Abstract: A vibration transducer such as a geophone, comprising a central pole piece (110) with a magnet (112) and coil (118) concentrically arranged around it. The position of the magnet (112) is fixed relative to the pole piece (110) and the coil (118) is movable relative to the magnet (112). A method of manufacturing a vibration transducer is characterised in that a bobbin carrying the coils is formed from a substantially tubular body which is positioned on a mandrel and at least one coil is wound around its outer surface, the mandrel being removed from the bobbin when the coil is complete. Another method is characterised in that the coil is formed separately and the bobbin is formed from a substantially tubular body which is positioned inside the coil and expanded to contact the coil when in position.

Abstract: In a proportional solenoid valve, a cylindrical valve seat member includes an input/output-side passage provided between an input port and a drain port and between an output port and the drain port, a seat portion provided in an end portion of the input/output-side passage, and a drain-side passage provided between the seat portion and the drain port. The drain-side passage is formed by exhaust passage holes whose number is an even number equal to four or more and which are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the valve seat member.

Abstract: A pressure regulator has a magnet component group provided with a metal housing in which a winding and an armature are arranged, a flange composed of a synthetic plastic material and connected in an axial direction to the magnet component group, a metal guiding sleeve which is arranged in the flange for orientation and mounting of the magnet component group, a valve closing member which is actuated by the magnet component group and cooperates with a valve seat to separate a return side from a front side; a metal bushing which is connected with the housing through a metal connection and on which the valve seat is formed, the metal bushing having at least one discharge opening which leads to the return side.

Abstract: In a proportional solenoid valve, a cylindrical valve seat member includes an input/output-side passage provided between an input port and a drain port and between an output port and the drain port, a seat portion provided in an end portion of the input/output-side passage, and a drain-side passage provided between the seat portion and the drain port. The drain-side passage is formed by exhaust passage holes whose number is an even number equal to four or more and which are arranged at regular intervals in the circumferential direction of the valve seat member.

Abstract: In a two-way solenoid vale, a small diameter portion of a nozzle portion is fitted in a small diameter portion receiving part communicating with an output pressure oil passage and a large diameter portion is fitted in a large diameter portion receiving part communicating with a supply pressure oil passage. An opening of a through-hole formed in the nozzle portion faces the output pressure oil passage by way of the small diameter portion receiving part, and an inner end of the through-hole is opened and closed by a plunger and communicates with a drain port. An orifice port communicating with the through-hole is opened to the large diameter portion receiving part and communicates with the supply pressure oil passage. Since the orifice port is disposed in the solenoid valve, a separate plate for an orifice is not required, oil passage is simplified and the solenoid valve can be installed in an optional position.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure regulating valve for regulating a pressure in an automatic transmission of a motor vehicle, comprising a magnetic part which includes an electrically controllable coil, a coil core and a movable armature, a valve flange which is anchored on the magnetic part and has pressure medium guiding passages, a piston controlling a pressure in a passage connected to a consumer, the piston being loaded with the armature and controlling pressure medium connections between the passages, a diaphragm element which seals the valve flange relative to the magnetic part, a return passage, the diaphragm element having at least one pressure chamber which is hydraulically connected with the return passage, and a throttling device formed so that the pressure chamber is connected with the return passage through the throttling device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to attenuate a flapper valve from oscillating is presented. An inertia tube is added to the flow path of the flapper valve nozzle, which effectively produces a stabilizing pressure force on the flapper at its natural frequency. The inertia tube has a length to area ratio of greater than approximately 1000 in/in2. The addition of an inertia tube to the nozzle makes the fixed size orifice of the nozzle behave like an orifice having a size that is a function of flow frequency. The inertia tube may be a straight tube, a coiled tube, a thread passage and the like.

Abstract: A combined spring brake modulating relay valve integrates the functions of a relay valve and a modulating valve. The housing includes a valve assembly movable in response to air pressure provided to selected ports in the housing. A relay piston selectively communicates with a control port and a primary brake circuit port. A modulating piston includes surfaces selectively pressurized by the primary brake circuit port and a secondary brake circuit port. This modulates the pressure from the delivery port to thereby selectively apply the associated spring brakes if a failure is detected at the primary brake circuit port. The exhaust member selectively controls communication between the supply and delivery ports as necessary.

