Abstract: A blade rinse composition comprising about 0.0001 to 0.01 wt. % disodium tetraborate decahydrate, about 0.0001 to 0.01 wt. % cationic surfactant, up to 5 wt. % anhydrous alcohol, and deionized water is disclosed, together with methods of making and using the same. The composition may prevent oxidation and/or contamination of metal blades and premature dullness of the blades.

Abstract: An electrode material useful as a dry in place deposit comprising at least one metal chelating polymer; an active material capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions; a plurality of electrical conductor particles; a binder polymer. The electrode material is formed into a slurry using a non-aqueous solvent. The metal chelating polymer may be a reaction product of a polyphenolic polymer; an aldehyde, a ketone, or mixtures thereof; and an amine. The electrode material slurry is deposited on a current collector and dried to form a positive electrode in a secondary lithium ion battery. The deposited electrode material has high flexibility, adhesion to the current collector, resistance to electrolyte damage, and low electrical resistance. The electrode material forms a superior positive electrode at a relatively low additional cost and with no increase in process complexity.

Abstract: A chromium-free aqueous treatment solution for coating metal surfaces which meets corrosion resistance, electrical contact resistance, and paint adhesion requirements set forth in MIL-DTL-81706B, Class 3. The treatment solution contains a compound of a Group IV-B element, and a vanadium ion. The solution may be inorganic and molybdate-free.

Abstract: A multi-step method for anti-corrosion pretreatment of components made from metallic materials, in which a wet chemical treatment with an aqueous composition (A) containing a dissolved and/or dispersed polymer P, which is substituted with heterocycles containing at least one quaternary nitrogen heteroatom, is followed by a conversion treatment based on water-soluble compounds of the elements Zr, Ti, and/or Si before further anti-corrosion coatings are optionally applied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical conversion liquid for zinc or zinc alloy bases, which contains 2-200 mmol/L of trivalent chromium ions, 1-300 mmol/L of zirconium ions and at least one component selected from among fluorine ions, a water-soluble carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, and which does not contain Co ions and hexavalent chromium ions.

Abstract: A composition for forming a protective film against basic aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, including a crosslinker having, in one molecule, two or more groups at least one selected from the group consisting of a glycidyl group, a terminal epoxy group, an epoxycyclopentyl group, an epoxycyclohexyl group, an oxetanyl group, a vinyl ether group, an isocyanate group, and a blocked isocyanate, a compound having a group of Formula (1): (wherein X1 is a substituent reacting with the crosslinker, R0 is a direct bond or a C1-2 alkylene group, X2 is a C1-2 alkyl group, C1-2 alkoxy group, or fluoro group, a is an integer of 0-2, b is an integer of 1-3, c is an integer of 0-4, and b and c satisfy a relational expression of 1?(b+c)?5) on a side chain or a terminal and having a weight average molecular weight of 800 or more, and an organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to use of an aqueous composition for pretreating can body stock, whereby an inorganic-organic conversion layer is formed, which effects outstanding sliding behavior of the shaped can body stock and in addition offers an outstanding holding primer for subsequent coating. The invention comprises a process in which can body stock which is deep-drawn to form a half-open can cylinder, before further shaping processes, is contacted with an acidic aqueous composition which contains water-soluble inorganic compounds of Zr, Ti, Si, Hf or Ce, water-soluble polymers having carboxyl groups or hydroxyl groups and also a dispersed wax. Both outer and inner surfaces of metallic can cylinders can be pretreated in the process. The invention also relates to an acidic aqueous composition for use in the pretreatment process, which contains water-soluble polymers selected from condensation products of glycoluril and aldehydes.

Abstract: A surface treatment agent which is chromate-free and which can impart excellent coating adhesion and corrosion resistance to a metal material (in particular, a metal material treated with a phosphate), a surface treatment method that uses the surface treatment agent, and a surface treated metal material that is treated using the method are provided. The agent is for a metal material and contains a water-soluble ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. It is preferable for this surface treatment agent to contain at least one type of metal compound selected from among a water-soluble vanadium compound, a water-soluble titanium compound, a water-soluble zirconium compound and a water-soluble hafnium compound.

