Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, articles thereof, and methods of forming compositions. In at least one aspect, a composition includes (1) an epoxy, (2) an amino or amido hardener, (3) a polyaniline, (4) a dopant selected from a triazolyl, a thiazolyl, a quinolinyl, a salicylate, a benzoate, a glycolate, a phosphate, a sulfonate, an oxalate, or combination(s) thereof; and (5) a pigment selected from titanium dioxide, silica, talc, mica, aluminium stearate, or combination(s) thereof. The polyaniline+dopant comprises greater than 6 wt %, by weight of the composition. In at least one aspect, a method includes introducing an acid form of a polyaniline to a hydroxide to form a polyaniline hydroxide. The method includes introducing a dopant to the polyaniline hydroxide to form a doped polyaniline.

Abstract: An article including a metal substrate, a phosphate binding layer, and a fluoropolyether layer. Also disclosed is a process for producing the article which includes (i) treating a surface of the metal substrate with a phosphoric acid derivative to form the phosphate binding layer on the surface of the metal substrate, and (ii) treating a surface of the phosphate binding layer with a fluoropolyether compound having a fluoropolyether group and a carbon-carbon double bond to form the fluoropolyether layer on the surface of the phosphate binding layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a weather resistance improver including a compound (A) and a compound (B), wherein the compound (A) is a compound having the following structure (1), and the compound (B) is a compound having the following structure (2) or a salt thereof. According to the weather resistance improver, it is possible to suppress deterioration of a transparent conductive film using metal nanowires even under any conditions of long-term exposure to sunlight, long-term exposure to artificial light, and high-temperature/high-humidity.

Abstract: In a paste type lubrication between a steel wire rope and a rope groove of a pulley, is applied a paste lubricant which contains oil and small solid particles. Solid particles could be of a wide variety sizes and they are small enough to at least partly fit into the valleys between the peaks of surface roughness of the ropes or the rope groove.

Abstract: Provided are a treatment liquid for a black trivalent chromium conversion coating, and a trivalent chromium-containing water-soluble liquid for finishing treatment, achieving excellent corrosion resistance and scratch resistance without containing a cobalt compound, with high stability and adequate consideration for environmental issues; and a method for treating a metal substrate using the same. The treatment liquid for a black trivalent chromium conversion coating on the surface of a metal substrate contains a trivalent chromium compound, two or more organic acids or organic acid salts, or one or more organic sulfur compounds, and nitrate ions, and contains no cobalt compound.

Abstract: Waterborne suspensions include surface treated silica particles, a water dispersable binder resin, at least one surfactant, and an aqueous solvent. The surface treated silica particles have a mixture of hydrophobic and hydrophilic silane surface treatment agents, where the ratio of hydrophilic silane surface treatment agent to hydrophobic silane surface treatment agent is greater than 1. The waterborne suspensions can be coated and dried to form nanostructured tie layers, especially tie layers to silicone or (meth)acrylate layers.

Abstract: A stable trivalent chromium coating solution can be prepared by heating the chromium coating solution and adjusting the pH of the chromium coating solution. The coating solution can be heated to at least 35° C. for no more than 24 hours. While the solution is hot, a basic or acidic material can be added to increase or reduce the pH to a target value, respectively. In some embodiments, the chromium coating solution can have a pH of 3.5 to 4.0 and the pH can vary no more than ±0.15 while in storage for at least 20 days. The trivalent chromium coating solution can include a fluoride compound, a zirconate compound, a corrosion inhibitor compound, a chelating agent, a phosphorous compound, and/or other compounds.

Abstract: A circumferential coating material which is coated on a circumferential surface of a honeycomb structure monolithically formed by extrusion, to form a circumferential coating layer, the circumferential coating material containing fused silica in a range of 20 to 75 mass %, containing a color developing agent in a range of 5 to 50 mass %, containing colloidal silica in a range of 5 to 30 mass %, and further containing a silicon based water repellent agent in a range of 1 to 10 mass % to a total mass of the fused silica, the color developing agent, and the colloidal silica.

Abstract: Stable hydroquinone compositions that are useful for skin care and can have a shelf life of up to three years are prepared in a tank made from a material that does not release metallic ions into the composition.

Abstract: A liquid chemical for forming a water repellent protecting film on a wafer having at its surface an uneven pattern and containing at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of titanium, tungsten, aluminum, copper, tin, tantalum and ruthenium at surfaces of recessed portions of the uneven pattern, the water repellent protecting film being formed at least on the surfaces of the recessed portions. The liquid chemical is characterized by including: a water repellent protecting film forming agent; and water, and characterized in that the water repellent protecting film forming agent is at least one selected from compounds represented by the following general formula [1] and salt compounds thereof and that the concentration of the water relative to the total quantity of a solvent contained in the liquid chemical is not smaller than 50 mass %.

