Abstract: Single crystal nickel base superalloys, having low chromium and cobalt contents are described. The alloys have a unique combination of aluminum, tantalum, and rhenium, which results in surprisingly good oxidation and corrosion resistance, and a melting point in excess of 2500.degree. F. The properties of the alloys of the present invention make them suitable for use as components in the high temperature section of gas turbine engines.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel nickel base single crystal alloy compositions consisting essentially of, by weight, about 8.0-14.0% chromium, 1.5-6.0% cobalt, 0.5-2.0% molybdenum, 3.0-10% tungsten, 2.5-7.0% titanium, 2.5-7.0% aluminum, 3.0-6.0% tantalum, about 0.005% to about 1.0% each of hafnium and/or silicon, optional minor amounts of yttrium, lanthanum and/or manganese, and the balance nickel.Methods of thermal treatment and coating of the novel alloys to enhance their mechanical properties are also disclosed, as are articles produced by such methods.

Abstract: Compositions and articles are described which have particular utility in gas turbine engine parts and which can be used at temperatures up to and in excess of 2,000.degree. F. without the usual protective coatings. Compositions are described which can be formed into single crystal articles which are alumina formers upon exposure to oxidation and in which develop an adherent spall resistant alumina scale during oxidation. The adherence and spall resistance of the alumina surface scale results from the presence of a small but critical quantity of zirconium.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing high purity electrolytic copper useful, for example, to make a copper wire for use in sound or image reproducing systems, such as audio, video and television systems, etc. The copper wire consists of high purity copper in which silver and sulfur contents are both not more than 0.5 ppm and preferably has a crystal grain size not less than 0.02 mm and is unidirectionally solidified or is a single crystal. Such a copper wire is manufactured by continuously casting electrodeposited copper which has been obtained by refining by re-electrolysis of electrolytic copper, using a specially arranged casting apparatus having a mold projecting to an electrolytic bath.

Abstract: The invention concerns a metal alloy with large lattice spacings (>than 1 nm), and consisting essentially of, by weight: at least one element selected from a group A consisting of Al, Zn and Cu, total group A elements being 44-92%; at least one element selected from a group B consisting of Ag, Ga and Au, total group B elements being 0-46%, with % group A+group B=88-92%, and ##EQU1## a group C element which is Li in an amount of 7.2-12%; at least one element selected from a group D consisting of Mg, K, Na, and Ca, total group D elements being 0-12%, with % group C+% group D=8-12%, ##EQU2## and % group A+% group B+% group C+% group D=100%; said alloy additionally comprising elemental impurities in an amount of less than 1% each and less than 5% total, based on the total weight of the alloy.

Abstract: The addition of small amounts of rhenium, technitium and their mixtures and, optionally erbium, to a nickel based superalloy consisting essentially of 19.3-19.7 weight percent chromium, about 0.5% carbon, about 2.5% iron, the balance essentially nickel, provides enhanced mechanical properties particularly suitable for applications in gas turbine engine components.

Abstract: An alloy suitable for making single crystal castings consists essentially of the following constituents by weight percent:______________________________________ Chromium 8-15% Aluminum 5-7% Titanium 2-5% Niobium 0.1-2% Molybdenum 0-7% Tantalum 1-8% Tungsten 0-7% Cobalt 5-15% Vanadium 0.5-2% Carbon 0-0.05% Balance Nickel plus impurities. ______________________________________The combined weight of Tungsten, Molybdenum and Tantalum is from 2.5 to 8.0 percent by weight of the total alloy weight and the combinations of Aluminium, Titanium, Niobium, Tantalum and Vanadium are balanced such as to give an alloy volume fraction of between 60 and 75% of gamma prime (Ni.sub.3 (M)) where M is Aluminium, Titanium, Niobium, Tantalum, Vanadium and also minimum gamma/gamma prime lattice mismatch. The alloy has good high strength characteristics, impact resistance, corrosion and oxidation resistance and has a wide heat treatment window.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to single crystal superalloys of eutectic or near-eutectic composition. The high temperature mechanical properties of the superalloys of the invention are improved by precipitation of dispersoids of a phase of the eutectic into the single crystal matrix during thermal treatment subsequent to solidification of the single crystal from the superalloy melt. During solidification, the growth of the dispersed phase is suppressed.