Abstract: A control system for cleaning and monitoring a sensor assembly disposed externally on a vehicle is provided and includes a contaminant detection/identification sub-system that measures a resonant frequency of the sensor assembly to detect contaminants disposed on an exposed surface of the sensor assembly. A cleaning sub-system is provided and includes cleaning modes that expel the contaminants from the exposed surface of the sensor assembly. A temperature monitoring device monitors a temperature of an actuator disposed in the sensor assembly and a fault detection device detects faults in the sensor assembly.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film, the method capable of achieving excellent finished appearance and excellent corrosion resistance without affecting electrodeposition coatability even when a part or all of the water-washing step is omitted after chemical conversion treatment, and to provide a coated article.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator membrane having a thickness in the range of 200 nm to 500 nm wherein the thickness may be controlled to within 1%; the membrane being sandwiched between electrodes to create a resonator, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises aluminum thereby minimizing damping due to the weight of the electrode.

Abstract: A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for forming a multilayer coating film, the method being capable of achieving excellent finished appearance and excellent corrosion resistance without affecting electrodeposition coatability even when a part or all of the water-washing step is omitted after chemical conversion treatment, and to provide a coated article.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an array substrate is provided. The manufacturing method includes steps of: forming a first metal layer, a gate electrode layer, a gate electrode insulated layer, a semiconductor layer, a second metal layer, a source electrode layer, and a drain electrode layer on a base substrate in order. The step of forming the gate electrode layer on the first metal layer further includes steps of: depositing a gate electrode metal layer; exposing, developing, and wet etching on the gate electrode metal layer; and removing a photoresist layer. Metal cations are added into a stripper liquid, an electrochemical corrosion potential of which is less than that of the first metal layer, so as to avoid a short line problem.

Abstract: Methods comprising: (a) providing a coating composition comprising a fluoroacid compound of the general formula (I): XpMqFrOs??(I) wherein each of q and r independently represents an integer of 1 to 10; each of p and s independently represents an integer from 0 to 10; X represents at least one cation selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, ammonium, alkaline earth metals and alkali metals; and M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge, and B; (b) contacting a metal substrate with the coating composition; and (c) adding to the coating composition a component selected from the group consisting of fluorine-free compounds of an element M, Group 2 metal compounds, Group 12 metal compounds, Group 13 compounds, Group 14 compounds, and combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for anti-corrosion treatment of components produced from aluminum, comprising a pre-treatment stage and subsequent painting. The pre-treatment stage includes steps of pickling and passivation wherein passivation of the components includes contacting them with an acidic, aqueous composition based on water-soluble compounds of the elements Zr and/or Ti. The pickling and passivation are coordinated with each other so that a re-dosing of active components of the passivation solution can occur in substantial parts from the pickling solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical film including a transparent film, and a coating layer on at least one surface of the transparent film, wherein the coating layer is formed using a water-dispersible coating composition comprising a polymer resin including a hydroxyl group; at least one cross-linking agent selected from the group consisting of a titanate-based cross-linking agent and a zirconate-based cross-linking agent; and water-dispersible fine particles, and a polarizing plate including the same.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for depositing improved zirconium oxide conversion coatings, as well as compositions capable of depositing an adherent zirconium oxide conversion coating on a substrate in the absence of prior cleaning are provided.

Abstract: A method for making an environmentally-safe chromium based corrosion resistant coating includes pre-treating a metal substrate, immersing the metal substrate in a trivalent chromium bath which does not contain hexavalent chromium, post-treating the coated metal substrate with an oxidizer, and curing the coated metal substrate in a controlled environment.

Abstract: A method for producing a wear and corrosion resistant WC based material coated with one or more metals selected from group IVB, VB and VIB metals (according to CAS system) and Al is disclosed. The method comprises treating of said coated structure with electrochemical boriding treatment in an electrolyte which is substantially free of halogenated compounds wherein the electrolyte comprises alkali carbonates and boron sources and said electrolyte being heated during electrolysis under an induction heating regime having electromagnetic frequency ranging from 50 to 300 kHz during electrolysis.

Abstract: Various compositions and methods are disclosed for treatment of heat tints on stainless steel surfaces that allow for simultaneous pickling and passivation of stainless steel. Moreover, contemplated compositions and methods are free or substantially free of hydrofluoric acid and can be applied in various forms at different temperatures. In further preferred aspects of the inventive subject matter, the compositions contemplated herein include magnesium salts of acids, and especially magnesium salts of hydrofluoric and nitric acid, most typically in an aqueous base. Such compositions are significantly safer for a user and disposal. Where desired, additional ingredients may be added, including surfactants, chelators, thickeners, and/or fillers.

