Abstract: A method of inhibiting corrosion of metal which will be in contact with aqueous, and possibly acidic, solution comprises contacting the metal with a corrosion inhibiting composition containing more than 30% by weight of one or more organic corrosion inhibiting constituents which are water-insoluble hydrophobic material, and a corrosion inhibitor which contains one or more polymerisable groups containing double or triple bonded carbon, before contacting the metal with the aqueous solution. The method may be used to protect coiled tubing used for matrix acidizing of an oil well by propelling a slug of the corrosion inhibiting composition along the coiled tubing before pumping acid through the tubing.

Abstract: A system and method for bonding an electrically conductive mechanical interconnector (e.g., a bonding wire, solder, etc.) to an electrical contact (e.g., contact pad, termination on a printed circuit board (PCB), etc.) made from an electrically conductive metal (e.g., aluminum) on an electronic device (e.g., integrated circuit (IC), die, wafer, PCB, etc.) is provided. The electrical contact is chemically coated with a metal (e.g., cobalt) that provides a protective barrier between the mechanical interconnector and the electrical contact. The protective barrier provides a diffusion barrier to inhibit galvanic corrosion (i.e. ion diffusion) between the mechanical interconnector and the electrical contact.

Abstract: An electrical steel sheet (1) includes a base material (2) of electrical steel, and an insulating film (3) formed on a surface of the base material (2). Three conditions (1.8?3[Fe]/[P]+?nM[M]/[P]?3.6, 0.6??nM[M]/[P]?2.4, and 0.6?3[Fe]/[P]?2.4) are satisfied in a region of 50 area % or more of a cross section parallel to a thickness direction of the insulating film. [Fe] denotes a proportion (atom %) of Fe, [P] denotes a proportion (atom %) of P, [M] denotes a proportion (atom %) of each of Al, Zn, Mg and Ca, and nM denotes a valence of each of Al, Zn, Mg and Ca.

Abstract: Novel slurry formulations and processes for forming improved protective coatings used in the hot section components of gas turbine engines are provided. The process includes a unique two-step deposition methodology whereby the required concentration of reactive element within an improved reactive element doped aluminide coating can be consistently produced in a reproducible manner.

Abstract: A solar collector is provided that has a base material and a nanostructured layer integrated into the base material so as to form a light-absorbing surface. The nanostructured layer has nanoparticles of an inorganic material.

Abstract: Air-stable coated particles, which include an oxidizable core having a coating substantially encompassing the oxidizable core, where the coating comprises a first organic ligand and/or a second organic ligand, are disclosed and described. The coated particles can also be substantially free of an oxide layer, especially oxide layers around the oxidizable core. As such, the coating of organic ligand(s) acts as a protective or passivating coating. The air-stable coated particles can be formed via a particle size-reduction process. An oxidizable particulate can be crushed and contacted with a first organic ligand and subsequently with a second organic ligand. The process conditions are maintained such that an oxide layer is preempted from forming on the oxidizable core. Such materials can be effective as high energy density additives for various fuels, pyrotechnic, ionic liquids, and rocket propellant applications and for biomedical applications.

Abstract: Air-stable coated particles which include an oxidizable core having an organic ligand coating substantially encompassing the oxidizable core, are disclosed and described. The coated particles can also be substantially free of an oxide layer, especially oxide layers around the oxidizable core. As such, the organic ligand coating acts as a protective or passivating coating. The air-stable coated particles can be formed via a particle size-reduction process. An oxidizable particulate can be crushed and contacted with an organic ligand. The process conditions are maintained such that an oxide layer is preempted from forming on the oxidizable core. Such materials can be effective as high energy density additives for various fuels, pyrotechnic, ionic liquids, and rocket propellant applications and for biomedical applications.

