminated. Instead of using a traditional air compressor, the air charger systems converts the potential energy of water in a storage tank to kinetic energy in order to pressurize air in a charging tank. In addition, the air charger system also achieves greater energy conservation with the elimination of an air compressor, such that the system requires less repair and maintenance than a traditional system.

Abstract: A second valve is opened to combine an injection-pressure generating pressure with a maintaining pressure into an injection pressure. After the injection pressure is applied to a capillary to cause discharge of an object therefrom, an output pressure of a regulator is set to the injection pressure. Then, a first valve is opened to reapply the injection pressure to the capillary. The second valve is opened to combine a maintaining-pressure generating pressure with the injection pressure into the maintaining pressure. After the maintaining pressure is applied to the capillary to terminate the discharge of the object, the output pressure of the regulator is set to the maintaining pressure. Then, the first valve is opened to reapply the maintaining pressure to the capillary.

Abstract: The present invention provides applicators reducing generating bubble. Dispersion liquid is supplied while the pressure of a circulation tank on the delivery side is lower than the atmospheric pressure but higher than the pressure of the space in buffer tanks. The dispersion liquid in the discharge chambers is recovered while the pressure in a circulation tank serving as recovery destination is lower than the atmospheric pressure. Gas dissolution can be reduced because the dispersion liquid does not come into contact with gases at pressures higher than the atmospheric pressure and engulffing gas or deformation of solid microparticles can be avoided because no pump is used.

Abstract: A second valve is opened to combine an injection-pressure generating pressure with a maintaining pressure into an injection pressure. After the injection pressure is applied to a capillary to cause discharge of an object therefrom, an output pressure of a regulator is set to the injection pressure. Then, a first valve is opened to reapply the injection pressure to the capillary. The second valve is opened to combine a maintaining-pressure generating pressure with the injection pressure into the maintaining pressure. After the maintaining pressure is applied to the capillary to terminate the discharge of the object, the output pressure of the regulator is set to the maintaining pressure. Then, the first valve is opened to reapply the maintaining pressure to the capillary.

Abstract: An agricultural sprayer includes a centrifugal pump used for transferring fluid from a nurse tank to fill the sprayer tank. It is sometimes required that the centrifugal pump be primed in order to perform the transfer of fluid and this priming is done by creating a vacuum in a priming line that is connected to a suction line extending between an inlet of the pump and to a discharge line of the nurse tank, with the vacuum being caused by routing a flow of compressed air through a venturi having its throat coupled to the priming line.

Abstract: A pressure gauge may be coupled to a supply line which carries liquid from a bottle to either one or more mixing vessels and/or one or more reactors in a combinatorial processing tool. A control device may monitor the pressure measured by the pressure gauge, and the control device may be configured to change the pressure supplied to the bottle based on a comparison of the measured pressure to a pre-determined pressure value. The control device may adjust the pressure provided to the bottle using a pressure regulator coupled to the pressure source. By changing the pressure provided to the bottle, the control device may maintain a relatively constant flow rate of fluids from the liquid source into one or more mixing vessels and/or the one or more reactors.

Abstract: A combustion device in the form of a paraffin stove (10) comprises a fuel reservoir (12), a burner (14), stand pipe (16) which extends between the reservoir (12) and the burner (14) and a stove top (18). The reservoir (12) comprises a rigid, air-tight outer container (22) and a deformable bladder (25) for holding paraffin (27) which is located within the container (22). The bladder has an outlet (44) which is connected to the stand pipe (16). A conduit (51) which can be connected to a source of compressed air is connected to the container (22) for pressurizing the container (22) to exert a force on the bladder (25) sufficient to cause the paraffin to be delivered to the burner (14) where it is ignited to produce a flame.

Abstract: A system for fryer oil usage has at least one fryer having a vat and a valved drain, a first oil storage container having an oil delivery line connected with the vat, a second oil storage container connected with the valved drain and vat of the fryer, both containers having an inert gas blanket in a vapor space thereof, a first filter connected with the valve of the drain of the fryer, a pump connected with the first filter and the second oil storage container and in valved communication with the vat, a polishing line connected with the pump and with the first filter, and a three-way valve movable to a first position for blocking the flow of oil, a second position for allowing the flow of oil to the second oil storage container, and a third position for allowing the flow of oil to the vat of the fryer.

Abstract: A system for maintaining pressure in the liquid fuel tank of a high-speed flight vehicle, such as a hypersonic flight, scramjet powered air and space vehicle, manages tank ullage using a pressure regulator coupled to the fuel tank that supplies pressurized gaseous media into the fuel tank ullage based on the internal pressure of the tank. The regulator has an on-board controller that processes tank pressure input to deliver a pulse-width modulated input signal to the coil of the on-board solenoid metering assembly. Energizing the coil drives the metering valve open against spring force. The metering assembly is contained in a removable cartridge that has a floating valve guide that is held stationary by bias of the spring against the metering valve. The metering valve has a separate valve seat that mates with the metering orifice of a flow nozzle.

Abstract: Membrane valves and latching valve structures for microfluidic devices are provided. A demultiplexer can be used to address the latching valve structures. The membrane valves and latching valve structures may be used to form pneumatic logic circuits, including processors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating pressure suitable in magnitude for powering micro-sized devices. The present invention typically comprises a gas generation chamber that is equipped with an activation element and filled with a gas-containing liquid. Powering of the activation element causes gas within the liquid to be released. Upon release a series of pressure distribution channels deliver the gas to a wide variety of peripheral microfluidic devices. A series of one-way valves and multi-chambered configurations allow for a wide variety of pressures to be generated from a single pressure generation device. By manipulating the scale of the pressure generation device, lab-on-chip, hand held, and bench top applications are possible and may readily be interfaced to allow a substantial amount of user control of the system.

