Abstract: The invention relates hot work tool steel. The steel comprises the following main components (in wt. %): C 0.27-0.38 Si 0.10-0.35 Mn 0.2-0.7 Cr 4.5-5.5 Mo 2.05-2.90 V 0.4-0.6 N 0.01-0.12 H ?0.0004 S ?0.0015 balance optional elements, iron and impurities.

Abstract: A spheroidal graphite cast iron alloy comprises, in % by weight, in addition to addition elements, the following elements: Ni between 3.5% and 7%, Cu between 0.5% and 3%, Mo between 0.15% and 1%, the remainder being iron and inevitable impurities. The spheroidal graphite cast iron alloy may be used in manufacturing a part such as cogwheels and gear rims. The method of manufacturing the part may comprise casting a rough casting blank, notably into a mold, and letting the rough casting blank cool in the mold, thus obtaining the part.

Abstract: There is provided a roll surface layer material including a roll surface layer with excellent fatigue resistance. The roll surface layer material has a composition including, on a mass % basis, C: 2.3% to 2.9%, Si: 0.2% to 0.8%, Mn: 0.2% to 1.0%, Cr: 5.0% to 7.5%, Mo: 4.4% to 6.5%, V: 5.3% to 7.0%, Nb: 0.6% to 1.5%, and Co: 0.1% to 4.0% so as to satisfy 14.0?(Mo+1.7V)?17.0 (where Mo represents a content (mass %) of Mo and V represents a content (mass %) of V) and further including Al: 0.001% to 0.03% and/or REM: 0.001% to 0.03%, wherein a carbide is contained at an area fraction of 13% to 40%. A composite roll obtained by integrally welding a shaft member to the roll surface layer member is treated as a centrifugal cast roll that includes a surface layer with excellent fatigue resistance.

Abstract: A lamellar graphite cast iron alloy is described which, as additives, has 2.80% by weight-3.60% by weight carbon (C), 1.00% by weight-1.70% by weight silicon (Si), 0.10% by weight-1.20% by weight manganese (Mn), 0.03% by weight-0.15% by weight sulphur (S), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight chromium (Cr), 0.05% by weight-0.30% by weight molybdenum (Mo), 0.05% by weight-0.20% by weight tin (Sn) and the usual impurities, and also described is a cylinder head which can be obtained therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high speed steel with a chemical composition that comprises, in % by weight: 0.6-2.1 C 3-5 Cr 4-14 Mo max 5 W max 15 Co 0.5-4 V, balance Fe and impurities from the manufacturing of the material, which steel is powder metallurgically manufactured and has a content of Si in the range of 0.7<Si?2.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy includes (in weight percent) carbon from about 1 to about 2 percent; manganese up to about 1 percent; silicon up to about 1 percent; nickel up to about 4 percent; chromium from about 10 to about 25 percent; molybdenum from about 5 to about 20 percent; tungsten up to about 4 percent; cobalt from about 17 to about 23 percent; vanadium up to about 1.5 percent; boron up to about 0.2 percent; sulfur up to about 0.03 percent; nitrogen up to about 0.4 percent; phosphorus up to about 0.06 percent; niobium up to about 4 percent; iron from about 35 to about 55 percent; and incidental impurities. The chromium/molybdenum ratio of the iron-based alloy is from about 1 to about 2.5. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications, such as valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: The invention provides a flake graphite cast iron being highly strong and excellent in workability such as cutting performance, which is suitable for use, for example, in internal combustion engine parts and the like, and a production method thereof without using a misch metal. Specifically, the flake graphite cast iron according to the invention includes an A-type graphite with a uniformly and disorderly distributed existence form without directionality; and has a chemical composition containing 2.8 to 4.0 mass % of C, 1.2 to 3.0 mass % of Si, 1.1 to 3.0 mass % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.6 mass % of P, 0.01 to 0.30 mass % of S and the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the ratio (Mn/S) of the Mn content to the S content is within a range of 3 to 300.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy includes, in weight percent, carbon from about 2 to about 3 percent; manganese from about 0.1 to about 0.4 percent; silicon from about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent; chromium from about 11.5 to about 14.5 percent; nickel from about 0.05 to about 0.6 percent; vanadium from about 0.8 to about 2.2 percent; molybdenum from about 4 to about 7 percent; tungsten from about 3 to about 5 percent; niobium from about 1 to about 3 percent; cobalt from about 3 to about 5 percent; boron from zero to about 0.2 percent; and the balance containing iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: An iron-based corrosion resistant and wear resistant alloy includes (in weight percentage) carbon from about 1.6 to 3%, silicon from about 0.8 to 2.1%, manganese up to 1.0%, chromium from about 12.0 to 15.0%, molybdenum from about 2.0 to 4.0%, nickel from about 0.2 to 0.8%, copper up to 4.0%, boron up to 0.5%, and the balance including iron and incidental impurities. The alloy is suitable for use in elevated temperature applications such as in valve seat inserts for combustion engines.