Abstract: An object is to provide a technique capable of forming a film having a dark black appearance and high corrosion resistance on a zinc plated component in a simple process, and a black coating film-forming vehicle component and/or fastening component that is obtained by: treating a surface of a zinc plated metal substrate with a black chemical conversion treatment agent containing trivalent chromium as an active ingredient, to form a black chemical conversion treatment film having an L value (brightness) of from 33 to 30; coating a black coating composition containing a black pigment in an amount of from 25 to 65% by weight in a thermosetting film-forming component and an alkoxysilane oligomer, on the black chemical conversion treatment film; and heat-curing the black coating composition thus coated.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for forming conversion coatings on a surface of a substrate by contacting a liquid composition to the surface of the substrate at a high temperature (i.e., 400° F. or above).

Abstract: Provided is an evaluation method that provides detailed information on the crosslink densities in sulfur-containing polymer composite materials. The present invention relates to a method of measuring crosslink densities in a sulfur-containing polymer composite material, the method including: a measurement step of irradiating the sulfur-containing polymer composite material with high intensity X-rays and measuring an X-ray absorption spectrum of the composite material while varying the energy of the X-rays; a visualization step of determining the three-dimensional structure of sulfur atoms in the sulfur-containing polymer composite material by the reverse Monte Carlo method from the X-ray absorption spectrum; and a calculation step of calculating, from the three-dimensional structure of sulfur atoms, a crosslink density for each number of sulfur atoms bonded.

Abstract: A method for conversion coating a magnesium-containing surface, the method comprising contacting the magnesium-containing surface with an ionic liquid compound under conditions that result in decomposition of the ionic liquid compound to produce a conversion coated magnesium-containing surface having a substantially improved corrosion resistance relative to the magnesium-containing surface before said conversion coating. Also described are the resulting conversion-coated magnesium-containing surface, as well as mechanical components and devices containing the conversion-coated magnesium-containing surface.

Abstract: Process for passivating metallic surfaces, and a preparation suitable for implementing the process, comprising at least water, an acid, and a copolymer of functionalized (meth)acrylic esters, monomers containing phosphoric and/or phosphonic acid groups, monomers having COOH groups, and, if appropriate, further monomers. Copolymer which comprises said monomers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the heat and corrosion resistance of stainless steel by means of a novel passivation process. This process comprises a chemical treatment with an aqueous solution comprising a complexing agent combination of at least one oxidant, a subsequent rinsing and a subsequent treatment at elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The stainless steel surfaces obtained according to the invention have a homogeneous passive layer having increased chemical resistance and resistance to thermal discoloration.

Abstract: Chromium-free conversion coating treatment solutions and processes for depositing a colored layer on zinc or galvanized steel, aluminum, magnesium or their alloys, are provided comprising: hexafluorotitanate and/or hexafluorozirconate ions; molybdate and/or tungstate ions; one or more chelating complex formers; and a copolymer of alkylene phosphonic or alkylene phosphinic acid and one or more unsaturated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for preparing a hybrid organic-inorganic material (HOIM) with phosphorus-containing bridges between the surface of an inorganic substrate containing an element M and one or more organic groups of the covalent M-O-P-R type, said process using, as a precursor for said organic group or groups, at least one organophosphorus acid halide with formula RxP(O)Xy in which x=1 or 2, y=3?x, X being a halogen and R designating at least one organic alkyl, aryl or aryl-alkyl group. Non-exhaustive applications for the hybrid organic-inorganic material obtained by the process of the invention are in the fields of anti-corrosion, lubrication, microelectronics, nanotechnologies, composite materials, heterogeneous catalysis, supported catalysis, depollution and biomedical applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for passivating metallic surfaces, wherein the metal surface is contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one water-soluble polymer (X) comprising acidic groups and with at least one polyamine (P), the pH of the composition being in the range from 0.5 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention provide a composition for a chemical conversion treatment capable of forming a chemical conversion film having both an excellent black appearance such that the L-value of the film is 28 even when the film is formed from the composition which has been aged, and good corrosion resistance. The composition is a water-soluble composition and comprising a trivalent chromium-containing substance, a cobalt-containing substance, a sulfur compound, and an organic phosphonate compound consisting of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of organic phosphonic acids, ions of organic phosphonic acids, and organic phosphonates, and a nickel-containing substance as needed. It is preferable that the content of the trivalent chromium-containing substance be 1 to 10 g/L in chromium content equivalent, that the content of the cobalt-containing substance be 0.1 to 10 g/L in cobalt content equivalent, that the content of the sulfur compound be 0.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are described for inhibiting corrosion of corrodible metals present in contact with water in cooling water and other water storage systems. The compositions include concentrated stannous salts and agents to solubilize such salts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the heat and corrosion resistance of stainless steel by means of a novel passivation process. This process comprises a chemical treatment with an aqueous solution comprising a complexing agent combination of at least one oxidant, a subsequent rinsing and a subsequent treatment at elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The stainless steel surfaces obtained according to the invention have a homogeneous passive layer having increased chemical resistance and resistance to thermal discoloration.