Abstract: A gas pressure regulator shall be created that shows reproducible features even at minimum through flow values, and at the same time allows keeping its lock up characteristic. In addition, gas burners operated at a large modulating range shall allow ignition as well, with the internal pressure drop being kept as low as possible. Also, manufacturing expenses and number of gasproof connections shall be kept at a minimum. To achieve this, the inlet-side chamber and the outlet-side chamber are connected to each other—in addition to the existing passage that is used for pressure regulating purposes—by one or more separate openings with each of such opening forming a seat for a closing body that is individually assigned to said opening and guided in axial direction to its seat, whereat each such closing body is connected to the armature of an solenoid valve assigned to it.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic valve pilot stage for controlling differential pressure is disclosed. The electrohydraulic valve pilot stage has a housing for protecting the valve; a first and second inlet capable of connection to fluid supplies; a first nozzle and a second nozzle fluidly connected to the inlets; a baseplate attached to the housing and the nozzles; a restraining member attached to the baseplate at a position between the first nozzle and the second nozzle; a pivot pin; a flapper restrained by the restraining member and having a first end and a second end, the flapper pivotably mounted on the pivot pin; and a null adjust pin mounted in a pivot pin contact capable position for adjusting the position of the ends of the flapper relative to the nozzles.

Abstract: An improved pilot stage includes a flapper having first and second ends, first and second nozzles in fluid communication with the first and second ends, and a magnetic torque motor having a first coil which is magnetically coupled to the first end of the flapper. An input current to the first coil creates a magnetic torque on the flapper, causing the flapper to pivot. The torque input from the magnetic circuit is reflected through the pivot to create a balancing differential pressure output at the nozzles proportional to the input electrical signal. The flapper does not require a torsion bar (or tube) pivot or a separate armature, as required by functionally similar pilot stages.

Abstract: A valve positioner for adjusting the position of a valve is provided. The valve positioner includes a housing having a service cartridge port and a valve connector. The valve positioner also includes a removable service cartridge having a cartridge housing received in the service cartridge port. The cartridge housing contains electronics and electro-pneumatic components associated with the valve positioner. The cartridge housing is configured such that removal does not expose the electronics and the electro-pneumatic components to an external environment.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic valve pilot stage for controlling differential pressure is disclosed. The electrohydraulic valve pilot stage has a housing for protecting the valve; a first and second inlet capable of connection to fluid supplies; a first nozzle and a second nozzle fluidly connected to the inlets; a baseplate attached to the housing and the nozzles; a restraining member attached to the baseplate at a position between the first nozzle and the second nozzle; a pivot pin; a flapper restrained by the restraining member and having a first end and a second end, the flapper pivotably mounted on the pivot pin; and a null adjust pin mounted in a pivot pin contact capable position for adjusting the position of the ends of the flapper relative to the nozzles.

Abstract: An improved pilot stage includes a flapper having first and second ends, first and second nozzles in fluid communication with the first and second ends, and a magnetic torque motor having a first coil which is magnetically coupled to the first end of the flapper. An input current to the first coil creates a magnetic torque on the flapper, causing the flapper to pivot. The torque input from the magnetic circuit is reflected through the pivot to create a balancing differential pressure output at the nozzles proportional to the input electrical signal. The flapper does not require a torsion bar (or tube) pivot or a separate armature, as required by functionally similar pilot stages.

Abstract: The pressure of hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the continuously variable transmission in the power train of a motor vehicle is regulated by an apparatus wherein an adjustable pilot valve can receive fluid from a pilot conduit leading to a pressure reducing valve. The pilot conduit normally receives fluid from a further conduit, wherein the pressure of fluid is at least substantially constant, by way of a flow restrictor. A branch conduit serves to evacuate fluid from the pilot conduit into the pilot valve when the latter is at least partially open. The fluid-discharging end of the flow restrictor confronts the inlet of the branch conduit, and such inlet is narrowed to reduce the likelihood of turbulence developing in the fluid stream flowing from the pilot conduit, across the further conduit and into the inlet of the pilot valve.