Abstract: A low density superalloy having good resistance to oxidation has the following composition by weight:______________________________________ Co: 5.0 to 6.0% W: 4.8 to 5.2% Cr: 7.8 to 8.3% Al: 5.8 to 6.1% Ta: 3.3 to 3.7% Mo: 2.1 to 2.4% Ti: 1.8 to 2.2% B: .ltoreq.10 ppm Zr: .ltoreq.50 ppm Ni: balance to 100%.

Abstract: A heat-resistant Ni-base single crystal alloy, suitable as a material for blades and vanes of gas turbines or jet engines, consists of, by weight, 5 to 10% of Co, 5 to 10% of Cr, 9 to 15% of W, 1 to 5% of Mo, 4.5 to 6% of Al, 5 to 10% of Ta, and the balance substantially of Ni with the total proportion of W, Mo and Ta being 17 to 24%, and is produced by directional solidification of a melt of the above-specified composition, followed by solution treatment and aging treatment.

Abstract: Monocrystalline alloy with a nickel base matrix without intentional addition of carbon, of boron or of zirconium, having a composition by weight: Co 0 to 10% - Cr 5 to 7% - Mo 1.5 to 2.5% - W 8.5 to 12.5% - Ta 0 to 6.5% - Al 5 to 7% - Nb 0 to 2% - Ni balance to 100. Furthermore, the summation of the atomic percentages 0.005 0.005 Xo+0.036 Cr+0.052 Mo+0.066 W+0.026 Al+0.116 Nb +0.049 Ta is less than one and the summation of the atomic percentages Ta+W+Mo+Nb lies between 5.9 and 6.3. The alloys having an elevated solidus temperature, in excess of 1325.degree. C., are particularly adapted to monocrystalline casting of the vanes of the turbine inlet nozzle array and having significantly improved properties of strength under conditions of thermal fatigue and oligocyclic fatigue.

Abstract: A single-crystal Ni-based super-heat-resistant alloy consisting essentially of, by weight percentage, 4 to 10% of Cr, 4 to 6.5% of Al, 4 to 10% of W, 4 to 9% of Ta, 1.5 to 6% of Mo, and the balance substantially Ni and impurities; or the alloy containing not greater than 12% of Co in addition to the above composition; wherein the contents of W, Ta and Mo are selected to meet the following condition: 1/2.W+1/2.Ta+Mo=9.5% to 13.5%.

Abstract: The additions of minor additions of hafnium and silicon and mixtures thereof to nickel base superalloy single crystal articles provide significantly improved oxidation resistance. The oxidation resistance is improved both for the case of uncoated articles and in the case where a protective coating such as for example, a MCrAlY coated is present. For example the addition of 0.1% hafnium is observed to improve the oxidation resistance by a factor of 4 at 2100.degree. F. and a similar addition improved the coating oxidation resistance by a factor of about 2.5 at 2150.degree. F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper wire for use in sound or image reproducing systems, such as audio, video and television systems, etc., and a method for manufacturing the same. The copper wire consists of high purity copper in which silver and sulfur contents are both not more than 0.5 ppm and preferably has a crystal grain size not less than 0.02 mm and is unidirectionally solidified or single crystallized. Such a copper wire is manufactured by continuously casting electrodeposited copper which has been obtained by refining by re-electrolysis of electrolytic copper, using a specially arranged casting apparatus having a mold projecting to an electrolytic bath.

Abstract: Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys containing 5-9% chromium, 5-7% aluminum, 5-9% tungsten, 1-3% molybdenum, 1-5% tantalum, 0-1.5% titanium, 0-10% cobalt, 1-4% rhenium, 0.1-2% yttrium, small amounts of boron and zirconium as required, balance essentially nickel display excellent lives to rupture under load at intermediate high temperatures of about 850.degree. C.

Abstract: Directional solidification of Bi and Mn compositions to produce magnetic single domain size MnBi particles with aligned morphologies.

Abstract: A low density nickel based superalloy having good creep characteristics w hot, and intended in particular for making turbomachine parts by monocrystalline solidification, wherein the composition of the alloy in percentages by weight is as follows:______________________________________ Co: 5% to 7% Cr: 5% to 10% Mo: 0.5% to 2.5% W: 3% to 5% Al: 6% to 7.5% Ti: 1.5% to 2.25% Nb: 0% to 0.5% Ta: 2% to 4% V: 0.3% to 0.6% Ni: balance to 100%. ______________________________________Parts, e.g. turbomachine blades, made from the alloy.

