Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods relating to the coloring of nickel-plated materials.

Abstract: A method for coating a metal substrate with a white to off-white or gray colored autodeposited coating comprising water, polymeric resin, HF and pigment particles comprising a core of titanium dioxide, an intermediate zirconia and/or alumina layer, and an outer organic layer, optionally the particles are treated with an anionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving the heat and corrosion resistance of stainless steel by means of a novel passivation process. This process comprises a chemical treatment with an aqueous solution comprising a complexing agent combination of at least one oxidant, a subsequent rinsing and a subsequent treatment at elevated temperature in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. The stainless steel surfaces obtained according to the invention have a homogeneous passive layer having increased chemical resistance and resistance to thermal discoloration.

Abstract: A composition for coating a metal substrate with a white to off-white or gray colored autodeposited coating comprising water, polymeric resin, HF and pigment particles comprising a core of titanium dioxide, an intermediate zirconia and/or alumina layer, and an outer organic layer, optionally the particles are treated with an anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A treatment solution that is used to form a chemical coating of trivalent chromium free of hexavalent chromium having uniform black appearance and good corrosion resistance on the surface of zinc or zinc alloy and that attains prolongation of treatment bath lifetime; and a method of forming a black trivalent chromium chemical coating on the surface of zinc or zinc alloy. There is provided a treatment solution for forming of a black trivalent chromium chemical coating on zinc or zinc alloy, comprising trivalent chromium ions, a chelating agent capable of forming a water-soluble complex with trivalent chromium, zinc ions, a sulfur compound and phosphite ions.

Abstract: Methods for preventing dissolution of solid substrates, such as metal leaching from coal or corrosion of metal surfaces, are provided. The method comprises coating the solid substrate with a chelate ligand having the general structure: where n is an integer from 1-4, and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. A method for preventing metal leaching from coal, such as acid mine drainage or metal leachate in runoff from coal refuse piles, is also provided.

Abstract: A method for forming a sol-gel on a metal surface to provide an interface for promoting adhesion between the metal surface and an organic resin involves application of at least one metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom, and at least one metal alkoxide compound having at least one reactive moiety which is capable of bonding with an organic resin. The metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom is capable of bonding to various metal surfaces, including surfaces of noble metals, such as gold, by a sulfur-metal linkage with the metal surface. The metal alkoxide compound having at least one labile sulfur atom reacts with the metal alkoxide compound having at least one reactive moiety which is capable of bonding with the organic resin to form a sol-gel which bonds to the surface of the metal, and which includes reactive moieties which are capable of bonding with an organic resin.

Abstract: A direct displacement plating process provides a uniform, adherent coating of a relatively stable metal (e.g., nickel) on a highly reactive metal (e.g., aluminum) that is normally covered with a recalcitrant oxide layer. The displacement reaction proceeds, preferably in a nonaqueous solvent, as the oxide layer is dissolved by a fluoride activator. Halide anions are used to provide high solubility, to serve as an anhydrous source of stable metal ions, and to control the rate of the displacement reaction. A low concentration of activator species and little or no solution agitation are used to cause depletion of the activator species within pores in the surface oxide so that attack of the reactive metal substrate is minimized. Used in conjunction with electroless nickel deposition to thicken the displacement coating, this process can be used to render aluminum pads on IC chips solderable without the need for expensive masks and vacuum deposition operations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rolling apparatus having a surface-treated rolling member composed of a metallic rolling element and a metallic race element which have been used with a lubricant, in which the surface of at least one of the rolling element and the race element has a reaction product subsurface layer, wherein the reaction product subsurface layer has been produced by the reaction between the metallic component of the rolling element or the race element and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a phosphorus compound, a sulfur compound, a halogen compound and an organometallic compound, and the lubricant containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphorus compound, an organic sulfur compound, an organic halogen compound and an organometallic compound as an extreme pressure component is present between the metallic contact surfaces of the rolling member.

Abstract: A process is described for increasing the adhesion of organic coatings to metal surfaces, particularly aluminum and aluminum alloys. The process involves the utilization of an adhesion promoting composition in conjunction with a chromating composition in treating the metal surface prior to application of the organic coating. The adhesion promoting composition comprises (i) 1,2-bis(beta-chloroethoxy)ethane, (ii) a glycol ether, (iii) an oxidizing acid and (iv) a nitro sulfonic acid.

Abstract: To avoid the corrosion of stainless steels in organosulphonic acid medium, at least one oxidizing agent selected from cerium(IV), iron(III), molybdenum(VI) or vanadium(V) oxides or salts, nitrites and persulphates, is added to the medium in an amount which is sufficient to place the spontaneous potential between the passivation and transpassivation potentials.

Abstract: A composition useful for the surface treatment of copper, in particular for micro-roughening of the copper surface so as to improve the adhesion characteristics of the copper surface, comprises an oxidizing agent for copper and an aromatic sulfonic acid or a salt thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide and the aromatic sulfonic acid is sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate. The composition preferably also includes an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid and a corrosion inhibitor such as benzotriazole.