Abstract: A method for testing for the presence of a trivalent chromium conversion coating on a metal substrate is provided. According to one embodiment, the method comprises contacting a surface of the metal substrate with at least one solvent to generate a test solution, adding an indicator capable of detecting zirconium to the test solution in an amount sufficient to induce a color change of the test solution if zirconium is present in the test solution, and determining whether a color change indicating the presence of the conversion coating occurs in the test solution.

Abstract: Provided is a method for obtaining a chemical conversion coating-treated zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy-plated steel sheet having extremely excellent in corrosion resistance and adhesiveness to a resin coating film. The method is for treating the surface of a zinc-aluminum-magnesium alloy-plated steel sheet with a metal surface treatment agent, in which the metal surface treatment agent contains a compound (A) having a zirconyl ([Zr?O]2+) structure, a vanadium compound (B), a titanium fluorocomplex compound (C), an organic phosphorus compound (Da) containing a phosphoric acid group and/or a phosphonic acid group, an inorganic phosphorus compound (Db), a specific aqueous acrylic resin (E), and an oxazoline group-containing polymer (F) as a curing agent, each in a predetermined amount, and the pH of the metal surface treatment agent is 3 to 6.

Abstract: Provided is a chemical conversion agent that, with respect to an aluminum metal material, etc., contributes to superior corrosion and moisture resistance, contributes to superior adhesion with a laminate film, and contributes to superior hydrofluoric acid and alkali resistance. The chemical conversion agent includes: one or more type of metal element (A) selected from a group comprising of zirconium, titanium, and hafnium; vanadium element (B); and a resin (C). The resin (C) includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin (C1). The ratio (Wa/Wb) of the weight-based total content (Wa) of the metal element (A) relative to the weight-based content (Wb) of vanadium element (B) is 0.1-15, and the ratio ((Wa+Wb)/Wc1) of the weight-based total content (Wa+Wb) of the metal element (A) and the vanadium element (B) relative to the weight-based total content (Wc1) of the polyvinyl alcohol resin (C1) is 0.25-15.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pretreatment composition containing (a) a Group IIIB metal, a Group IVB metal, or combinations thereof; and (b) a compound containing at least six phosphorus-containing acid groups or salts thereof; wherein the molar ratio of (a) to (b) is at least 3:1. Also disclosed are methods of treating a substrate with the pretreatment composition and substrates treated with the pretreatment composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating metal substrates that include contacting the substrate with a pretreatment composition comprising a rare earth metal and a zirconyl compound. The present invention also relates to coated substrates produced thereby and further to substrates additionally coated with an electrophoretically applied coating composition.

Abstract: A pretreatment composition for metal that provides enhanced corrosion resistance, enhanced paint adhesion and reduced chip damage to a wide variety of metal substrates. The pretreatment is also cleaner because it is based on zirconium rather than zinc phosphates. The pretreatment coating composition in use preferably comprises 50 to 300 parts per million (ppm) zirconium, 0 to 100 ppm of SiO2, 150-2000 ppm of total fluorine and 10-100 ppm of free fluorine, 150 to 10000 ppm of zinc and 10 to 10000 ppm of an oxidizing agent and has a pH of 3.0 to 5.0, preferably about 4.0. The coating composition can optionally include 0 to 50 ppm of copper. The suitable oxidizing agents can be selected from a large group.

Abstract: The pretreatment agent for use before forming a coat by paint application of the present invention contains (A) one or more metal elements selected from a group consisting of zirconium, titanium and hafnium, (B) fluorine, (C) one or more coupling agents selected from an amino group-containing silane coupling agent, its hydrolyzate, and its polymer, and (D) a component of at least one of an allylamine and a polyallylamine, in which the ratio by mass of the coupling agent (C) to the component (D), (C/D) is 1 or more. The coating method by paint application of the present invention includes a chemical conversion treatment step of chemically treating a metal substrate with the pretreatment agent, and a step of forming a coat by paint application on the chemically-treated metal substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a chemical conversion treatment solution for metal surfaces, which enables the formation of a chemical conversion coating film having excellent corrosion resistance and adhesion properties on metal base materials even though the solution does not contain chromium and fluorine, comprising at least one compound (A) selected from a water-soluble titanium compound and a water-soluble zirconium compound and an organic compound (B) that has multiple functional groups and can serve as a stabilizing agent, and which has a pH value of 2.0 to 6.5, wherein the content of the compound (A) is 0.1 to 10 mmol/L, and the content of the organic compound (B) is 2.5- to 10-fold larger than the content of the metal in the compound (A) by mole; and a method for treating the surface of a metal base material or a structure or body using the chemical conversion treatment solution for metal surfaces.