Abstract: A single crystal nickel-base super alloy is disclosed having good high temperature strength with improved metallurgical stability and environmental resistance. The single crystal alloy of this invention is characterized by the addition of rhenium for high temperature strength, the inclusion of cobalt to increase metallurgical stability by inhibiting the formation of sigma phase, and the ellimination of vanadium to enhance hot corrosion resistance. The nominal composition of my new single crystal alloy is 8-10% Co, 5% Cr, 2% Mo, 5% W, 3% Re, 5.5% Al, 1.5% Ti, 6.3% Ta, and the balance Nickel.

Abstract: A nickel- or cobalt-based alloy of the type containing, by weight, 5 to 40% chromium, up to about 10% aluminum, up to about 10% titanium, up to about 30%, in combination, of elements from the group tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, columbium, rhenium, or vanadium, up to about 2% silicon, up to about 5% hafnium, and up to about 5% reactive elements such as lanthanum, yttrium or other rare earths. Manganese is present in an amount from 0.1 to 12%, preferably 0.5 to 4%. Silicon in amounts from 1.0 to 2.0 by weight, or hafnium in amounts from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight may also be used. Alloys in accordance with this invention are particularly suitable for casting by the single crystal technique; however, the alloys can also be used in the production of polycrystalline components such as directionally solidified, conventionally solidified (equiaxed), wrought, or dispersion strengthened materials. In the latter case, grain boundary modifiers such as carbon, boron, zirconium and hafnium are utilized.

Abstract: A coated nickel base superalloy single crystal turbine airfoil blade (1), which is subject to gas turbine engine operation, can crack during refurbishment by a stress corrosion mechanism when exposed to certain corrosive media. The rapid thermal cycling that occurs during typical gas turbine engine operation results in high, non-uniform stresses across the airfoil, producing large localized residual strains in the article at ambient temperatures. Exposure to a corrosive environment, such as during coating removal or agressive cleaning, can produce chordwise cracks in a large number of the airfoils exposed. Such cracking is avoided by subjecting the articles to a preliminary stress relieving heat treatment which reduces the residual strains to a level below which cracking will not occur, prior to exposure to the corrosive media.

Abstract: A single crystal nickel alloy is provided having many of the foundry and performance characteristics of the higher density, single crystal, nickel base super alloys from which the vanes and blades are cast for high performance turbine aircraft engines. The lower density of this alloy permits its use for rebuilding and upgrading the performance of older turbine aircraft engines of designs which cannot withstand the centrifugal forces generated by the new state of the art higher density single crystal super alloys. The alloy for the first time provides a lower density single crystal alloy capable of heat treatment to stabilize its microstructure for high temperature, high stress use. It also provides for the first time a lower density alloy having acceptable resistance to the effects of high temperature sulfidation, salt corrosion and also to have good coating life.

Abstract: A superalloy composition and single crystal articles of the composition are described. The broad range is 3-12% Cr, 0-3% Mo, 3-10% W, 0-5% Re, 6-12% Ta, 4-7% Al, 0-15% Co, 0-0.045% C, 0-0.02% B, 0-0.1% Zr, 0-0.8% Hf, 0-2% Nb, 0-1% V, 0-0.7% Ti, 0-10% (Ru+Rh+Pd+Os+Ir+Pt), balance essentially Ni. An equation is presented to select the most useful specific compositions from within this range. An exemplary preferred composition is 5.0% Cr, 10.0% Co, 2.0% Mo, 6.0% W, 3.1% Re, 5.6% Al, 9.0% Ta, 0.1% Hf, balance essentially Ni.

Abstract: Methods for heat treating cast, nickel base superalloy articles are described. According to the invention, the articles are heated to progressively higher temperatures greater than the gamma prime solvus temperature and less than the incipient melting temperature. The incipient melting temperature is increased due to homogenization of segregate phases, while at the same time, the gamma prime goes into solution. The rate at which the temperature is increased closely approximates the rate at which the incipient melting temperature increases due to homogenization.