Abstract: Aluminium oxide sealant compositions, concentrates, and processes employing the same are described which comprise a combination of certain sulphonated aromatic compounds and condensates of aldehydes and certain other sulphonated aromatic compounds. Unexpected improvements in seal quality are obtained using the compositions of the invention, and in the substantial absence of smut formation.

Abstract: A chromium-free aqueous liquid surface treatment agent that can impart both a good corrosion resistance and a good paint adherence to zinciferous-plated steel sheet contains as its essential components polyhydroxyaryl carboxylic acid and/or depside thereof and silane coupling agent with the formula (YR).sub.m R.sub.n SiX.sub.(4-m-n), in which R denotes alkyl groups; X is the methoxy or ethoxy group; Y is the vinyl, amino, mercapto, glycidoxy, or methacryloxy group; m=1 to 3; and n=0 to (3-m). The total content of said essential components is preferably 1 to 50 weight %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a generalized molecule-specific means of detection that can be applied to all existing separation systems with particular emphasis directed toward those methods based upon chromatographic, electrophoretic, and extractive techniques. The SERS method of detection of the present invention consists of the modification of SERS substrates by the application of a stabilizing coating that also reproduces or mimics the specific separation process being utilized. This ability to reproduce the specific separation process at the detector makes this method of detection universal for all types of analytes and separation methods. The detector of the present invention contains a noble metal foil, usually silver, that has been roughened to produce the SERS effect or a SERS active noble metal film that has been deposited onto a transparent substrate. A particularly unique feature of the invention is the use of stabilizing coatings with the SERS substrates.

Abstract: An acid based cleaning and passivating treatment for metal surfaces is provided. The single step acid based cleaning and passivating is provided by incorporating a corrosion inhibiting amount of an ethoxylated tertiary dodecyl mercaptan into an acidic metal cleaner.

Abstract: A process for producing a black oxide coating on an aluminum or aluminum alloy component in which the process entails a single treatment step with a novel solution to rapidly produce the desired black oxide coating. The process includes cleaning the surface to be coated and then, without first undergoing anodization, treating the surface with a solution that develops a black oxide on the surface. The reactive component of the solution comprises distilled water containing chlorides, sulfates and bicarbonates of sodium salts. The remainder of the solution includes a catalyst and a substance for maintaining the pH of the solution at a level sufficient to promote the reaction between the surface of the aluminum alloy and the reactive constituents.

Abstract: A protective diffusion barrier having adhesive qualifies for metalized surfaces is provided by a passivating agent having the formula HS--(CH.sub.2).sub.11 --COOH Which forms a very dense, transparent organized molecular assembly or layer that is impervious to water, alkali, and other impurities and corrosive substances that typically attack metal surfaces.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface in a liquid medium is described. The method comprises incorporating into the medium a corrosion inhibiting amount of a combination of a surfactant that forms a bilayer on the metal surface in the fluid and a corrosion inhibitor that solubilizes in the medium in the presence of the surfactant. The amount of surfactant is sufficient to produce a bilayer on the metal surface in the medium. The combination isa. an anionic surfactant that forms a bilayer on the metal surface and a cationic corrosion inhibitor;b. a cationic surfactant that forms a bilayer on the metal surface and an anionic corrosion inhibitor;c. an ionic surfactant that forms a bilayer on the metal surface and an ionic corrosion inhibitor having a pendent, generally straight chain hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms; ord. an ionic surfactant that forms a bilayer on the metal surface and a non-ionic corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: A two-part compositional mixture including a non-metallic concentrate with the appropriately blended requisite components in recommended amounts including HNO.sub.3 provides a single bath and dip process system. The inventive concentrate is a multifunctional metallic interface conversion system which includes a Tri-basic acid and/or a selection from, Mono-, Di-, Tri and/or Poly-Carboxylic acid or their ester or derivatives. The inventive compositional concentrate inhibits metallic corrosion through deposition of a protective coating/film on metallic surfaces which are exposed to atmospheric environments, water or water vapor.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid combination of simple and complex fluorides, a chelating agent for iron, phosphate ions, a hydroxylamine source, and an oxidizing agent selected from among water soluble nitroaromatic organic compounds, molybdates, and tungstates, provides good quality protective phosphate conversion coatings on ferrous, zinciferous, aluminous, and magnesium and magnesium alloy metal surfaces, without needing any divalent or higher valent metal cations such as are generally used to produce high quality phosphate conversion coatings. If the combination includes suitable surfactants, no prior chemical cleaning of the metal to be treated is required for good results.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for forming a protective metal coating on a metal surface using a flux consisting of an alkali metal fluoride, an alkaline earth metal fluoride, an alkali metal fluoaluminate, an alkali metal fluosilicate, and mixtures thereof. The flux, in particulate form, is mixed with particles of a metal coating material which may comprise aluminum, chromium, mixtures thereof, and alloys containing at least 50 wt. % aluminum and the particulate mixture is applied to the metal surface in a single step, followed by heating the coated metal surface to a temperature sufficient to cause the metal coating material to react with the metal surface to form a protective reaction product in the form of a metal coating bonded to the metal surface. The metal surface which reacts with the metal coating material to form the protective coating may comprise Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Hf, Ta, W, Re and alloys thereof.