Abstract: An electromagnetically actuable proportional hydraulic valve (10) is described, which is distinguished in particular by a constant, low-wear operating performance. This is attained by means of a closing member (60) having an approximately conical sealing body (60c, 70) with a curved dome-like face end oriented toward the valve seat (58). The sealing body (60c, 70) together with the valve seat (58) forms a conical seat valve. The sealing body of the closing member (60) is provided with a flow separation edge (60d), which improves the temperature sensitivity of the proportional valve (10).

Abstract: Proportional variable force solenoid valve for controlling the pressure of a fluid in a fluid control system comprises a solenoid housing having therein a solenoid coil, an armature movable in response to electrical current applied to the solenoid coil, and a biasing spring for biasing the armature in a direction to establish a valve fluid pressure response to solenoid coil current. An inner armature end cooperates with or engages a damping member residing in a fluid damping chamber to reduce non-linear valve responses resulting from pressure oscillations in the fluid control system.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling and monitoring actuators with an open/close characteristic consists of a first unit having a drive switch unit for operating a drive force unit, at least one limit signal generator that detects an end position of an actuator of the drive force unit and an electronic unit, such as a microprocessor, which first unit is connected to a second unit by a twin-core cable, and the second unit includes an apparatus for operating the drive switch unit and for outputting the state of the limit signal generator.

Abstract: The pressure of hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the continuously variable transmission in the power train of a motor vehicle is regulated by an apparatus wherein an adjustable pilot valve can receive fluid from a pilot conduit leading to a pressure reducing valve. The pilot conduit normally receives fluid from a further conduit, wherein the pressure of fluid is at least substantially constant, by way of a flow restrictor. A branch conduit serves to evacuate fluid from the pilot conduit into the pilot valve when the latter is at least partially open. The fluid-discharging end of the flow restrictor confronts the inlet of the branch conduit, and such inlet is narrowed to reduce the likelihood of turbulence developing in the fluid stream flowing from the pilot conduit, across the further conduit and into the inlet of the pilot valve.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuated poppet valve is disclosed. The piezoelectric valve generally includes a valve body having multiple passages that provide fluid flow paths through the valve body. Flow through the flow paths is controlled by the position of a poppet valve that is slidably received in a fluid-tight manner in an interior space within the valve body. A piezoelectric actuator is secured to the valve body and contacts the poppet valve. Actuation of the piezoelectric actuator moves the poppet valve within the interior space. Movement of the poppet valve within the interior space controls flow through the fluid flow paths in the valve body.

Abstract: A valve, for example a valve for use in conjunction with a pneumatic pressure controller for controlling a load pressure in a volume, comprises an apparatus for aligning a pressure control valve such that a seal between at least one input port and a flapper structure is created. In particular, the pressure control valve contains a structure designed to maintain the seal between the pressure input port and the flapper structure throughout a selected range of motion of the flapper.

Abstract: The pressure of hydraulic fluid which is supplied to the continuously variable transmission in the power train of a motor vehicle is regulated by an apparatus wherein an adjustable pilot valve can receive fluid from a pilot conduit leading to a pressure reducing valve. The pilot conduit normally receives fluid from a further conduit, wherein the pressure of fluid is at least substantially constant, by way of a flow restrictor. A branch conduit serves to evacuate fluid from the pilot conduit into the pilot valve when the latter is at least partially open. The fluid-discharging end of the flow restrictor confronts the inlet of the branch conduit, and such inlet is narrowed to reduce the likelihood of turbulence developing in the fluid stream flowing from the pilot conduit, across the further conduit and into the inlet of the pilot valve.