Abstract: A nickel-base single crystal superalloy having high creep rupture strength at high temperatures, said superalloy being obtained by subjecting a single crystal alloy having a composition consisting essentially of, by weight,Cr 4.5-10%,W 7.5-20%,Al 4.5-6%,Ta 2-12%,Co 5-10%,Ni substantially being the balance,W+Ta=17-24%,to a solutionizing treatment, an air cooling treatment and an aging treatment; and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A method of making an integrated electrooptic solid state device array comprising forming a structure having a multiplicity of active, solid state electrooptic component bodies in a solid state device material, including arranging the component bodies in a geometrical pattern and forming the component bodies to a prespecified size of less than 15 microns each and to an accuracy to within a fraction of a micron, and providing at least one electronic rectifying barrier at each of the component bodies for the operation of each component body as an active solid state electrooptic component.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel nickel-base single crystal alloy compositions consisting essentially of, by weight, about 8.0-14.0% chromium, 1.5-6.0% cobalt, 0.5-2.0% molybdenum, 3.0-10.0% tungsten, 2.5-7.0% titanium, 2.5-7.0% aluminum, 3.0-6.0% tantalum and the balance nickel.A combination of thermal treatment and coating of the novel alloys to enhance their mechanical properties is also disclosed.

Abstract: Single crystal nickel-base superalloy having very fine gamma prime after heat treatment in a temperature range permitting total gamma prime solutioning without incipient melting. Component of the heat treated alloy has exceptional resistance to creep under high temperature and stress, particularly in that part of the creep curve representing one percent or less elongation. The alloy exhibits exceptionally low steady-state creep rate.

Abstract: A monocrystalline alloy with a high resistance to creep having a nickel base matrix, with a density of the order of 8.5 and having a percentage, by weight, composition as follows: Co 5 to 8%--Cr 6.5 to 10%--Mo 0.5 to 2.5%--W 5 to 9%--Ta 6 to 9%--Al 4.5 to 5.8%--Ti 1 to 2%--Nb 0 to 1.5%--C, Zr, and B each less than 100 ppm--Ni remainder to 100%. Furthermore, the summation Ta+Mo+1/2 W lies between 11.5% and 13.5% by weight, the atomic sum Ti+Al+Ta+Nb lies between 15.5% and 17%, the atomic sum Ta+Nb+Mo+1/2 W lies between 4% and 5.5%, the atomic sum Ti+Al+Ta+Nb+Mo+1/2 W lies between 17.5% and 19% and the atomic sum Ti+Al lies between 12.8% and 14.5%.

Abstract: The invention relates to an alloy suitable for making single-crystal castings and to a casting made thereof. The alloy comprises, by weight percent, Chromium 10-16%, Cobalt 4-16%, Molybdenum 2-4%, Tungsten 0-2%, Tantalum 2-8%, the sum of ##EQU1## lying between 5 and 7%, Aluminium 4-6%, Titanium 1-4% the sum of ##EQU2## lying between 5 and 7%. Carbon 0.015-0.05%, Boron 0-0.01%, Zirconium 0-0.01%, the balance being nickel plus incidental impurities.

Abstract: A GaAs single crystal containing at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of B, Si, S, Te and In in a concentration of at least 10.sup.15 /cm.sup.3, fluctuation of which is not larger than 20% in a plane perpendicular to a growth direction of the single crystal, which is prepared by pulling up the GaAs single crystal from a GaAs raw material melt contained in a crucible which is encapsulated with a liquid encapsulating layer in an inactive gas atmosphere at a high pressure with applying a magnetic field to the raw material melt.

Abstract: Alignment of the [001] crystal axis of a face centered cubic metal with the primary z axis of a single crystal article provides good thermal fatigue resistance along the z axis, and minimizes cracking transverse to the axis. However, significant cracking is still observed parallel the z axis in severe applications. This cracking can be reduced by controlling the secondary crystallographic orientation (i.e., orientation of crystal axes within x-y planes transverse to the z axis), to make the [110] crystal axis tangent to the article surface in the region most prone to thermal fatigue cracking. Algorithims derived from empirical relationships enable calculation of the orientation likely to produce improved fatigue resistance. More durable single crystal gas turbine blades result when the [110] crystal axis is made tangent to the blade surface in the critical crack prone regions just behind the leading edge of the airfoil at about 40-80% of the airfoil span.

Abstract: Corrosion resistant, high strength, superalloy single crystal articles are described. Starting with a nominal composition of 11.75% Cr, 9% Co, 1.75% Mo, 4.5% W, 2.5% Ta, 2.5% Al, 4% Ti, balance essentially nickel, intentional additions are made of carbon and extra tantalum. From 0.05-0.15% carbon is added along with sufficient tantalum to combine with the carbon to form tantalum carbon. The resultant articles have substantially improved hot corrosion resistance and creep properties.