Abstract: A chemical conversion agent which is capable of providing, for example, an aluminum-based metal material with excellent corrosion resistance and moisture resistance, while also providing the aluminum-based metal material with excellent adhesion with a laminate film, excellent hydrofluoric acid resistance, and excellent alkali resistance. The chemical conversion agent has (1) a mass concentration of zirconium of 5-5,000 ppm by mass; (2) a mass concentration of titanium is 5-5,000 ppm by mass; (3) a mass concentration of vanadium is 10-1,000 ppm by mass; (4) a mass concentration of a metal stabilizer is 5-5,000 ppm by mass; and (5) the pH is 2-6.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine in which an anodic oxide film (10) is formed on part or all of a wall surface facing a combustion chamber, the anodic oxide film (10) has a thickness of 30 ?m to 170 ?m, the anodic oxide film (10) has first micropores (1a) having a micro-size diameter, nanopores having a nano-size diameter and second micropores (1b) having a micro-size diameter, the first micropores (1a) and the nanopores extending from a surface of the anodic oxide film (10) toward an inside of the anodic oxide film (10) in a thickness direction of the anodic oxide film (10) or substantially the thickness direction, the second micropores (1b) being provided inside the anodic oxide film (10), at least part of the first micropores (1a) and the nanopores are sealed with a seal (2) converted from a sealant (2), and at least part of the second micropores (1b) are not sealed.

Abstract: Disclosed are pretreatment compositions and associated methods for treating metal substrates with pretreatment compositions, including ferrous substrates, such as cold rolled steel and electrogalvanized steel. The pretreatment composition includes: (a) a group IIIB and/or IVB metal; (b) free fluorine; (c) a source of aluminum ions; and (d) water. The methods include contacting the metal substrates with the pretreatment composition.

Abstract: A surface treatment method capable of imparting exceptional corrosion resistance and moisture resistance to an NB heat exchanger. The method includes subjecting an NB heat exchanger to a chemical conversion treatment to form a chemical conversion film on the surface thereof using a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains zirconium and/or titanium in a total amount of 5-5,000 ppm by weight, vanadium in an amount of 10-1,000 ppm by weight, and has a pH of 2-6; bringing the NB heat exchanger on whose surface the chemical conversion film is formed into contact with a hydrophilization agent containing a hydrophilic resin and a guanidine compound and/or a salt thereof; and baking the NB heat exchanger subjected to the contacting process, whereby a hydrophilic film is formed on the surface thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for treating and coating a ferrous metal substrate, such as cold rolled steel, hot rolled steel, and electrogalvanized steel. These methods include contacting the ferrous metal substrate with an aqueous pretreatment composition comprising: (a) a Group IIIB and/or IVB metal compound; (b) phosphate ions; and (c) water. Also disclosed are off-shift methods of removing iron from the pretreatment bath.

Abstract: The invention relates to an at least two-stage method for corrosion protection treatment of metal surfaces, wherein, in a first step (i), an organic coating comprising an aqueous phase (A) is applied to the metal surface and, in a following step (ii), the organic coating applied to the metal surface contacted with an acidic, aqueous composition (B) comprising at least one or more water-soluble compounds containing at least one atom selected from the elements Zr, Ti, Si, Hf, V and/or Ce and one or more water-soluble compounds that release copper ions. The invention further comprises a metal component that is at least partially made of steel, iron, zinc and/or aluminum and the alloys thereof and has been treated by the method according to the invention, and to the use thereof in automobile construction and in the construction industry and for producing household appliances and electronics housings.