Abstract: An electropneumatic motor includes an electrically energizable magnetic circuit with an armature resiliently suspended in the air gap defined between two opposed pole pieces of differing dimensions. One of pole pieces includes an axially adjustable member of magnetic material. A fluid nozzle is carried by the other pole piece. Axial adjustment of the pole piece member affects the strength of the magnetic field. In one embodiment, the pole piece member includes a permanent magnet, which is axially movable relative to the armature, centered in the face of the pole piece. The combination of the fixed field from the permanent magnet and the electromagnetically induced variable field helps more nearly linearize the current to armature force relationship and increases the force on the armature. To determine the operating point of the motor, the suspension for the armature can be prestressed to force it as close as possible to the nozzle, and the magnet can be advanced until the armature is pulled off of the nozzle.

Abstract: A cantilever valve useful for paper handling applications is disclosed. The valve can be batch fabricated in two dimensional valve arrays, with each valve in the array being controlled by passive matrix addressing. Typically, each valve includes a valve housing having an aperture plate defining an aperture therethrough, and an opposing port plate positioned in spaced apart relationship to the aperture plate. A flexible film or strip is attached at its first end between the aperture and port plates and is unattached so that it is free to move between the aperture and port plates at its second end. Valve action is provided by use of a single switching electrode for moving the flexible film between an aperture blocking position and an aperture open position, with the switching electrodes positioned adjacent to the port plate.

Abstract: A solenoid actuated valve for regulating the pressure of a pressurized fluid in a fluid control system in proportion to the current level of an electrical input signal including a nozzle housing having an end connected to a solenoid housing and a fixed fluid flow directing tubular sleeve internal thereof and communicated to a supply port for receiving pressurized fluid therefrom. The sleeve includes a primary orifice communicating to a valve seat proximate the end of the nozzle housing and to a control port located proximate a second end of the nozzle housing via one or more longitudinal fluid passages between the nozzle housing and the sleeve. The sleeve includes a secondary bleed orifice located proximate the control port to bleed pressurized fluid thereto in a manner to provide more precise low pressure fluid control.

Abstract: An electric vacuum regulator has an enclosure containing an interior space and a solenoid assembly. An inlet port communicates the interior space to source vacuum. Vacuum communicated to the interior space is vented through a filter to atmosphere. Regulated vacuum is provided through an outlet port. A valve mechanism operated by the solenoid assembly selectively vents vacuum from the inlet port to the vent port and thereby creates regulated vacuum at the outlet port. The valve mechanism includes a valve element and a seat element. The latter has a continuous annular seat surface which circumscribes a vent path from the interior space to atmosphere that is opened and closed by the valve element, and a further surface which is disposed radially outward of the seat surface and against which the valve element also seats when closing the vent path. A groove that separates the further surface from the seat surface is vented to the interior space by through-holes in the valve element.

Abstract: A washer solution hose controlling device includes a car speed sensor and an electronic control device outputting a control signal in proportion to the car speed detected from the car speed sensor. The washer solution hose controlling device further employs a solenoid where the voltage supplied from the battery, depending upon the control signal output of the electronic control device which is in proportion to the car speed, is varied. Both sides of a feed hose are pushed by the solenoid to increase the injection pressure of washer solution proportionate to the detected car speed.

Abstract: A relatively compact and vibration-insensitive electric-to-pressure converter includes an annular flexure from which an annular electromagnetic coil depends into an annular gap defined by the pole pieces of a permanent magnet assembly. A compressed air exhaust nozzle is located below the central region of the flexure which controls the rate of exhaust of air from the nozzle, and therefore the output pressure of the converter, in dependence upon the magnitude of an electrical input current applied to the coil.

Abstract: An installation for lubricating, cleaning and/or disinfecting conveyor belts for containers, more particularly for foods, such as bottles, glasses, cans, bags and the like, comprising a central metering station connectable to a water pipe used to dilute a concentrated lubricant, cleaner or disinfectant, and several distributing pipes connected to the metering station lead to the points of use. At each point of use there is a mixing valve (13-19) connectable to distribution line (52) and the water pipe (23) and individually adjustable for each point of use and a pressure reducer (50, 51) fitted upstream of each mixing valve. Varying concentration can be provided for each point of use (31-37) with little technical complexity. In another embodiment, the invention is the process carried out by the installation.