Abstract: Monocarbide reinforced nickel-base eutectic superalloys which are particularly characterized by improved resistance to the formation of surface nucleated carbides and are, therefore, especially suited for making unidirectionally solidified anisotropic metallic bodies in the form of vanes and rotating blades for aircraft gas turbine engines are provided.

Abstract: Concepts relating to the heat treatment of single crystal superalloy articles are disclosed. A first concept is the use of a heat treatment sequence which includes incipient melting of the article being heat treated followed by one or more steps which essentially heal the incipient melting damage. A second concept relates to the treatment of previously heat treated single crystal articles which have incipient melting. Methods are disclosed for healing this damage and for recovering the mechanical properties of such articles. A third concept disclosed is a particular cycle which permits effective heat treatment of a specific single crystal alloy composition.

Abstract: More than two isoelectronic impurities are doped in a host crystal of compound semiconductors of groups III-V.An impurity atom forms a covalent bond with a host atom. Although the real bond length "A" between an impurity and a host atom in the crystal cannot be measured, it can be surmised from the bond length "a" between two atoms in a pure two-component crystal consisting of the elements same with the impurity atom and the host atom. The bond length between host atoms in the crystal is called standard bond length "a.sub.0 ". Definite and measurable bond length "a" replaces the real unknown bond length "A". The impurity whose replaced bond length "a.sub.1 " is shorter than "a.sub.0 " is called an under-impurity. The impurity whose replaced bond length "a.sub.2 " is longer than "a.sub.0 " is called an over-impurity.In this invention at least one under-impurity and at least one over-impurity are doped in the host single crystal. From the concentrations "x.sub.1 " and "x.sub.

Abstract: The alloy is a nickel base, superalloy specifically intended for the making of castings which consist of a single crystal. The castings are intended for use under extreme conditions of high temperature and stress. The alloy, for the first time, achieves the desired characteristics of phase stability, high stress-rupture strength and resistance to oxidation while maintaining a sufficient temperature differential between gamma prime solvus and incipient melting temperatures, that it is practical to solution heat treat without unacceptable percentages of rejects due to failure either to completely solution the primary coarse gamma prime or to initiation of incipient melting. In a modified form the coated oxidation/corrosion resistance of the alloy is increased by the addition of a trace quantity of hafnium.

Abstract: Nickel base superalloys intended for use at low to moderate temperatures are provided with improved corrosion resistance by the addition of from 0.2 to 0.6% manganese. The manganese addition also improves the creep properties of the alloys. The manganese modified alloys are suited for use as elements in gas turbine engines for marine environments.

Abstract: An improved eutectic superalloy composition is described. The eutectic composition upon solidification forms a gamma matrix, containing a substantial quantity of particles of the gamma prime phase, and containing about 12% by volume of aligned continuous chromium carbide fibers (Cr.sub.3 C.sub.2). Material of this composition is provided with significantly improved mechanical properties and surface stability through the addition of approximately one atomic percent of the material selected from the group consisting of manganese, technetium and rhenium. Directionally solidified articles of this composition have utility as gas turbine engine components.

Abstract: A single crystal nickel base superalloy component, such as a gas turbine blade (20, 28) is mechanically deformed at elevated temperature to improve the yield strength of a portion which is used at temperatures below 800.degree. C., compared to a portion which is used at a higher temperature. A blade (20) has a root (22) which is deformed by 2-14% at 700.degree.-1100.degree. C. and an airfoil (24) which is not deformed. The root yield strength is increased 15-50% while the airfoil creep strength is maintained.

Abstract: Monocarbide reinforced nickel-base eutectic superalloys which are substantially phase stable and have improved high temperature stress-rupture strength with improved resistance to the formation of surface nucleated carbides are provided. These superalloys are especially suited for making unidirectionally solidified anisotropic metallic bodies in the form of vanes and rotating blades for aircraft gas turbine engines.

Abstract: A nickel-chromium-cobalt base alloy having an improved combination of creep-rupture strength at elevated temperatures, resistance to corrosion in sulfur and chloride-containing environments, structural stability at elevated temperatures and good castability.Articles and parts cast from the alloy, in particular directionally-solidified castings, are suitable for use in gas turbine engines, e.g., for stationary land-based and marine propulsion turbines.

Abstract: A processing sequence is described for producing specific controlled elongated oriented crystal structures in nickel base superalloys. The method is performed in the solid state. Superalloy material is provided in a dense workable form. The material is cold straight rolled and cold cross rolled with intermediate anneals. This sequence produces a particular texture or preferred orientation in the rolled article. This textured article is then directionally recrystallized to produce the desired final microstructure comprised of aligned elongated grains of a particular controllable orientation.