Abstract: A metal surface treatment method for a metal base material in order to improve the uniformity of a cathodic electrodeposition coating film, the method including: a surface treatment step for forming a chemical conversion film on a metal base material by contacting the metal base material with a metal surface treatment composition including zirconium and/or titanium ions and an adhesive imparting agent characterized in being at least one selected from the group consisting of (A) silicon-containing compound, (B) adhesive imparting metal ion, and (C) adhesive imparting resin; and a heating/drying step to heat and dry the metal base material, on which the chemical conversion film is formed, at 60° C. to 190° C. for at least 30 seconds.

Abstract: A composition for application to a metal substrate comprising at least one metallate compound comprising hexafluorzirconate, zirconyl nitrate, and/or yttrium nitrate is provided. The composition may further comprise additives that promote corrosion resistance of the metal substrate, or the adhesion of subsequent coatings, such as one or more rare earth element salts; allontoin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, surfactants, and other additives and co-inhibitors. A metal substrate such as an aluminum or an aluminum alloy substrate coated with a metallate composition according to the present invention is also provided. A process for preparing a coating on a metal substrate to improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate or improve the adhesion of a subsequent coating is also provided. The process comprises treating the metal substrate with an aqueous solution comprising a metallate compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for application of a multifunctional coating to the surface of a workpiece made from aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The invention further relates to a workpiece, which may be produced by such a method.

Abstract: Provided is a film formation composition for improving the blackening of the surface of a steel sheet, particularly, the surface of a steel sheet containing Mg on the surface thereof, such as a Mg sheet, a plated steel sheet having a plated layer comprising Mg, and the like, a steel sheet comprising a film formed by the composition, and a method for forming the film. Provided are a film formation composition for preventing the blackening of the surface of the steel sheet, comprising: 2.5-7.5 parts by weight of a water-soluble phenoxy resin; 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of a fluorometal acid; 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of a metal compound; and 1-5 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent.

Abstract: A conversion coating composition including a conducting polymer dispersion, at least one silane and inorganic metallic salts, wherein a pH of the composition is between 1.0 and 6.0, and wherein the inorganic metallic salts include at least one zirconium salt and at least one cerium nitrate salt.

Abstract: A metal surface treatment method for a metal base material in order to improve the uniformity of a cathodic electrodeposition coating film, the method including: a surface treatment step for forming a chemical conversion film on a metal base material by contacting the metal base material with a metal surface treatment composition including zirconium and/or titanium ions and an adhesive imparting agent characterized in being at least one selected from the group consisting of (A) silicon-containing compound, (B) adhesive imparting metal ion, and (C) adhesive imparting resin; and a heating/drying step to heat and dry the metal base material, on which the chemical conversion film is formed, at 60° C. to 190° C. for at least 30 seconds.

Abstract: A metal material is contacted with a treatment solution containing zirconium and/or titanium compound, and a polyamine compound having a number average molecular weight from 150 to 500,000 and containing from 0.1 mmol to 17 mmol of primary and/or secondary amino group per 1 g of solid content and at least one siloxane unit. Concentration of zirconium and/or titanium compound in the metal surface treatment composition is from 10 ppm to 10,000 ppm with respect to the metal element, and mass ratio of the zirconium and/or titanium element is from 0.1 to 100 with respect to the polyamine compound. The metal material is washed with water after contacted by the treatment solution.

Abstract: Provided is a chromium-free chemical conversion treatment technique that makes it possible to form a conversion layer excellent in corrosion resistance and appearance without using fluorine and hydrogen peroxide. The chemical conversion treatment liquid is for forming a conversion layer on zinc or zinc alloy and free of chromium, hydrogen peroxide and fluorine, includes 0.5 g/L to 38 g/L of magnesium, 0.5 g/L to 3.5 g/L of silicon, and 0.36 g/L or more of nitrate ion, contains the silicon as a water-soluble silicate, optionally further includes cobalt at a concentration of 5 g/L or less, and has an aluminum content of 0.08 g/L or less.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention provides a composition useful for passivating a metal surface, in particular a zinciferous surface, comprising, preferably consisting essentially of, most preferably consisting of water and: (A) dissolved phosphate ions; (B) dissolved trivalent chromium ions; (C) dissolved anions of at least one complex fluoride of an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si, Sn, Al, Ge and B; preferably Ti, Si and/or Zr; (D) an optional component of dissolved free fluoride ions; (E) organic acid inhibitor, preferably comprising quaternary ammonium compounds; and, optionally (F) a pH adjusting component; and optionally organic hydroxyl acids.

