Abstract: A method of heat treatment of wire including cooling the wire stock immediately after the stock leaves the rolling heat region to a temperature below the starting temperature of martensite formation and, thereafter, forming wire coils.

Abstract: Clad steel roiled section suitable for reinforcing concrete is disclosed, which is produced from a bimetallic ingot comprising a basic material containing a group of alloy elements including Si and Al, and a surface layer of a ferritic or austenitic stainless steel containing a group of alloy elements including Cr and Ni, by hot rolling the ingot to an intermediate billet and a rolled section, and subjecting the rolled section to heat treatment. A feature of the reinforcing clad steel rolled products is that the basic material is steel containing, in percent by weight, from 1.0 to 5.0 Si and from 0.1 to 5.0 Al, with the proviso that 3.0≦(Si+Al)≦6.0. The reinforcing clad rolled products exhibit superior mechanical strength and impact toughness, improved corrosion resistance and high bond strength between the layers and with concrete.

Abstract: A steel wire of pearlite structure containing 0.8-1.0 mass % of C and 0.8-1.5 mass % of Si is disclosed. In the cross section of the steel wire the average hardness in a region up to 100 &mgr;m from the surface thereof is at least 50 higher that that in a deeper region based on micro-Vickers hardness. The steel wire is manufactured by working a wire rod having the abovementioned chemical composition through shaving, patenting and drawing processes, then strain-relief annealing the resultant wire, and thereafter subjecting the thus annealed wire to a short peening process. The steel wire can be produced through a drawing process without applying a quenching and tempering process, and are superior in heat resistance and fatigue strength.

Abstract: The present invention provides a steel bar or wire rod for cold forging excellent in ductility after spheroidizing annealing and capable of preventing the occurrence of cracking in the steel material during cold forging, which cracking has so far been a problem when manufacturing machine structural components by cold forging, and a method to produce the same. Specifically, a steel bar or wire rod for cold forging according to the present invention has a chemical composition comprising, in mass, 0.1 to 0.65% of C, 0.01 to 0.5% of Si, 0.2 to 1.7% of Mn, 0.001 to 0.15% of S, 0.015 to 0.1% of Al, 0.0005 to 0.007% of B, and the restricted elements of 0.035% or less of P, 0.01% or less of N and 0.003% or less of O, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and is characterized in that: the area percentage of ferrite structure is 10% or less at the portion from the surface to the depth of 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wire rod for high fatigue-strength steel wire of small diameter, and a wire rod used in steel wire obtained by twisting these together, a steel wire and a method of producing the same. The wire rod for steel wire and the steel wire have a microstructure obtained by controlled cooling following hot rolling of a steel, containing, in mass %, 0.6-1.3% of C, 0.1-1.5% of Si and 0.2-1.5% of Mn wherein the area ratio of upper bainite measured in a cross-section thereof is 5-50%, the remainder being substantially composed of pearlite. The production method thereof comprises drawing and patenting a wire rod of 5-16 mm diameter having the aforesaid composition to obtain a wire of 0.8-2.8 mm diameter, then austenitizing the wire, quenching it to a temperature range of 500-560° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hot rolled steel wire rod or bar for machine structural use having, in the as-hot-rolled condition, cold workability equal to that of the conventional wire rods or bars softened through annealing after hot rolling, and a method to produce the same: and relates to a hot rolled steel wire rod or bar for machine structural use, characterized in that; the wire rod or bar is made from a steel consisting of, in weight, 0.1 to 0.5% of C, 0.01 to 0.5% of Si, 0.3 to 1.5% of Mn, and the balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities and containing strengthening elements as required; its microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite; its ferrite crystal grain size number defined under Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) G 0552 is 11 or higher; and a granular carbide 2 &mgr;m or less in circle-equivalent diameter and having an aspect ratio of 3 or less accounts for a percentage area of 3 to 15%.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The strip and powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from 2-7 additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: A steel wire of pearlite structure containing 0.8-1.0 mass % of C and 0.8-1.5 mass % of Si is disclosed. In the cross section of the steel wire the difference in average hardness between a region up to 100 &mgr;m from the surface thereof and a deeper region is within 50 in micro-Vickers hardness. The steel wire is manufactured by working a wire rod having the abovementioned chemical composition through shaving, patenting and drawing processes, then strain-relief annealing the resultant wire, and thereafter subjecting the thus annealed to a shot peening process. The steel wire has a high heat resistance and a high fatigue strength, and can be produced through a drawing process without applying a quenching and tempering process.