Abstract: Single crystal superalloy articles of a composition similar to that of IN-939 are given a combined coating and heat treatment cycle. The cycle includes a solution treatment step, a coating application step, a post coating treatment at a temperature above the gamma prime solvus and one or more aging steps. Articles so treated have improved mechanical properties.

Abstract: An Fe-Cr-Co type magnet body of columnar structure having a maximum energy product (BH).sub.max of 7 MGOe or higher consisting essentially of, by weight ratio, 5-30% cobalt, 15-40% chromium, 0.1-10% molybdenum, 0.05-1.2% titanium and 0.1-5% vanadium, with the balance being iron and inevitable impurities, said body having been subjected to columnar-crystallization.

Abstract: A relatively low-density Nickel based superalloy particularly suitable for use in the form of a single crystal casting comprised by weight percent:Chromium: 7-13%Aluminium: 5-7%Titanium: 2-5%Cobalt: 4-16%Molybdenum and/or Ruthenium: 1-4%Vanadium: 0-2%Carbon: 0-0.05%Balance Nickel plus incidental impurities, the density of the alloy being less than 7.9 kg/dm.sup.3.

Abstract: An improved alloy for use in directional solidification casting is disclosed in which the proportions of carbon, zirconium, tungsten and molybdenum have been changed to produce a new ultra high strength casting alloy free of the problem of grain boundary cracking which has been encountered in the production of directional solidification castings of this type of alloy and to minimize M.sub.6 C plate phase formation in turbine blades under high temperature conditions over extended operating periods. In addition there is disclosed the unexpected characteristic of the alloy's substantial increase in fracture toughness and tensile ductility under extreme operating conditions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing bars made of an alloy by unidirectional solidification.The mold is moved relative to a hot source and a cold source disposed below the hot source. The relative positions of the two sources as well as their efficiency and the displacement speed of the mold are set so that there is established within the alloy contained in the mold a planar solidification front with a high thermal gradient at the level of the front, and so that there is produced an orientation of the structure of the alloy which is perpendicular to the solidification front. During the whole duration of the solidification, the mold is fed with alloy powder having the required nominal composition at the rate corresponding to the quantity of alloy solidified per unit of time.

Abstract: An alloy composition intended for use in the form of a single crystal casting comprises a modified nickel-based superalloy. The alloy consists essentially of, by weight percent,7-13% Chromium,0-15% Cobalt,1.25-3% Titanium+1/2 Niobium,4.5-6.7% Aluminium,3-12% Tungsten,0-3.5% Molybdenum,0-5% Tantalum,0-2% Hafnium,0-1.5% Vanadium,0.015-0.05% Carbon,0-0.01% Boron,0-0.05% Zirconium,Balance essentially Nickel plus incidental impurities.The invention also contemplates a heat treatment for the alloy comprising initially heating to 1300.degree.-1320.degree. C. followed by cooling to room temperature and ageing the alloy at a temperature of about 870.degree. C. for 16 hours.

Abstract: Aluminium-silicon alloys of the following composition by weight:______________________________________ Si 12-15% Cu 1.5-5.5%, preferably 1.5-4% Ni 1.0-3.0% Mg 0.1-1.0% preferably 0.4-1.0% Fe 0.1-1.0% preferably 0.1-0.5% Mn 0.1-0.8% Zr 0.01-0.1% Modifier (preferably Sr) 0.001-0.1% preferably 0.01-0.05% Ti 0.01-0.1% Al Remainder, apart from impurities. ______________________________________Superior properties are obtained by control of growth rate of the solid phase during solidification and the temperature gradient at the solid-liquid interface. The alloys of the invention are suitable for a wide variety of applications, including brake calipers and drums, piston/bore applications in internal combustion engines and a number of other components in engines, compressors and electric motors. A particular application of the alloys of the invention is in aluminium cylinder heads.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for increasing the lifetime of a refrary composite material piece comprising a metallic matrix and a reinforcing phase consisting of aligned monocrystalline fibers made of a metallic carbide, when the piece has suffered a plastic deformation in the direction of said fibers. The invention consists in restoring the initial qualities of the piece by subjecting it to a high temperature, inferior to the melting point of the material, more precisely at the temperature at which the piece resumes its initial length after being cooled at ambient temperature. The invention is particularly applicable to pieces forming turbine blades for aircrafts.