Abstract: In a fuel vapour recovery system, fuel vapour is drawn off and converted to liquid fuel. The system comprises a compressor, individually closable inlets for the fuel vapour and leading to an inlet duct of the compressor, a return duct by way of which an outlet of the compressor communicates with the inlet duct, and a control device which controls communication between that outlet and the inlet duct via the return duct in dependence upon the number of the inlets which is open.

Abstract: A device for reusing greywater includes: a water feed for supplying greywater; a collecting reservoir for collecting the supplied greywater; a storage tank for storing water; a siphoning device for siphoning water from the collecting reservoir to the storage tank; a water discharge for discharging stored water to a water user; a sewer outlet; and a control system. A method of siphoning water includes: supplying water to a collecting reservoir; detecting a predetermined water level in the collecting reservoir; operating a filling valve subject to the detected water level; and siphoning water via a siphon connection from the collecting reservoir to the storage tank.

Abstract: The method of regulating pressure in a vessel comprises the steps of feeding the vessel with gas at a given feed rate and of modulating the exhaust rate by means of a valve member placing facing an exhaust orifice and associated with a control member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for generating pressure suitable in magnitude for powering micro-sized devices. The present invention typically comprises a gas generation chamber that is equipped with an activation element and filled with a gas-containing liquid. Powering of the activation element causes gas within the liquid to be released. Upon release a series of pressure distribution channels deliver the gas to a wide variety of peripheral microfluidic devices. A series of one-way valves and multi-chambered configurations allow for a wide variety of pressures to be generated from a single pressure generation device. By manipulating the scale of the pressure generation device, lab-on-chip, hand held, and bench top applications are possible and may readily be interfaced to allow a substantial amount of user control of the system.

Abstract: Pressure regulation in a liquid reservoir such as an ink of a jet printing head, is obtained by transferring a calibrated gas volume through an auxiliary reservoir, said regulation is being applied to installations manufacturing intelligent portable objects and more particularly to graphic customization stations.

Abstract: A hydrogen distribution valve for alternately distributing gaseous and liquid hydrogen from a tank is disclosed. The hydrogen distribution valve includes a valve housing having a gaseous hydrogen inlet, a liquid hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and a reference pressure port for receiving a reference hydrogen pressure. A rocker valve is provided in the valve housing for alternately sealing the gaseous hydrogen inlet and the liquid hydrogen inlet. A bias mechanism engages the rocker valve for biasing the rocker valve in sealing engagement with said liquid hydrogen inlet. A valve membrane is provided in fluid communication with the reference pressure port and engages the valve head for biasing the valve head in sealing engagement with the gaseous hydrogen inlet.

Abstract: A fluid delivery device for supplying fluids, particularly automotive fluids supplied to fluid reservoirs. To attain this, a vessel configured to hold a liquid includes a pressurized gas inlet configured to receive gas into the vessel through a passageway in an integral handle upon actuation of a handle-mounted trigger. Liquid is displaced from the vessel by the gas. In an embodiment, the trigger includes a stem having a solid portion and a hollow portion, and actuation of the trigger aligns the hollow portion with the passageway such that gas may flow. Liquid flows through a hose extending from the vessel.

Abstract: Liquid raising systems raise liquid from a system inlet to a system outlet without any moving parts below the system outlet. One or more closed cells are disposed at elevations between the system inlet and outlet. A liquid conduit leads from the bottom of each cell to the top of the next downstream cell. Gas pressure-differential between two next-adjacent cells causes liquid to flow through the liquid conduit to the next cell. The pressure-differential need be only enough to move the liquid between adjacent cells. The cells are cyclically filled and emptied by sequentially applying the gas at higher and lower pressures to adjacent cells, thus progressively moving liquid toward the system outlet. A cell can have a variety of shapes and sizes, so long as the cell gas inlet is above the liquid inlet, and the liquid outlet is below both the liquid inlet and the gas inlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for automatically injecting chemicals into a pressurized system.

Abstract: A method of transferring an aqueous polymer dispersion with a temperature ≧50° C. from a vessel 1 via a connecting line to a vessel 2 is described.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture for effecting an oxygen deficient fuel cell wherein an oxygenless gas is introduced to the internal structure of a fuel cell as fuel volume is diminished thereby displacing ambient air containing oxygen with said oxygenless gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the volume of surgical fluid present in a cavity of the body during surgery includes a fluid pump for pumping surgical fluid to the cavity via a conduit. A dampener is disposed between the pump and the cavity, with the dampener receiving the fluid output of the pump and having a pressure sensitive volumetric capacity, therefor such that variations in output volume of the pump are diminished by the dampener, the output of which is directed to the cavity. The dampener may be in the form of a hollow chamber into which surgical fluid flows trapping a selected quantity of gas thereabove with the gas quantity being determined by a vent valve. A hydrophobic filter or a float valve may be employed as the vent valve.

Abstract: A method and article of manufacture for effecting an oxygen deficient fuel cell wherein an oxygenless gas is introduced to the internal structure of a fuel cell as fuel volume is diminished thereby displacing ambient air containing oxygen with said oxygenless gas.