Abstract: In a method for producing fine wire, in particular, card wire, an optionally already treated wire blank is transformed by a heat treatment process into a drawable state, the wire blank is drawn to a drawn wire, and, subsequently, the drawn wire is subjected to a hardening and tempering process in order to obtain predetermined mechanical properties by passing the drawn wire through at least one of a furnace device and a cooling device having previously already been employed for performing the heat treatment process. The furnace device has a furnace chamber, receiving at least one wire portion, with a heat distribution block arranged in the area where the wire portion is received. The heat distribution block is designed to uniformly heat the wire portion. The cooling device has a fluidized chamber containing a flowable material. A fluid introduction arrangement is provided to introduce a fluidizing fluid into the fluidized chamber.

Abstract: A method for heat-treating steel, which method uses a coolant having a large coefficient of heat transfer and which method treats the steel at low cost and in an environment-friendly manner (no pollution), and an apparatus for the method. The heat-treatment method cools austenitized steel in a coolant, which is a mixture of solid particles and water. It is desirable to cool the steel by passing it through a deposited layer of the solid particles in the water. It is desirable that the solid particles be oxides or graphite powders. It is also desirable to fluidize the solid particles. One type of the heat-treatment apparatus submerges steel in a coolant bath described below. The coolant bath comprises (a) a liquid bath that contains water and (b) a solid-particle bath that is partitioned in the liquid bath by a mesh and that contains solid particles. The mesh has openings smaller than the particle diameter of the solid particles.

Abstract: A spring steel which is superior in both shaving properties and green drawing properties, which are important in spring production. A process for making the spring steel into wire rods for good springs. A rolled spring steel superior in workability characterized in that it has the following mechanical properties. Tensile strength≦1200 MPa 30%≦reduction of area≦70% A process for producing a steel wire rod for springs from said spring steel, said process comprising drawing, shaving, and oil tempering, which are carried out sequentially, said drawing being optionally followed by prescribed treatment.

Abstract: In a method for producing fine wire, in particular, card wire, an optionally already treated wire blank is transformed by a heat treatment process into a drawable state, the wire blank is drawn to a drawn wire, and, subsequently, the drawn wire is subjected to a hardening and tempering process in order to obtain predetermined mechanical properties by passing the drawn wire through at least one of a furnace device and a cooling device having previously already been employed for performing the heat treatment process. The furnace device has a furnace chamber, receiving at least one wire portion, with a heat distribution block arranged in the area where the wire portion is received. The heat distribution block is designed to uniformly heat the wire portion. The cooling device has a fluidized chamber containing a flowable material. A fluid introduction arrangement is provided to introduce a fluidizing fluid into the fluidized chamber.

Abstract: This invention provides an oil-tempered wire having high strength (tensile strength of not less than 1960 MPa) and excellent workability and specifically provides a steel wire for high-strength springs comprising as steel components, in weight percent, C   0.4-0.7% Si   1.2-2.5% Mn   0.1-0.5% Cr   0.4-2.0% Al 0.0001-0.005%, and being limited to P not more than 0.015% and S not more than 0.015%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, the steel wire having no nonmetallic inclusions of a size greater than 15 &mgr;m, a tensile strength of not less than 1960 MPa, and a yield ratio (&sgr;0.2/&sgr;B) of not less than 0.8 and not greater than 0.9 or a yield ratio (&sgr;0.2/&sgr;B) of not less than 0.8 and an amount of residual austenite of not greater than 6%. This invention also provides a method of producing the steel wire.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a high-carbon steel wire having high strength and superior in resistance to longitudinal cracking, a steel for said high-carbons steel wire, and a process for producing said steel. The high-carbon steel wire is characterized in that the essential components are C (0.65-1.2 wt %), Si (0.1-2.0 wt %), Mn (0.2-2.0 wt %), and Fe, the main phase is pearlite, and the ferrite area ratio is less than 0.40 % in the surface layer up to a depth of 50 &mgr;m from the surface. The high-carbon steel may further contain B (0.0003-0.0050 wt %), Ti (less than 0.030 wt %), and N (less than 0.0050 wt %), with the amount of B, Ti, and N satisfying the following equation 0.03≦B/(Ti/3.43−N)≦5.0 The resulting steel wire produced in the usual way contains ferrite in an amount less than 0.40 wt % in its surface layer. This low ferrite content is responsible for good resistance to longitudinal cracking because ferrite causes longitudinal cracking to start from it.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for manufacturing steel wire comprising the following steps: manufacturing a reinforcing wire of sizeable length by rolling or hot wire drawing from steel containing the following elements: 0.18% to 0.45 % C, 0.4% to 1.8% Mn, 1% to 4% Cr, 0.1% to 0.6% Si, 0% to 1.5% Mo, 0% to 1.5% Ni, at most 0.01% S and 0.02% P, the reinforcing wire having, after being rolled or hot drawn, a temperature at least higher than the AC3 temperature, preferably by 50 to 200° C. and in particular by 100 to 150° C.; winding the wire in reels before air cooling the raw manufacturing wire to obtain a HRC hardness not less than 40 and preferably higher than 45. In a variant, the method consists in quenching and tempering so that the wire has a hardness between 20 HRC and 35 HRC. The invention also concerns a reinforcing wire and a flexible tube for carrying effluents.