Abstract: Weld deposit compositions with improved abrasion and corrosion resistance are provided by balancing percent weights of Chromium (Cr), Titanium (Ti), Niobium (Nb), and Boron (B) to allow the Chromium content of the weld matrix to be minimally reduced during carbide formation. The result is an enriched Chromium matrix that has excellent corrosion resistance in combination with highly abrasion resistant dispersed carbides.

Abstract: An engine component such as, for example, an engine piston or a part thereof, for instance a ring carrier or piston boss bushing, consisting of a cast iron alloy that contains zirconium as an alloy constituent in an amount by weight of at least 0.01% and up to 0.1%.

Abstract: The present invention encloses a kind of the high-alloy cold work die steel wherein the steel in wt % consisting of: C 1.0˜2.5, Si?1.3, Mn?1.5, Cr 6.0˜15.0, V?2.5, B 0.01˜0.4, and the balance is Fe with unavoidable impurities. The hardness and toughness of the die steel of the present invention are the same as Cr12MoV or Cr12Mo1V1, and even exceed them. And, the steel does not contain Mo with high price, the cost is lower than Cr12MoV or Cr12Mo1V1 accordingly, and the die steel of the present invention has a longer usage life, which is specially applied to make cold work moulds with high accuracy and long use life.

Abstract: A low-temperature stainless steel carburization method comprises steps: providing a stainless steel material; placing the stainless steel material in a halogen-free reducing environment and maintaining the stainless steel at a first temperature ranging 1,050 to 1,400° C.; and placing the stainless steel material in a carbon-bearing atmosphere and maintaining the stainless steel material at a second temperature lower than 600° C. to implant carbon atoms into the stainless steel material to form a carburized layer on the surface of the stainless steel material. A halide-bearing gas or solution is not to be applied to activate the passivation layer, so the fabrication cost would be reduced and the safety of carburization process would be enhanced. Besides, the environment can be prevented from halide pollution.

Abstract: A metal base alloy and methods for producing the alloy. The metal base alloy product includes the formula Mebase Ta Sib Crc Mnj Ve Cf, wherein—Mebase is a metal base selected from the group having Fe, Co and Ni, in an amount ranging from about 45-75 w %. The metal base alloy product contains a substantially homogenous dispersion of separate precipitated carbide particles in an amount ranging from 10-65 percentages by volume and the precipitate carbide particles have an average diameter of 0.01-5 micrometers.