Abstract: A pressure regulating variable force solenoid fluid control valve for regulating the pressure of a pressurized fluid in a fluid control system in proportion to the current level of an electrical input signal comprises a supply port for receiving pressurized fluid, a control port in fluid flow communication to the supply port via a primary orifice, the control port communicating with an external component, such as a hydraulic automobile transmission component to control operation thereof, and a variable force solenoid actuated valve that cooperates with a valve seat receiving pressurized fluid from the primary orifice to control flow of pressurized fluid to one or more exhaust ports as a means to regulate pressure at the control port in dependence upon electrical current to a coil of the solenoid actuated valve.

Abstract: A solenoid-type control system is disclosed, particularly for operating the locking hubs of a four-wheel drive vehicle. A solenoid valve assembly or mechanism has a coil member, a tubular member for directing air flow, and a valve mechanism at one end of the tubular member. A control circuit determines the level of energizing signal to the coil member which in turn controls the valve mechanism and the air flow passing through the tubular member. A switch mechanism has a moveable terminal which is operated by the level of energizing electrical signal.

Abstract: An electrical-pneumatic system has a controller which has an input terminal for a reference variable signal, an input terminal for a regulating variable or feedback signal and an output terminal for a manipulated variable signal, which preferably is a pulse-width modulated signal. The controller will actuate a drive unit of an electrical-pneumatic pre-control unit, which has a 3/2 directional control valve that responds to the pulse-width modulated signal from the controller. The output of the 3/2 directional control valve is smoothed by being passed through a throttle and into a volume, and a pneumatic booster is connected downstream from the volume. The output of the pneumatic booster is sensed and provides the feedback signal.

Abstract: A piezo-electrically actuated hydraulic valve has a nozzle type seat and a piezo-electric actuator in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the nozzle. The actuator includes a piezo-ceramic layer laminated to an electrode sheet, so that the composite is in sheet form and parallel to the plane of the seat. The electrode sheet has opposite edges which extend beyond the piezo-ceramic layer and are clamped by the housing of the valve so that the center of the actuator is positioned over the seat, and in the preferred embodiment normally closes the seat. When an electric field is applied to the piezo-ceramic layer, the actuator bows or dishes so as to displace relative to the nozzle. The electric field may be applied proportionally, in which case the actuator displaces proportionally to the field applied, the field may be applied as a pulse width modulated signal, in which case the displacement of the actuator also modulates.

Abstract: An electromagnetically operable pressure-regulating valve is proposed, in whose valve connection element (40) there is configured a choke bore (57, 57a to 57c). The choke bore (57, 57a to 57c), which operates hydraulically like a choke, facilitates the balancing of the pressure-regulating valve in the hydraulic system and produces a characteristic curve of the pressure-regulating valve which is virtually temperature-independent.

Abstract: A multi-stage pneumatic pressure regulator establishes a constant output pressure with a change in the output flow. The regulator includes a poppet valve connecting the input and output. A relief valve mounted on the poppet valve includes a first positioning diaphragm subjected to output chamber pressure and a vent hole to atmosphere. A pilot valve is mounted on the relief valve and includes a pressure chamber with a positioning diaphragm of a lesser area than the first diaphragm, coupled to the relief valve and opposing the first position diaphragm. A precision bleed orifice connects the pressure chamber to the input chamber and establishes a precise bleed. A presettable spring load orifice unit in the pilot valve couples the pressure chamber to the output chamber and passes the bleed flow to the output chamber and venting atmosphere. The pilot chamber pressure is greater than the output pressure and prevents feedback of the bleed. The poppet valve and pilot orifice have novel constructions.

Abstract: A combined bearing/diaphragm seal for use in a solenoid valve assembly or the like is disclosed which provides a flexible fluid seal between the solenoid sub-assembly and the valve sub-assembly. The solenoid and valve sub-assemblies communicate mechanically via a portion of a solenoid armature which translates through the combined bearing/diaphragm seal and controls elements of the valve sub-assembly for regulating outlet fluid pressure. The bearing portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal comprises a flat spring-plate that is adapted to resiliently deflect in response to movement of the solenoid armature. The diaphragm portion of the combined bearing/diaphragm seal is an elastomeric seal material applied to at least one side of the spring plate.