Abstract: A surface-passivated lithium metal, which has a composite top layer containing or consisting of at least two poorly soluble components containing lithium. Production of the surface-passivated lithium metal such that lithium metal below 180° C., thus in the solid state, is transformed into an inert, aprotic solvent with a passivating agent of the general formula Li[P(C2O4)?x/2 Fx] where x=0, 2, or 4 is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process includes patterning a surface of a platinum group metal-based electrode by contacting the electrode with an adsorbate to form a patterned platinum group metal-based electrode including platinum group metal sites blocked with adsorbate molecules and platinum group metal sites which are not blocked.

Abstract: A coated metal surface is disclosed, with a chemically-bonded film of long-chain organic groups. Such coating may be hydrophobic, and therefore repel the presence of water. This allows the surface to resist corrosion and surface oxidation, without diminishing the desired metallic characteristics of the surface. Further disclosed are methods for applying and coating on various substrates. Such coating may be advantageously applied to protect metals from corrosive environments such as air, water, chemicals, and bodily fluids.

Abstract: A vanadate solution for conversion treating of surface of a magnesium alloy workpiece contains 8.20×104 to 8.20×10?2 mol/liter of metavanadate ion, 1.18×104 to 1.18×10?2 mol/liter of a polyhydroxylated aromatic compound, and balance of water. The pH value of the vanadate solution exceeds 1 and is less than 4. A method for preparing the vanadate solution is also provided.

Abstract: An organic solderability preservative (OSP) composition comprising an alkyl cyclic alcohol and an azole compound having enhanced composition stability against crystallization of the azole compound.

Abstract: A surface-conditioning composition can form a denser phosphate coating film having more satisfactory coating weight on the surface of a metal material compared to a conventional one and, therefore, can reduce the electrolytic corrosion of a metal material during a chemical conversion treatment, form a chemical conversion coating film having a satisfactory coating weight even when applied to a hardly convertible metal material (e.g., an aluminum metal material, a high tensile strength steel plate), improve the productivity rate of the chemical conversion treatment, resulting in the reduction of the time required for the chemical conversion treatment, and enables a metal phosphate particle to be dispersed in a surface-conditioning solution highly stably. This composition includes a particle of a phosphate of a bivalent or trivalent metal and has a pH value ranging from 3 to 12. The particle has a D50 value of 3 ?m or less.

Abstract: An adhesion promotion process and composition for enhancing adhesion between a copper conducting layer and a dielectric material during manufacture of a printed circuit board. The composition contains a corrosion inhibitor, an inorganic acid, and an alcohol which is effective to increase copper-loading in the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the carboxylation conversion of a metal surface under oxidising conditions in relation to the metal, consisting in bringing the metal into contact with a hydro-organic or aqueous bath containing a mixture of organic acids. The invention is characterised in that; the organic acids comprise saturated linear carboxylic acids having between 10 and 18 carbon atoms; the mixture comprises a binary or ternary mixture of such acids; the respective proportions of said acids are such that (i) for a binary mixture x±5%?y±5%, wherein x and y represent the respective proportions, in molar percentages, of the two acids in a mixture with the composition of the eutectic and (ii) for a ternary mixture x±3%?y±3%?z±3%, wherein x, y and z represent the respective proportions, in molar percentages, of the three acids in a mixture with the composition of the eutectic; and the concentration of the mixture in the bath is greater than or equal to 20 g/l.

Abstract: A slurry and slurry coating process for forming a diffusion aluminide coating on a substrate, including internal surfaces within the substrate. The process involves preparing a slurry of a powder containing a metallic aluminum alloy having a melting temperature higher than aluminum, an activator capable of forming a reactive halide vapor with the metallic aluminum, and a binder containing an organic polymer. The slurry is applied to surfaces of the substrate, which is then heated to burn off the binder, vaporize and react the activator with the metallic aluminum to form the halide vapor, react the halide vapor at the substrate surfaces to deposit aluminum on the surfaces, and diffuse the deposited aluminum into the surfaces to form a diffusion aluminide coating. The process can be tailored to selectively produce an inward or outward-type coating. The binder burns off to form an ash residue that can be readily removed.