Abstract: A cathodic protection coating is disclosed that unexpectedly protects a treated metal substrate, notwithstanding the presence of a phosphate-containing conversion coating between the metal substrate and the cathodic protection compound. The cathodic protection coating includes sacrificial metallic particles less noble than metal in the metal substrate to be protected. The coating also includes inherently conductive polymer.

Abstract: An implantable medical device is made more durable and long-lasting by providing a passivating layer or film on at least a portion of a metal or metal alloy outer surface of an electrically conducting device. An insulating layer is placed on the passivating layer or film. The passivation can be a chemical passivation, and is preferably an acid treatment.

Abstract: A container, such as a metered dose inhaler, suitable for use with a propellant-based medicinal formulation, the container comprising one or more treated metal surfaces that come into contact with the medicinal formulation, wherein the one or more treated metal surfaces are characterized by an organic surface treatment compound covalently bonded to the metal surface through a reactive head group selected from either phosphonic acid or carboxylic acid and wherein the organic surface treatment compound is further characterized by an exposed, substantially non-reactive tail group disposed away from the metal surface. Also, metered dose inhaler canisters and valves with treated surfaces.

Abstract: Chromate-free treatments and compositions for applying a conversion or passivation coating for metals, more particularly zinc coated metal surfaces. The methods of the invention comprise contacting the requisite metal surface with a phosphonomethylated polyamine. Other aspects of the invention involve methods and compositions in which the following optional components can be included: fluoacid, silane, inorganic phosphorus, acid, latex film forming component and pH adjustment agent.

Abstract: A treating solution for forming on a surface of either zinc or a zinc alloy a hexavalent-chromium-free trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating which has an even black appearance and satisfactory corrosion resistance. The treating solution has a long treating-bath life. Also provided is a method of forming a black trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating. The aqueous treating solution, which is for forming a black trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating on zinc or a zinc alloy, contains trivalent chromium ions, a phosphoric ester and/or phosphorous ester, and a sulfur compound. The method is a method of chemically treating zinc or a zinc alloy which comprises using the aqueous treating solution to chemically treat the zinc or zinc alloy at a solution temperature of 10-60° C., whereby a black trivalent-chromium chemical conversion coating is formed on the zinc or zinc alloy.

Abstract: A non-carcinogenic corrosion inhibiting additive includes an anodic corrosion inhibitor and/or a cathodic corrosion inhibitor and a solubility enhancer for the inhibitors in the form of a metal complexing agent.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for a covalent ligation of one or more molecules to one or more surfaces, that is site-specific and both rapid and high yielding. The covalent ligation to the surface is based on the reaction of an azide and a phosphinothioester to form an amide bond. The method of the invention is particularly well-suited to the immobilization of peptides, proteins or protein fragments to surfaces.

Abstract: A chromate-free, phosphate-fluoride conversion coating, with or without vanadate, formed on a magnesium or a magnesium alloy substrate, includes an active corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of organo-phosphonic acids. The phosphonic acid group reacts with the magnesium metal of the substrate to form an insoluble salt.