Abstract: An electricity/air pressure converter comprising a pair of housings, made of a soft magnetic material, in the middle of which pole pieces are disposed facing each other with an air gap therebetween and which have a cylindrically formed outer circumferential portion; a permanent magnet secured to one of the housings at one end thereof and surrounding one of the pole pieces; a movable member, made of a magnetic material and having spring properties, which is secured to the other end of the permanent magnet and which faces the pole pieces in the air gap; a coil which is wound around the other housing so that it surrounds the pole pieces and through which a current signal flows; and a nozzle which is disposed to face the movable member around the center of either of the pole pieces and which is in communication with one end of a restrictor which is supplied with a supply air pressure at the other end thereof, wherein back pressure is generated at the nozzle according to current signals being outputted as an air p

Abstract: An electro-hydraulic fluid metering and control device with a position sensor having a plane of geometric symmetry. The control device includes a valve body with a plurality of ports and channels for fluid flow, a torque motor mounted on the valve body and responsive to an electrical driving signal, a valve, an armature operating in the torque motor and extending to operate the valve and position sensor and spring members for supporting the armature for pivotal movement to assure direct relationship between the valve and moving member of the position sensor.

Abstract: An improved fluid amplifier (39) is operatively arranged in a flow path extending between a source (28, 31) of pressurized fluid (P.sub.s) and a fluid return (38) at a return pressure (R). The amplifier has at least one fluid connection (34 or 35) to a load. The amplifier has a movable mechanical member (24) operatively arranged to control the pressure at, and flow with respect to, the load. The mechanical member has a displacement range encompassing a null position and an off-null position. The improvement broadly includes a variable-impedance orifice (42 and/or 43) arranged in series with the amplifier in the low path. The impedance of the orifice is varied such that the impedance is a maximum when the mechanical member is in the null position and is a minimum when the mechanical member is in off-null position, such that flow from the supply to the return when the mechanical member is in the null position will be less than the maximum flow between the amplifier and the load.

Abstract: A microminiature valve in multi-layered structure for switching or controlling fluid flows is proposed, having an inlet and a closing element. The inlet is embodied in a first layer in the form of at least one through-opening. The closing element is structured out of a second layer which is applied on the first layer. This second layer has at least one further through-opening in the area of the closing element. The closing element is displaceable by actuation means, in particular electrical ones, essentially parallel to the first layer and the second layer, so that in at least one first position of the closing element the at least one through-opening of the inlet, together with the at least one further through-opening in the second layer, forms at least one flow-through opening. The cross section of the at least one flow-through opening can be varied by actuating the closing element.

Abstract: A mechanical flexure element useful for motion amplification with a closed end and two legs extending therefrom in a general U-shaped configuration. One leg may be fixed and the other leg moved, or both legs may be movable with respect to each other. Microdisplacements of a leg are amplified and translated into larger transverse movements of the closed end. Reversing the input and output displacements provides attenuation of a larger input displacement. A magnetostrictive electromechanical transducer with a flexure element having a closed end and two legs extending thereform moving towards and away from a nozzle in an enclosed nozzle chamber under fluid pressure. An electrical input signal actuates a magnetostrictive element coupled to one leg of the flexure element to move the element with respect to the nozzle thereby changing the fluid output pressure from the nozzle chamber.

Abstract: In order to balance out the effects of the electrical and mechanical relaxation of a piezo-electric bending element which has a control area that moves in response to an applied control voltage against an elastically applied counterforce, the counterforce is applied by way of a separate external loading system. In addition, the bending element can be pre-tensioned elastically against the action of the counterforce by means of a clamped end.