Abstract: Rinsing or sealing solutions comprising a rare earth element and a valence stabilizer for barrier films. The treated films contain a rare earth/valence stabilizer complex. The rare earth element is selected from cerium, praseodymium, terbium, or combinations thereof, and at least one rare earth element is in the tetravalent oxidation state. The rinsing or sealing solution may also contain an optional preparative or solubility control agent. The oxidized rare earth element is present in the coating in a “sparingly soluble” form. The valence stabilizers can be either inorganic or organic in nature. A number of rare earth/valence stabilizer combinations that match the performance of conventional hexavalent chromium systems are presented.

Abstract: A corrosion-inhibiting pigment comprising a rare earth element and a valence stabilizer combinded to form a rare earth/valence stabilizer complex. The rare earth element is selected from cerium, terbium, praseodymium, or a combination thereof, and at least one rare earth element is in the tetravalent oxidation state. An inorganic or organic material is used to stabilize the tetravalent rare earth ion to form a compound that is sparingly soluble in water. Specific stabilizers are chosen to control the release rate of tetravalent cerium, terbium, or praseodymium during exposure to water and to tailor the compatibility of the powder when used as a pigment in a chosen binder system. Stabilizers may also modify the processing and handling characteristics of the formed powders. Many rare earth-valence stabilizer combinations are presented that can equal the performance of conventional hexavalent chromium systems.

Abstract: An adhesion promotion process and composition for enhancing adhesion between a copper conducting layer and a dielectric material during manufacture of a printed circuit board. The composition contains a corrosion inhibitor, an inorganic acid, and an alcohol which is effective to increase copper-loading in the composition.

Abstract: A process is described for treating metal surfaces with a composition comprising an oxidizer, an acid, a corrosion inhibitor, an unsaturated alkyl substituted with an aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic groups, and optionally but preferably a source of adhesion enhancing species selected from the group consisting of molybdates, tungstates, tantalates, niobates, vanadates, isopoly or heteropoly acids of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, and combinations of any of the foregoing, an organic nitro compound, and a source of halide ions in order to increase the adhesion of polymeric materials to the metal surface.

Abstract: A composition for treating the surface of a ferrous metal. The composition comprises aluminum sulfate, boric acid or a boric acid precursor, and polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof. Treatment of the ferrous metal with an aqueous solution of the composition at elevated temperature and low pH provides a coating that imparts lubricity to the metal, thereby facilitating metalworking processes such as drawing for wire production.

Abstract: Aluminium alloy sheet having on a surface anodic oxide film and an overlying coating consisting essentially of at least one adhesion promoter excluding silanes. Sheet for architectural use carries a paint layer over the adhesion promoter coating. Sheet for automobile use may carry an electroconductive paint primer layer over the adhesion promoter coating. Preferred adhesion promoters are polyacrylic acid and pretreatments containing Cr, Mn, Mo, Si, Ti, Zr and F values.

Abstract: A method for coating zinc, zinc plated, or steel articles with a hydroxy benzoic acid protective coating by coating a cleaned zinc, zinc plated, or steel with a hydoxy benzoic acid composition having a pH of about 2.0 to 5.0; and coating cleaned tin surfaced articles with a composition having a PH of 2.0 to 12.0, and the composition having as its essential ingredients proteins, amino acids, amino acid—protein compounds and amine alcohols; and the articles produced thereby along with the coated articles having an appropriate paint thereon.

Abstract: A rustproofing agent for a zinc plated steel sheet is provided which contains (A) a chromium aqueous solution containing an organic substance and (B) an acid metal such as a metal salt of nitric acid or phosphoric acid. All of the chromium in the chromium aqueous solution of component. A is trivalent chromium. It is preferable if the organic substance in component A contains at least one type of oxy acid or oxide thereof. The metal in the acid metal salt of component B is an alkaline earth metal, cobalt, nickel, iron, zirconium, titanium, etc. It is also preferable if (C) a water-dispersible silica is contained as an additional component. The present invention also provides a zinc plated steel sheet, in which at least one side of the surface of a zinc plated steel sheet is coated with the zinc plated steel sheet rustproofing agent and the rustproofing agent dried to form a coating with a dry coating weight of 0.01 to 3 g/m2.