Abstract: A nodular graphite, heat-resistant cast iron composition for use in engine systems. The composition contains carbon 1.5-2.4 weight %, silicon 5.4-7.0 weight %, manganese 0.5-1.5 weight %, nickel 22.0-28.0 weight %, chromium 1.5-3.0 weight %, molybdenum 0.1-1.0 weight %, magnesium 0.03-0.1 weight %, and a balance weight % being substantially iron. The composition has an austenitic matrix. Additionally, the composition exhibits excellent oxidation resistance at high temperature and excellent mechanical properties at both room and high temperatures. Thus, the composition can be a lower cost substitute material for Ni-Resist D5S under thermocycling conditions experienced by exhaust gas accessories and housings such as engine exhaust manifolds, turbocharger housings, and catalytic converter housings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder metallurgically manufactured steel with a chemical composition containing, in % by weight: 0.01-2 C, 0.6-10 N, 0.01-3.0 Si, 0.01-10.0 Mn, 16-30 Cr, 0.01-5 Ni, 0.01-5.0 (Mo+W/2), 0.01-9 Co, max. 0.5 S and 0.5-14 (V+Nb/2), where the contents of N on the one hand and of (V+Nb/2) on the other hand are balanced in relation to each other such that the contents of these elements are within an area that is defined by the coordinates A?, B?, G, H, A?, where the coordinates of [N, (V+Nb/2)] are: A?: [0.6,0.5]; B?: [1.6,0.5]; G: [9.8,14.0]; H: [2.6,14.0], and max. 7 of (Ti+Zr+Al), balance essentially only iron and impurities at normal amounts. The steel may be used for tools for injection molding, compression molding and extrusion of components of plastics, and cold working.

Abstract: A casting of a white cast iron alloy and a method of producing the casting are disclosed. A white cast alloy is also disclosed. The casting has a solution treated microstructure that comprises a ferrous matrix of retained austenite and chromium carbides dispersed in the matrix, with the carbides comprising 15 to 60% volume fraction of the alloy. The matrix composition comprises: manganese: 8 to 20 wt %; carbon: 0.8 to 1.5 wt %; chromium: 5 to 15 wt %; and iron: balance (including incidental impurities).

Abstract: A cast iron material, particularly a ledeburitic cast iron material with a carbide content of at least 15 wt. % and a characteristic free, evenly distributed graphite formation is disclosed. In this case, the evenly distributed graphite formation may comprise graphite flakes and/or vermicular graphite and/or nodular graphite. Depending on the respective application (diameter (D) of the running gear seal, peripheral speed), the basic matrix may be realized in pearlitic and/or bainitic and/or martensitic form. Due to the high graphite content, the material has a thermal conductivity that is three to four times greater than that of white cast iron materials, wherein this provides the advantage that no scoring of the running gear seals occurs at high peripheral speeds (>5 m/s) and large diametrical dimensions of the seals (D >600 mm). In addition, the high carbide content of at least 15 wt.

Abstract: A description is given of a temperature-stable cast-iron alloy having high wear resistance at temperatures between 500 and 900° C. The alloy is characterized in that it has the following composition expressed in weight percentages: chromium: 15.0-20.0%, carbon: 1.0-2.0%, manganese: 0.8-1.2%, silicon: 1.2-1.5%, nickel: 1.5-2.5%, balance iron and unavoidable metallic and non-metallic contaminants where the non-metallic contaminants comprise nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulphur. Hereby is obtained a cast-iron alloy which has a higher wear resistance and a reduced tendency to form the undesirable sigma phase when heated to temperatures between 500 and 900° C. as compared to the known allows.

Abstract: A wear resistant, high chromium white iron, in an unheat-treated condition has a microstructure substantially comprising austenite and M7C3 carbides. The white iron contains at least one martensite promoter and at least one austenite stabilizer which are present at respective levels to achieve a balance between their effects whereby the white iron has a microstructure characterized by at least one of: i) being substantially free of martensite at interfaces between the austenite and M7C3 carbides; and ii) having a relatively low level of interconnectivity between carbide particles; such that the white iron is substantially crack-free. The white iron may be as-cast or comprise weld deposited hardfacing.

Abstract: A method for producing an outer layer for a roll having a structure having MC carbide dispersed at an area ratio of 20-60%, comprising the steps of (1) centrifugally casting a melt having a composition comprising, by mass, 2.2-6.0% of C, 0.1-3.5% of Si, 0.1-3.5% of Mn, and 8-22% of V, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurity elements, to produce a cylindrical body comprising an inner layer having concentration MC carbide, an MC-carbide-poor outer layer, and a concentration gradient layer between the inner layer and the outer layer, in which the area ratio of MC carbide changes, and (2) cutting the cylindrical body to a depth at which the area ratio of MC carbide is 20% or more.