Abstract: Chromate free treatments and compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating to metal surfaces. Preferred compositions comprise a film forming latex polymer, fluoacid, phosphoric acid, and a polyoxyethylene/oxypropylene block copolymer. The requisite metal surfaces are contacted by the compositions and dried. Rinsing is optional.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous composition and to a method for the anticorrosion conversion treatment of metallic surfaces, particularly metallic materials which are assembled into composite structures, comprising steel or galvanized or alloy-galvanized steel and any combinations thereof, the composite structure being composed at least in part of aluminum or the alloys thereof. The aqueous composition according to the invention is based on a phosphating solution and contains, in addition to water-soluble compounds of zirconium and titanium, a quantity of free fluoride in a ratio that both permits phosphating of the steel and galvanized and/or alloy-galvanized steel surfaces and determines low pickling rates of the aluminum substrate with simultaneous passivation of the aluminum.

Abstract: Disclosed are replenisher compositions and methods of replenishing pretreatment compositions. The methods include adding a replenisher composition to a pretreatment composition wherein the replenisher composition includes: (a) a dissolved complex metal fluoride ion wherein the metal ion comprises a Group IIIA metal, Group IVA metal, Group IVB metal, or combinations thereof; (b) a component comprising an oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate of Group IIIA, Group IVA, Group IVB metals, or combinations thereof; and optionally (c) a dissolved metal ion comprising a Group IB metal, Group IIB metal, Group VIIB metal, Group VIII metal, Lanthanide Series metal, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the application of an aqueous treatment solution onto the surface of a steel strip that is moved, at a prespecified strip speed, in a direction of movement of the strip, with the following steps: drying of the moving steel strip with a gas flow; application of the aqueous solution on at least one surface of the steel strip with a rotary sprayer with several spray rotors that are situated next to one another, transverse to the direction of movement of the strip, to which the aqueous treatment solution is supplied and which are rotated by a drive, so as to spray the treatment solution, as a result of centrifugal force, in the form of a spray jet, onto the surface of the steel strip and, there, to form a wet film of the aqueous treatment solution; equalization of the applied wet film of the aqueous treatment solution by driven smoothing rollers; and drying of the applied wet film of the aqueous treatment solution.

Abstract: A process for passivation of strip steel plate, having the following steps: electrochemical treatment of the black plate by passing the black plate through an electrolyte to form an inert steel surface; rinsing the black plate; and application of an aqueous chromium-free treatment solution to at least one surface of the black plate to form a conversion layer that protects against corrosion and an adhesion layer for paints and organic coating materials. The black plate treated in accordance with this process is characterized by high corrosion resistance and has good bonding capacity for paints and organic coatings and therefore is very suitable as a substitute for tin-free steel (TFS or ECCS) and tinplate for the production of packagings, in particular cans. In contrast to the traditional manufacturing and passivation processes for tin-free steel and tinplate, no chromium VI, which is environmentally hazardous and hazardous to health, is used in this process.

Abstract: A metal surface treatment method for a metal base material in order to improve the uniformity of a cathodic electrodeposition coating film, the method including: a surface treatment step for forming a chemical conversion film on a metal base material by contacting the metal base material with a metal surface treatment composition including zirconium and/or titanium ions and an adhesive imparting agent characterized in being at least one selected from the group consisting of (A) silicon-containing compound, (B) adhesive imparting metal ion, and (C) adhesive imparting resin; and a heating/drying step to heat and dry the metal base material, on which the chemical conversion film is formed, at 60° C. to 190° C. for at least 30 seconds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wet-chemical pretreatment of zinc surfaces prior to applying a corrosion-protection coating, which deposits a thin inorganic coating of oxide and/or metallic iron. An iron layer structure which is applied according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as ferrization, improves the achievable corrosion protection of wet-chemical conversion coatings on zinc surfaces. Furthermore, the ferrization process causes both a reduction of the contact corrosion of joined metal components which have zinc and iron surfaces as well as a reduction of corrosive coating migration on cut edges of galvanized steel strips with coating layer structures. In particular, the invention relates to an alkaline composition containing an iron ion source, a reducing agent based on oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus, and water-soluble organic carboxylic acids with an amino group at the ?, ?, or ? position with respect to the acid group and/or the water-soluble salts thereof.