Abstract: A process is described for treating metal surfaces with a composition comprising an oxidizer, an acid, a corrosion inhibitor, an unsaturated alkyl substituted with an aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic groups, and optionally but preferably a source of adhesion enhancing species selected from the group consisting of molybdates, tungstates, tantalates, niobates, vanadates, isopoly or heteropoly acids of molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, and combinations of any of the foregoing, an organic nitro compound, and a source of halide ions in order to increase the adhesion of polymeric materials to the metal surface.

Abstract: An aqueous solution for producing a conversion layer on metal surfaces, which has a pH in the range 1.5 to 6 and which contains the complex fluorides of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si and/or B, in an amount such that the concentration of Ti, Zr, Hf, Si and/or B is 20 to 500 mg/l, and 0.1 to 2 g/l of adhesion-promoting lacquer additives and wherein the composition of the aqueous solution is selected so that no crystalline zinc-containing phosphate layer is produced on the metallic surface.

Abstract: An agent suitable for use in preparing metal surfaces, especially surfaces containing aluminum, is provided which contains at least one water-soluble vanadium compound, at least one titanium-containing or zirconium-containing water-soluble complex fluoride, and at least one resin. The agent is capable of forming a strongly rust preventive base coating that is highly adherent for top coats and bonded films.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound, non-chromium conversion coating for a part formed from an aluminum alloy. The coating is formed by providing a first solution containing an anodic inhibitor species, providing a second solution containing a cathodic corrosion inhibitor species, and immersing the part to be coated in a first one of the first and second solutions and thereafter in a second one of the first and second solutions. Suitable anodic inhibitor species include tungstates, permanganates, vanadates, molybdates, and mixtures thereof. Suitable cathodic corrosion inhibitors include cobalt, cerium, other lanthanide elements, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the conversion coating is formed using a cerium containing solution and a tungstate containing solution.

Abstract: A rolling apparatus has a surface-treated rolling member composed of a metallic rolling element and a metallic race element which have been used with a lubricant, in which the surface of at least one of the rolling element and the race element has a reaction product subsurface layer containing phosphorus and oxygen and having a thickness of from about 30 to 600 nm, where the reaction product subsurface layer has been produced by reaction between the metallic component of the rolling element or the race element and an organic phosphorus compound. The lubricant contains, as an extreme pressure component, an organic phosphorus compound; the lubricant contains the organic phosphorus compound at a concentration of 10 to 10,000 ppm in terms of phosphorus; and the lubricant is present between the metallic contact surfaces of the rolling member and the race element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface for prolonged use as a liquid mirror. The method of the invention comprises the steps of (a) contacting the surface of liquid gallium or gallium alloy with an aqueous solution of a halogenic acid to cause dissolution of any gallium oxide present on the surface, thereby obtaining an oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface covered with a layer of the acid solution; (b) adding to the acid solution an aqueous solution of a surfactant present in an amount to form a single bimolecular layer of surfactant at an interface between the liquid gallium or gallium alloy and water; and (c) allowing a uniform passivating oxide layer to gradually form on the oxide-free liquid gallium or gallium alloy surface, the passivating oxide layer having surface irregularities smaller than 40 nm.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous agent for treating metal surfaces capable of degreasing and forming a zinc phosphate coat simultaneously. The present metal surface treating agent includes an aqueous solution that includes water and a water-soluble organic solvent where the amount of water is larger than the amount of the water-soluble organic solvent; phosphate ions; nitrate ions; and zinc ions.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an aqueous agent for treating metal surfaces that can carry out degreasing and forming a zinc phosphate coat simultaneously.