Abstract: Alloy cast iron for a seal, a seal, and a method of manufacturing the seal are provided. The alloy cast iron for a seal includes 3.8 wt % to 4.2 wt % of carbon, 3.3 wt % to 4.7 wt % of nickel, 2 wt % to 5 wt % of molybdenum, 1.2 wt % to 2.0 wt % of silicon, 16 wt % to 18 wt % of chrome, 0.8 wt % to 1.5 wt % of manganese, and the remaining of iron. Therefore, a seal can be produced using a centrifugal casting method and thus productivity of the seal is improved and the seal having excellent abrasion resistance is produced.

Abstract: To improve corrosion resistance in wet environments, for a martensitic cast steel material obtained at a predetermined composition ratio and martensitic steel casting products, and to provide a martensitic cast steel material that is appropriate for various types of molds and dies, mechanical parts, etc., and a manufacturing method for martensitic steel casting products. Nickel, Ni, of 5 to 10 mass %, silicon, Si, of 0.5 to 5 mass %, manganese, Mn, of 0.01 to 1 mass %, carbon, C, of 0.2 to 2 mass % and a remaining part consisting of iron, Fe, and incidental impurities are employed, and further chromium, Cr, of 1 to 10 mass % is added to obtain a martensitic cast steel material for which a martensitic transformation finish temperature (Mf point) is below freezing. Further, a cast steel material that contains vanadium V of 0.1 to 5 mass % in addition to the above elements of the material is also obtained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder metallurgically manufactured steel with a chemical composition containing, in % by weight: 0.01-2 C, 0.6-10 N, 0.01-3.0 Si, 0.01-10.0 Mn, 16-30 Cr, 0.01-5 Ni, 0.01-5.0 (Mo+W/2), 0.01-9 Co, max. 0.5 S and 0.5-14 (V+Nb/2), where the contents of N on the one hand and of (V+Nb/2) on the other hand are balanced in relation to each other such that the contents of these elements are within an area that is defined by the coordinates A?, 13% G, H, A?, where the coordinates of [N, (V+Nb/2)] are: A?: [0.6,0.5]; B?: [1.6,0.5]; G: [9.8,14.0]; H: [2.6,14.0], and max. 7 of (Ti+Zr+Al), balance essentially only iron and impurities at normal amounts. The steel may be used for tools for injection moulding, compression moulding and extrusion of components of plastics, and cold working.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amorphous alloy and a method for manufacturing thereof. The amorphous alloy according to the present invention includes has a chemical formula of Feioo-a-b-c-d-e-f-gCraMobCcBaYeMflg. Here, the M is at least one selected from a group consisting of Al, Co, N1 and Ni, and the I is at least one selected from a group consisting of Mn, P, S, and O as impurities. The a, b, c, d, e, f, and g are satisfied with the compositions of 16.0 wt %?a<22.0 wt %, 15.0 wt %<b?27.0 wt %, 2.0 wt %?c<3.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %<d?1.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %<e?3.5 wt %, 0.25 wt %<f?3.0 wt %, and 0.01 wt %?g<0.5 wt %, respectively.

Abstract: An iron-carbon master alloy is described, with a C content of 0.3 to 8 wt % and an upper limit of alloying metals Ni<10 wt %, P<4 wt %, Cr<5 wt %, preferably<1 wt %, Mn<5 wt %, preferably<1 wt %, Mo<3 wt %, W<3 wt %, Cu<1 wt %, a particle size of >20 ?m and a hardness of <350 HV 0.01, and a method for the manufacture of said master alloy.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material capable of improving seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance is provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a martensite parent phase which forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.5 wt %, and the martensite parent phase contains one or more types of each special carbide of Cr, Mo, W and V dispersed therein in a total content of 10 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cast iron material, especially a ledeburite cast iron material which has a high carbide content of at least 15.0 percent by weight and is provided with a characteristic, free, evenly distributed graphite embodiment that can comprise flake graphite and/or vermicular graphite and/or nodular graphite. The basic matrix can be embodied in a pearlitic and/or bainitic and/or martensitic manner according to the application thereof (diameter (D) of the seal of the running gear, peripheral velocity). The thermal conductivity of the inventive material is three to four times greater than that of white cast materials as a result of the high graphite content, thus advantageously preventing seals of running gears from fretting in case of great peripheral velocities (>5 m/s) and large diameters (D>600 mm) of the seals.