Abstract: The invention involves a composition for forming a combined conversion and lubricating coating on a metal substrate with which the composition is brought into contact. The composition comprises (a) an oxyethylated aliphatic alcohol whose aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety contains 18 or more carbon atoms and (b) dissolved phosphate anions. Preferably the composition also comprises inorganic boron, an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid, and an accelerator for phosphate coating.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for protecting metal products against corrosion, characterised in that it consists in applying directly on the metal products, that is without prior treatment, a composition consisting at least of a film-forming binder, at least a corrosion inhibiting additive reactive with metal and at least an oligomer additive bearing phosphonic acids. The inventive composition is characterised in that it comprises a film-forming binder, at least a corrosion inhibiting additive reactive with metal and at least an oligomer additive bearing phosphonic acids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for protecting a metal surface against corrosion. The method involves applying to the metal surface a coating formulation that comprises a radiation curable resin and a corrosion-responsive agent that is capable of releasing a corrosion-inhibiting ion in response to exposure to ionic species characteristic of those present on a metal surface undergoing oxidative corrosion; and exposing the coating formulation to radiation whereby the radiation curable resin forms a corrosion-resisting coating having a low spontaneous release rate of the corrosion-responsive agent into the environment.

Abstract: A metallic sheet for motor vehicles which is excellent press forming property and chemical layer generation property, and a process for producing the sheet. The treating chemicals apply to a metal surface consists of (A) particles of phosphate of metal selected from Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Ca, Mg and Al, the average size of the particles are 3 &mgr;m or smaller, (B) a dispersing agent, and water. It is applied to a metal surface and then dried. Dispersing agent (B) include orthophosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and organic phosphonic acid compounds. (B) also include polymer formed from a monomer represented by the chemical formula(1). Further more, monosaccharides, polysaccharaides or derivatives of vinylacetate may also be used as (B). It is applied to the metal surface so as to form a film in an amount of 0.05 to 3 g/m2 on a dried basis.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous solution containing a water soluble trivalent chromium compound is provided with a additive for improving corrosion resistance and reducing precipitation of trivalent chromium over time. A suitable additive is nitrilotris (methylene) triphosphonic acid (NTMP).

Abstract: A rolling apparatus has a surface-treated rolling member composed of a metallic rolling element and a metallic race element which have been used with a lubricant, in which the surface of at least one of the rolling element and the race element has a reaction product subsurface layer containing phosphorus and oxygen and having a thickness of from about 30 to 600 nm, where the reaction product subsurface layer has been produced by reaction between the metallic component of the rolling element or the race element and an organic phosphorus compound. The lubricant contains, as an extreme pressure component, an organic phosphorus compound; the lubricant contains the organic phosphorus compound at a concentration of 10 to 10,000 ppm in terms of phosphorus; and the lubricant is present between the metallic contact surfaces of the rolling member and the race element.

Abstract: Tri-cation zinc phosphate conversion coating compositions are disclosed. The compositions include a phosphate component, ions of nickel, manganese, and zinc, and a glycerophosphate component, such as disodium glycerophosphate. Coatings formed from these compositions provide improved corrosion resistance to metal substrates and provide a uniform layer for the application of paint finishes. Processes of making and using these compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of Zintl compounds by thermal decomposition of heterometallic phosphinidene complexes. The heterometallic phosphinidene complex typically comprises at least two metals, at least one of which is selected from a Group I metal, M1, and another being a metal M2, selected from Group 13, 14 or 15 of the Periodic Table. The heterometallic phosphinidene complex further comprises one or more phosphinidene ligands, [PR], wherein R is typically a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, and a Lewis base stabilizing ligand. Thermal decomposition of the heterometallic phosphinidene complexes in accordance with the invention forms a Zintl compound comprising metals M1 and M2 coordinated to Lewis base stabilizing ligands, Lg. The invention further provides a process for removal of the stabilizing ligand from the Zintl compounds to form an intermetallic compound.

Abstract: Sequentially applying two different coatings, in two steps, to metallic surfaces. Metallic surfaces are contacted at temperatures from 10-100° C.

Abstract: When a phosphate ester or a dispersed wax is added to a conventional liquid phosphate conversion coating composition, the resulting phosphate coating formed on a metal substrate has a lower coefficient of friction after being oiled than it would have had if the additive had been omitted. The corrosion resistance and paint adhesion properties expected from the conversion coating are not substantially diminished by the additive. Particularly good results are achieved if the phosphate coating composition contains calcium and ferrous cations and the liquid phosphate conversion coating composition is dried into place on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a surface-treated steel sheet which has highly balanced corrosion resistance and formability, and satisfies fundamental properties required mainly for steel sheets for automobile body, and a manufacturing method thereof. The surface-treated steel sheet of the invention is excellent in corrosion resistance and formability, comprising an amorphous inorganic film containing at least 5% magnesium and having a weight within a range of from 0.1 to 2.0 g/m2, formed on the surface of a zinc or zinc alloy plated steel sheet; wherein the inorganic film is soluble in an acidic solution and hardly soluble in a neutral or alkaline solution, and a manufacturing method thereof is provided. A zinc phosphate film may be provided between the galvanized steel sheet and the amorphous inorganic film.