Abstract: A pressure relief valve system is provided that makes it possible to provide numerous varied pressure relief functions with a minimum of structural changes. For this purpose, a standard distributing valve housing is equipped with a valve core that makes it possible to construct a double-acting pressure relief valve with an individually adjustable pressure system on each valve side. However, there is also the possibility of completely shutting off the pressure system on one side. The valve core and/or the valve elements are preferably exchangeable, and the valve elements can be separately controlled by an adjusting device, for example in the form of a proportional magnet, to generate a pressure output signal corresponding to an input signal in each of the independent pressure systems independent of one another.

Abstract: A pressure modulator includes an electromagnetic coil wire wound about a hollow axle for developing a magnetic field when electrical current is applied to the wire, the hollow of the axle having an entrance port for receiving a fluid and a discharge port for discharging the fluid. The modulator serves to control the pressure of fluid flowing through a conduit under pressure and further includes a bleed-off tap connecting the conduit to the entrance port. A diaphragm plate is disposed above the coil of wire and axle and adjacent to the discharge port of the hollow to modulate the rate of fluid flow from the discharge port. The diaphragm plate includes a central void, a central section of magnetically attractable material disposed in the void above the coil of wire for attraction toward the coil when electrical current is applied to the coil to thereby limit the amount of fluid which is allowed to escape from the discharge port.

Abstract: A mechanical flexure element useful for motion amplification with a closed end and two legs extending therefrom in a general U-shaped configuration. One leg may be fixed and the other leg moved, or both legs may be movable with respect to each other. Microdisplacements of a leg are amplified and translated into larger transverse movements of the closed end. Reversing the input and output displacements provides attenuation of a larger input displacement. A magnetostrictive electromechanical transducer with a flexure element having a closed end and two legs extending thereform moving towards and away from a nozzle in an enclosed nozzle chamber under fluid pressure. An electrical input signal actuates a magnetostrictive element coupled to one leg of the flexure element to move the element with respect to the nozzle thereby changing the fluid output pressure from the nozzle chamber.

Abstract: A transducer having an explosion-proof housing with a divider forming two compartments, and the divider having formed therein a well. A magnet and flapper arm arrangement is suspended within the well. A coil winding is fixed in the other compartment around the well so that a magnetic field generated thereby influences the pivotal position of the magnet. Set screws adjustable in the bottom of the well are effective to preset a rest position of the magnet.

Abstract: A pneumatic pressure controller includes an actuator (50) and a throttling valve (12) for regulating a flow of gas (10). A pressure comparator (22) provides a modulated pressure signal (58) to the controller (50). The pressure comparator (22) includes an outlet orifice (70) for compensating at elevated supply pressures, P.sub.SUP.

Abstract: A pneumatic servo comprises a motor having a shaft for rotation in response to an electrical signal. A cam is connected to the shaft for rotation therewith. The cam has an outer profiled periphery and opposite sides. A pneumatic nozzle having an opening for directing a flow of gas toward one side of the cam near the periphery, obscures the flow by different amounts as the cam rotates to create a back pressure in the nozzle comprising a pneumatic signal. A curved projection engages an opposite side of the cam, the projection being aligned with the nozzle opening and reducing oscillation excursions of the servo at gas pressures in the nozzle of above 12 psi.

Abstract: A self aligning nozzle for a flapper valve through which fluid at a controlled pressure is supplied to a servo system. The nozzle which is retained in a semi-spherical member and is adapted to be rotated about its axial center to maintain a face of an orifice in a perpendicular relationship with a face on a lever that moves about a pivot in response to an operational pressure differential in the servo system in a shut off position to prevent leakage into the servo system.

Abstract: A mechanical flexure element useful for motion amplification with a closed end and two legs extending therefrom in a general U-shaped configuration. One leg may be fixed and the other leg moved, or both legs may be movable with respect to each other. Microdisplacements of a leg are amplified and translated into larger transverse movements of the closed end. Reversing the input and output displacements provides attenuation of a larger input displacement. A magnetostrictive electromechanical transducer with a flexure element having a closed end and two legs extending therefrom moving towards and away from a nozzle in an enclosed nozzle chamber under fluid pressure. An electrical input signal actuates a magnetostrictive element coupled to one leg of the flexure element to move the element with respect to the nozzle thereby changing the fluid output pressure from the nozzle chamber.