Abstract: A ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material capable of improving seizing resistance, abrasion resistance and heat crack resistance is provided. The ferrous abrasion resistant sliding material has a martensite parent phase which forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.5 wt %, and the martensite parent phase contains one or more types of each special carbide of Cr, Mo, W and V dispersed therein in a total content of 10 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: A graphite-containing, heat-resistant cast iron for exhaust equipment members used at temperatures exceeding 800° C., comprising 3.5-5.6% of Si and 1.2-15% of W on a weight basis, and having intermediate layers, in which W and Si are concentrated, in the boundaries of graphite particles and a matrix. An exhaust equipment member formed by this heat-resistant cast iron has an AC1 transformation point is 840° C. or higher when measured from 30° C. at a temperature-elevating speed of 3° C./minute, and a thermal cracking life of 780 cycles or more in a thermal fatigue test, in which heating and cooling are conducted under the conditions of an upper-limit temperature of 840° C., a temperature amplitude of 690° C. and a constraint ratio of 0.25.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel non-ferromagnetic amorphous steel alloys represented by the general formula: Fe—Mn-(Q)-B-M, wherein Q represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and M represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, Mo, C and Si. Typically the atomic percentage of the Q constituent is 10 or less. An aspect is to utilize these amorphous steels as coatings, rather than strictly bulk structural applications. In this fashion any structural metal alloy can be coated by various technologies by these alloys for protection from the environment. The resultant structures can utilize surface and bulk properties of the amorphous alloy.

Abstract: This invention related to a high carbon and high molybdenum/tungsten martenisitic type iron base alloy with excellent hot hardness and wear resistance for making valve seat insert. The alloy comprises of 2.05-3.60 wt % carbon, 0.1-3.0 wt % silicon, 0-2.0 wt % manganese, 3.0-10.0 wt % chromium, 11.0-25.0 wt % molybdenum and tungsten, 0.1-6.5 wt % nickel, 0-8.0 wt % vanadium, 0-6.0 wt % niobium, 0-8.0 wt % cobalt, and the balance being iron with impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high speed steel with a chemical composition that comprises, in % by weight: 0.6-2.1 C 3-5 Cr 4-14 Mo max 5 W max 15 Co 0.5-4 V, balance Fe and impurities from the manufacturing of the material, which steel is powder metallurgically manufactured and has a content of Si in the range of 0.7<Si?2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel non-ferromagnetic amorphous steel alloys represented by the general formula: Fe—Mn-(Q)-B-M, wherein Q represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, and M represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Co, Mo, C and Si. Typically the atomic percentage of the Q constituent is 10 or less. FIG. 2B represents a differential thermal analysis plot for several exemplary alloys according to the invention.

Abstract: Iron based amorphous steel alloy having a high Manganese content and being non-ferromagnetic at ambient temperature. The bulk-solidifying ferrous-based amorphous alloys are multicomponent systems that contain about 50 atomic percent iron as the major component. The remaining composition combines suitable mixtures of metalloids (Group b elements) and other elements selected mainly from manganese, chromium, and refractory metals. Various classes of non-ferromagnetic ferrous-based bulk amorphous metal alloys are obtained. One class is a high-manganese class that contains manganese and boron as the principal alloying components. Another class is a high manganese-high molybdenum class that contains manganese, molybdenum, and carbon as the principal alloying components. These bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys can be obtained in various forms and shape for various applications and utlizations. The good processability of these alloys can be attributed to the high reduced glass temperature Trg (e.g., about 0.6 to 0.

Abstract: A graphite-containing, heat-resistant cast iron for exhaust equipment members used at temperatures exceeding 800° C., comprising 3.5-5.6% of Si and 1.2-15% of W on a weight basis, and having intermediate layers, in which W and Si are concentrated, in the boundaries of graphite particles and a matrix. An exhaust equipment member formed by this heat-resistant cast iron has an AC transformation point is 840° C. or higher when measured from 30° C. at a temperature-elevating speed of 3° C./minute, and a thermal cracking life of 780 cycles or more in a thermal fatigue test, in which heating and cooling are conducted under the conditions of an upper-limit temperature of 840° C., a temperature amplitude of 690° C. and a constraint ratio of 0.25.