Abstract: This invention provides for metal surfaces which when derivatized with &agr;-&ohgr; bis-functionalized substantially linear aliphatic, including fluoroaliphatic acids and metal salts thereof exhibit changes in surface properties. In particular, composites formed from polymers and metallic surfaces derivatized according to a process of the present invention exhibit surprising durability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of coating a substrate with a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) material, comprising the steps of selecting a substrate which is reactive with said ZDDP material; providing an atmosphere containing said ZDDP material at a predetermined concentration; exposing said substrate to said atmosphere for a sufficient period of time and at a sufficient temperature, so as to cause said ZDDP material to form a layered substrate having a layer of a ZDDP derivative material thereon; and annealing said layered substrate.

Abstract: A method of controlling bulk absorption of atomic hydrogen and facilitating degassing of hydrogen from aluminum alloy workpieces during heat treatments in furnaces with ambient and/or moisture-laden atmospheres by exposing the surface of the workpieces to a low molecular weight solution or dispersion of an alkyl phosphonic acid, an olefinic phosphonic acid or an aryl phosphonic acid before subjecting the workpieces to heat treatments. The workpieces exposed to the phosphonic acid solution or dispersion are subjected to heat treatment in furnaces having ambient or moisture-laden atmospheres. The solution or dispersion involves chemical species that are deposited onto the aluminum surface from the phosphonic acid solution or dispersion which substantially decrease the amount of atomic hydrogen entering the bulk of the workpieces from their surfaces during heat treatment and, in addition, facilitate removal of atomic and molecular hydrogen from the bulk of the workpieces during heat treatment.

Abstract: Copper powder has a coating made of copper phosphate at the outer surface thereof. The coating is formed by chemically reacting the outer surface of the copper powder and covers the entire surface of the copper powder uniformly, thereby obtaining excellent anti-oxidizing properties. It is preferable to set the copper phosphate ratio in term of phosphorus with respect to the total weight of the copper powder within the range of about 0.05 to 0.5 wt %.

Abstract: Methods for treating metal substrates are disclosed. These methods, which comprise contacting the surface to be treated with a composition comprising a Mannich-derivatized polyether, improve the corrosion resistance and/or adhesion properties of the treated surface. Similar methods for treating polymeric substrates are disclosed.

Abstract: A surface treatment aqueous solution is provided which is superior in corrosion resistance and coating adhesiveness as well as in ability of inhibiting the production of precipitate. A tinned DI can, which has been degreased, is conversion coating processed in a treatment bath filled with a surface treatment aqueous solution containing at least phosphate ions, organophosphonate compound and tin ions with a pH value of 5 or less. After the conversion coating, the DI can is washed with water and dried. A preferable organophosphonate compound is one in which a phosphorus atom constituting a phosphonate group is bonded to a carbon atom.

Abstract: A process for sealing anodized metal surfaces is characterized by bringing the anodized metal into contact with an aqueous solution at a temperature from 75.degree. C. to the boiling point of the solution for a time equal to from 0.5 to 2 minutes per micrometer of anodized layer thickness. The solution contains: a) from 0.0001 to 5 g/l of one or more alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal ions and b) from 0.0005 to 0.5 g/l of one or more organic acids selected from: polycarboxylic acids with from 3 to 6 carboxyl groups; phosphonic acids; and/or polyphosphinocarboxylic acids, the solution containing a greater amount of metal ions of group a) than is needed to insure complete neutralization of the acids of group b).

Abstract: A composition for lubricating a metal workpiece prior to cold forming consists essentially of: an aqueous alkaline stearate compound present in an amount sufficient to impart metal lubrication between about 180.degree. F. and about 320.degree. F.; an aqueous alkaline palmitate compound present in an amount sufficient to impart metal lubrication below about 160.degree. F.; an aqueous metallic stearate compound present in an amount sufficient to impart metal lubrication between about 320.degree. F. and 440.degree. F.

Abstract: Concentrate for activating and refining bath employed in processes of zinc phosphatization, characterized by the fact that it is based on an aqueous dispersion containing from 2 to 20% by weight of Jernstedt salts, the concentration of titanium in the dispersion consequently being from 140 to 10,000 ppm of Ti, this dispersion in addition containing:a proportion of from 0.2 to 8% by weight of at least one dispersing or sequestering agent anda proportion of from 0.05 to 7% by weight of at least one thickener based on polysaccharide.