Abstract: A method of modifying a surface is disclosed. The method includes contacting the surface with a hydridosilane under conditions and for a time sufficient to form a covalent bond between a silicon atom of the hydridosilane and the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group on the surface. The hydridosilane has the formula where at least one of Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd is H, and at least one of Ra, Rb, Rc, and Rd is not H.

Abstract: A method, a composition and a method for making the composition for increasing the corrosion resistance of a magnesium or magnesium alloy surface is disclosed. The composition is a water/organic solution of one or more hydrolyzed silanes. By binding silane moieties to the magnesium surface, an anti-corrosion coating on a magnesium workpiece is produced. A complementary method, composition and method for preparing the composition for treating a metal surface to increase corrosion resistance is disclosed. The composition is an aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution with a non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A direct displacement plating process provides a uniform, adherent coating of a relatively stable metal (e.g., nickel) on a highly reactive metal (e.g., aluminum) that is normally covered with a recalcitrant oxide layer. The displacement reaction proceeds, preferably in a nonaqueous solvent, as the oxide layer is dissolved by a fluoride activator. Halide anions are used to provide high solubility, to serve as an anhydrous source of stable metal ions, and to control the rate of the displacement reaction. A low concentration of activator species and little or no solution agitation are used to cause depletion of the activator species within pores in the surface oxide so that attack of the reactive metal substrate is minimized. Used in conjunction with electroless nickel deposition to thicken the displacement coating, this process can be used to render aluminum pads on IC chips solderable without the need for expensive masks and vacuum deposition operations.

Abstract: Slurry coating compositions are provided for metal substrates, particularly nickel or cobalt-containing alloys, that enable inward-type diffusion aluminide coatings having a substantially uniform coating thickness to be formed thereon. Substantially uniform coating thicknesses are achieved independent of applied slurry composition thickness or application method. The slurry coating composition of the invention comprises a Cr—Al alloy containing about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % Cr in the alloy, LiF in an amount greater than or equal to 0.3 wt % of the Cr—Al alloy, an organic binder, and a solvent.

Abstract: The adhesion between a metal surface, e.g., a copper circuit trace, and a polymeric material, e.g.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibiting admixture for concrete is disclosed comprising a combination of organic (amines) and inorganic (nitrites) fractions that provide a synergistic effect when present at a specific ratio. Such a synergistic effect occurs when the amine:nitrite ratio (% by weight) is between 1.5 to 2.5 resulting in the admixture providing excellent corrosion inhibiting capabilities.

Abstract: The formation of passivation coatings on ferrous substrates is disclosed by heating the substrate in an aqueous 1.0 to 6.0 M basic metal hydroxide treatment bath containing SiO2 and a water-soluble glycol, at a temperature that is effective to form a passivation coating on the substrate until the passivation coating is formed thereon, wherein the treatment bath contains from about 0.25 to about 1.0 moles of SiO2 per liter of glycol and water. Acmite passivation coatings formed by this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a bath for protecting a Zn or Zn alloy surface against the corrosion and oxidation and for improving the wettability characteristics of a Zn or Zn alloy surface with a Sn solder alloy. The method is particularly useful in the manufacture of electronic components, when the deposition of a thin layer of Zn or Zn alloy is needed before the deposition of the Sn alloy (particularly Pb free) to improve the solderability characteristics of the Cu surface.

Abstract: Metal surfaces, particularly copper surfaces, which are oxidatively micro-etched to increase surface area, are provided acid-resistance by exposure to a thiazole compound and/or a thiocarbamide compound. The thiazole compound and/or thiocarbamide compound may be provided either in the oxidative micro-etching solution or provided in a post-micro-etching solution.