Abstract: The invention relates to a powder metallurgically manufactured steel with a chemical composition containing, in % by weight: 0.01-2 C, 0.6-10 N, 0.01-3.0 Si, 0.01-10.0 Mn, 16-30 Cr, 0.01-5 Ni, 0.01-5.0 (Mo+W/2), 0.01-9 Co, max. 0.5 S and 0.5-14 (V+Nb/2), where the contents of N on the one hand and of (V+Nb/2) on the other hand are balanced in relation to each other such that the contents of these elements are within an area that is defined by the coordinates A?, B?, G, H, A?, where the coordinates of [N, (V+Nb/2)] are: A: [0.6,0.5]; B?: [1.6,0.5]; G: [9.8,14.0]; H: [2.6,14.0], and max. 7 of (Ti+Zr+Al), balance essentially only iron and impurities at normal amounts. The steel is intended to be used in the manufacturing of tools for injection moulding, compression moulding and extrusion of components of plastics, and for tools for cold working, which are exposed to corrosion.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy comprises 1.5 to 2.5 wt % of C, 0.25 to 4.75 wt % of Ni, and W and V in quantities surrounded by the line L as shown in FIG. 1 of the attached drawings with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The iron-based alloy is obtained by a first heat treatment for applying a solid solution treatment by rapidly cooling the iron-based alloy from a temperature of an austenite forming temperature or more to consequently obtain a mixed matrix comprising a base matrix of martensite and remaining austenite phases and a non-molten carbide, and a second heat treatment for cooling the iron-based alloy after precipitating an MC type carbide within an eutectoid transformation temperature range to consequently precipitate a low carbon content austenite phase.

Abstract: This invention related to a novel iron base alloy using residual austenite to improve wear resistance for valve seat insert material for internal combustion engines. The residual austenite is stable even after heat treatment and liquid nitrogen chilling. The alloy comprises of 2.0-4.0 wt % carbon, 1.0-3.0 wt % silicon, 0-4.0 wt % manganese, 3.0-9.0 wt % chromium, 5.0-15.0 wt % molybdenum, 3.0-15.0 wt % nickel, 0-6.0 wt % vanadium, 0-4.0 wt % niobium, 0-6.0 wt % cobalt, and the balance being iron with impurities.

Abstract: A unique austenitic iron base alloy for wear and corrosion resistant applications, characterized by its excellent sulfuric acid corrosion resistance and good sliding wear resistance, is useful for valve seat insert applications when corrosion resistance is required. The alloy comprises 0.7-2.4 wt % carbon, 1.5-4 wt % silicon, 3-9 wt % chromium, less than 6 wt % manganese, 5-20 wt % molybdenum and tungsten combined, with the tungsten comprising not more than ? of the total, 0-4 wt % niobium and vanadium combined, 0-1.5 wt % titanium, 0.01-0.5 wt % aluminum, 12-25 wt % nickel, 0-3 wt % copper, and at least 45 wt % iron.

Abstract: A modified nodular cast iron alloy contains positive additions of boron and silicon in a content of greater than 2.4% by wt.

Abstract: A method of the production and processing of alloyed casting material for a working part of an indefinite chill roll, a corresponding casting material and a composite indefinite chill roll incorporating the casting material. The method comprises providing a melt of a certain composition, casting the melt and subjecting the resultant body to a heat treatment. The composition of the melt is adjusted so as to afford a certain graphite and carbide distribution.

