Abstract: An apparatus for making the supply of a material liquid and relief of pressure of a reaction product liquid in a high-pressure liquefaction reaction such as direct liquefaction of coal. The apparatus includes at least one cylinder having two working chambers separated by a movable float, one of which is adapted to receive the material liquid while the other is adapted to be charged with high-pressure product liquid. A gas discharging pipe having a valve is connected to the side of the cylinder to which the high-pressure product slurry is to be charged. For delivering the product slurry from the cylinder to the outside of the system, the pressure in the cylinder is beforehand relieved and the gases separated from the product slurry are discharged through the valve of the gas discharging pipe. Thereafter, the product slurry filling the cylinder is delivered to the outside by a low pressure of the material slurry supplied to the other side of the cylinder.

Abstract: A device for sparging carbon dioxide from an acidified aqueous stream for use in a system for quantitatively determining the organic carbon content of the stream has a body with vertically extending cavities formed therethrough and passageways which connect the cavities in series so that the aqueous stream travels the length of a cavity before passing into the next. Dispersion tubes are mounted in the cavities for dispersing fine bubbles of sparging gas into the aqueous stream. The gas and carbon dioxide which has evolved from the aqueous stream is collected and discharged through the cavities.

Abstract: In a liquid decomposing system including a decomposer having an inlet located at its bottom, a liquid tank having an outlet at its bottom, a reservoir connected between the outlet of the tank and the inlet of the decomposer, and a buffer and condensate vessel, the gas pressure at the outlet of the decomposer is maintained constant with the aid of a back pressure regulator connected between the vessel and the reservoir to set up constant driving pressure in the liquid inlet of the decomposer.

Abstract: A liquified gas is transferred from a supply tank to a saddle tank by gravity flow. After a predetermined amount of the liquified gas has been transferred, gravity flow is stopped and pressure is equalized between the saddle tank and the container to be filled. Thereafter, vapor from the container flows into the supply tank causing liquified gas to flow from the saddle tank into the container. After the container has received a predetermined amount of liquified gas, liquid flow ends and pressure is equalized between the supply and saddle tanks.

Abstract: a system and method are provided for transferring a liquid cryogen from a supply tank to a receiver tank by pressurizing the supply tank with cold vapor from the receiver tank. This method minimizes heat added to the transferred liquid and minimizes the temperature of the vapor returned to the supply tank, making it particularly useful for optimizing the transfer of liquid cryogens such as helium, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen which vaporize well below ambient temperatures. A cold vapor pump is provided which is insulated from ambient temperatures for pumping the cryogen vapor from the receiver tank to the supply tank with a minimum of heat input.