Abstract: Slurry coating compositions are provided for metal substrates, particularly nickel or cobalt-containing alloys, that enable inward-type diffusion aluminide coatings having a substantially uniform coating thickness to be formed thereon. Substantially uniform coating thicknesses are achieved independent of applied slurry composition thickness or application method. The slurry coating composition of the invention comprises a Cr--Al alloy containing about 50 wt % to about 80 wt % Cr in the alloy, LiF in an amount greater than or equal to 0.3 wt % of the Cr--Al alloy, an organic binder, and a solvent.

Abstract: To inhibit the blackening of zinciferous metal-plated steel sheet while also generating a good corrosion resistance, fingerprint resistance, and chromium fixation ratio for the steel sheet, it is coated with an aqueous liquid composition that has a pH not exceeding 2.5 and contains hexavalent chromium ion, trivalent chromium ion, nickel ion, inorganic acid (preferably phosphoric acid), and film-forming resin, with a weight ratio between the nickel content and the total chromium content of 0.05 to 1, and the liquid coating is dried onto the treated metalsurface to form a blackening resistant coating that contains from 0.1 to 10 g/m.sup.2 resin and from 2 to 150 mg/m.sup.2 of total chromium.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the introduction of alloying compounds into a metal substrate using a laser energy source is disclosed. The compositions comprise a viscous fluid mixture of a powdered silicate mineral composite, a powdered metallic or semi-metallic compound and a water insoluble or slightly water soluble liquid component capable of supporting a dispersion of the powdered silicate mineral composite and the powdered metallic or semi-metallic compound therein. The composition may be sprayed in bulk onto large surface areas of a metal substrate in need of repair prior to laser irradiation.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid composition for treating the surface of copper-containing metals is a dispersion and/or solution in water and organic solvent, at least one silane coupling agent having a functional moiety selected from vinyl, mercapto, amino and glycidyloxy moieties bonded to one carbon atom in the silane coupling agent and other epoxy moieties bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms in the silane coupling agent and at least one copper inhibitor compound selected from azoles, azines, aromatic secondary amines, and aromatic diacylhydrazides. Treatment with this composition provides excellent migration resistance, an excellent solder resistance, and a very durable adhesiveness to a variety of copper containing metal surfaces.

Abstract: Aluminum surfaces are protected with increased corrosion resistance by anodize, and sealing with a liquid fatty acid free of flammable solvents, suitably in the presence of a heterocyclic aromatic azole treating agent where the aluminum surface is of a copper containing aluminum alloy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a titanium or titum alloy surface and a primer for use in the method. The method broadly comprises the steps of grit blasting portions of the surface to which an adhesive will be applied and thereafter applying an acid wash primer to the surface portions. The acid wash primer preferably consists essentially of 70% by weight isopropyl alcohol, 5% by weight ethyl alcohol, 15% by weight n-butyl alcohol, 5% by weight zinc chromate and 5% by weight phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly cold rolled steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron, and, optionally, (iii) ionizable hydrogen atoms, and, optionally, (iv) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 1:5;(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A chromium free conversion coating at least equivalent in corrosion protective quality to conventional chromate conversion coatings can be formed on metals, particularly cold rolled steel, by a dry-in-place aqueous acidic liquid comprising:(A) a component of anions, each of said anions consisting of (i) at least four fluorine atoms and (ii) at least one atom of an element selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, silicon, and boron, and, optionally, (iii) ionizable hydrogen atoms, and, optionally, (iv) one or more oxygen atoms;(B) a component of cations of elements selected from the group consisting of cobalt, magnesium, manganese, zinc, nickel, tin, zirconium, iron, and copper; the ratio of the total number of cations of this component to the total number of anions of component (A) being at least 1:5;(C) sufficient free acid to give the composition a pH in the range from 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface bearing a corrosion product including ferrous ions is disclosed. The method comprises applying to the surface a reaction product of an alcohol and a fatty acid maleic anhydride adduct produced by a reaction between maleic anhydride and an unsaturated fatty acid. Related compositions and coated metal surfaces are also disclosed.