Abstract: Refining elements for refining discs for disc refiners for the manufacture of mechanical pulp are disclosed, having improved wear resistance by utilizing alloys with precipitated carbides. An improved service life is obtained with a refining disk having the following analysis in % by weight: 2.96 C, 0.77 Si, 0.82 Mn, 24.2 Cr, 5.16 v, 0.04 Ni, 0.03 Mo, and the reminder Fe and impurities. After casting, the refining segments are hardened and annealed and assume a hardness of 57-63 HRC.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a corrosion and erosion resistant High Chromium, Nitrogen bearing alloy, comprising the following composition in wt. %: 28-48 chromium, 0.01-0.7 nitrogen, 0.5-30 manganese, 0.01-5 boron, 0.3-2.5 carbon, up to 0.01-25 cobalt plus nickel, up to 0.01-5 silicon, up to 0.01-8 copper, up to 0.01-6 molybdenum, up to 2% of each one selected from group consisting of zirconium, vanadium, cerium, titanium, tungsten, niobium, aluminum, calcium, and rare earth elements with the balance being essentially iron and other trace elements or inevitable impurities. The alloy has a microstructure comprising hypoeutectic, eutectic, chromium carbides, boride and nitrides in the austenitic matrix, saturated with nitrogen with virtually no secondary carbides and nitrides.

Abstract: The invention concerns an article of a steel which is characterized in that it consists of an alloy which contains in weight-%: 1.2-2.0 C, 0.1-1.5 Si, 0.1-2.0 Mn, max. 0.2 N, max. 0.25 S, 4-8 Cr, 0.5-3.5 (Mo+W/2), 5-8 V, max. 1.0 Nb, balance essentially only iron and unavoidable impurities, and that the steel has a micro-structure obtainable by a manufacturing of the steel which comprises spray forming of an ingot, the micro-structure of which contains 8-15 vol-% carbides of essentially only MC-type where M substantially consists of vanadium, of which carbides at least 80 vol-% have a substantially rounded shape and a size in the longest extension of the carbides amounting to 1-20 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A steel article consists of an alloy which consists in weight- %: 1.7-2.5; 0.1-2.0 Si; 0.1-2.0 Mn; max 0.2 N; max 0.2 S; 12 16 Cr; 2.1-3.5 (Mo+W/2); 5-8 V; max 0.1 Nb, balance essentially only iron and unavoidable impurities. The steel has a micro-structure obtainable by a manufacturing of the steel which comprises spray forming of an ingot, the micro-structure of which contains 14-25 vol-% carbides of mainly MC-type, where M substantially consists of vanadium, of which carbides at least 80 vol-% have a substantially rounded shape and a size in the longest extension of the carbides amounting to 1-10 &mgr;m, and M7C3-carbides, where M substantially consists of chromium, which carbides typically have a more elongated shape than the MC-carbides, of which MC-carbides at least 80 vol-% have a maximal extension amounting to 3-50 &mgr;m.

Abstract: A cobalt-free martensitic steel exhibiting good response to hardening and resistance to softening at high temperatures, the steel containing sub-micron and nano-structural precipitates and intermetallic compounds of silicon, nickel, aluminum, copper and manganese.

Abstract: An iron-based casting alloy and a process for making the alloy are provided by combining an iron-carbon-chromium system with primary carbides of vanadium, niobium, titanium, or combinations thereof without any eutectic carbides of vanadium, niobium and titanium. Eutectic chromium carbides (M7C3) are also formed without any primary chromium carbides. Proeutectic austenite can also be formed in the alloy.

Abstract: An iron-based casting alloy and a process for making the alloy are provided by combining an iron-carbon-chromium system with primary carbides of vanadium, niobium, titanium, or combinations thereof without any eutectic carbides of vanadium, niobium and titanium. Eutectic chromium carbides (M7C3) are also formed without any primary chromium carbides. Proeutectic austenite can also be formed in the alloy.

Abstract: An iron-based alloy comprises 1.5 to 2.5 wt % of C, 0.25 to 4.75 wt % of Ni, and W and V in quantities surrounded by the line L as shown in FIG. 1 of the attached drawings with a balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The iron-based alloy is obtained by a first heat treatment for applying a solid solution treatment by rapidly cooling the iron-based alloy from a temperature of an austenite forming temperature or more to consequently obtain a mixed matrix comprising a base matrix of martensite and remaining austenite phases and a non-molten carbide, and a second heat treatment for cooling the iron-based alloy after precipitating an MC type carbide within an eutectoid transformation temperature range to consequently precipitate a low carbon content austenite phase.