Abstract: When an electrical potential is applied to a metal or a metallic solution or a metal that is close to the melting point or a metal that is molten the electric charges are either drawn off and the metal has a high positive potential or a surfeit of electric charges are added and the metal has a high negative potential. When the metal is heated and then cooled, under said potential, the internal structure of the metal is changed. The crystal structure can become nano crystaline and or amorphous dependent upon the alloying elements, the potential and the temperature. This process has applications in inductive electrical parts as well as metalic structual materials.

Abstract: The steel wire rod contains oxides which comprises, on the weight % basis, SiO2, 70% or more; CaO+Al2O3, less than 20%; and ZrO2, 0.1 to 10% in the average composition of oxides of 2 &mgr;m or more in width on a longitudinal section thereof. This wire rod is excellent in cold workability such as drawability, and steel wires which have high fatigue strength can be produced from this wire rod as stock steel.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for annealing strand wires or strips in a fluidized bed reactor having an atmosphere of fluidized gases flowing through fluidized particles. The method provides for stratifying the atmosphere of fluidized gases by passing a reducing gas through the fluidized particles in the fluidized bed. The wires are passed between the fluidized particles at a location near the bottom of the fluidized bed. Finally, an amount of oxygen-containing gas is injected on top of said fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a homogeneous wire of inter-metallic alloy comprising the steps of providing a base-metal wire bundle comprising a metal, an alloy or a combination thereof; working the wire bundle through at least one die to obtain a desired dimension and to form a precursor wire; and, controllably heating the precursor wire such that a portion of the wire will become liquid while simultaneously maintaining its desired shape, whereby substantial homogenization of the wire occurs in the liquid state and additional homogenization occurs in the solid state resulting in a homogenous alloy product.

Abstract: A process of patenting at least one steel wire (10) with a diameter less than 2.8 mm. The cooling is alternatingly done by film boiling in water (14, 16) during one or more water cooling periods and in air during one or more air cooling periods. A water cooling period immediately follows an air cooling period and vice versa. The number of the water cooling periods, the number of the air cooling periods, the length of each water cooling period are so chosen so as to avoid the formation of martensite or bainite.

Abstract: An INVAR.RTM. or iron nickel alloy or iron nickel cobalt alloy wire has an area ratio of carbide existing at the grain boundaries of the wire in the finished wire of at most 4%, or an average grain size in the transverse direction within a range of 1 to 5 .mu.m. Such a wire has a superior twisting property.

Abstract: A cooling shaft for the rollers of a roller conveyor includes a flow duct for the cooling medium and an outlet opening. The cooling shaft includes the flow duct for the cooling medium and at least one length portion extending upwardly from the flow duct, wherein the length portion has an outlet opening and ends below the axes of the rollers. The cross-section of the flow duct in the transition from the flow duct and the length portion is smaller than the outlet opening and at least one side of the length portion is curved outwardly.

Abstract: A ready-to-use metal wire comprising microalloyed steel with a structure almost entirely made up of a cold-hammered annealed martensite is disclosed. The wire diameter is of at least 0.10 mm and at most 0.50 mm, and the ultimate tensile strength of the wire is of at least 2800 MPa. The method of producing said wire comprises deforming a wire rod, performing a hardening heat treatment on the deformed wire and heating it to an annealing temperature to cause the formation of a structure almost entirely made up of annealed martensite. The wire is then cooled and deformed. Assemblies comprising at least one such wire, and wire or assemblies used in particular for reinforcing pneumatic tires, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The anchoring of the carcass reinforcing elements 1 is assured by circumferential cables 2, with the interposition of a connecting rubber composition 3. The circumferential cable 2 is arranged in several turns forming one or more helices. These circumferential cables have an operational elongation rate A.sub.f =A.sub.e +A.sub.p of more than 4%. This operational elongation rate does not include the specific elongation A.sub.s of the "cable" effect. The maximum stress R.sub.m of the cable 2 is preferably more than 2000 MPa. The cables have undergone a heat treatment which has, in combination, the features of being a recovery annealing treatment and which is carried out directly on cable comprising wires previously separately covered by an adherent coating.

Abstract: A grinding rod chemistry enhances wearability and durability of a steel rod and comprises levels of carbon to achieve a surface hardness in excess of 55 Rockwell C and levels of chromium which achieve significant depth in the formed outer martensite shell. The grinding rod has a core greater than 99% pearlite with a hardness less than 45 Rockwell C and the end portions of the rod are soft and have a hardness less than 35 Rockwell C. The steel bar of the selected chemistry is treated by reheating to above its austenitising temperature, transferring with minimal cooling to an open tubular quench vessel while securing the bar in the vessel to minimize bar warping, introducing quench water into the inlet end of the vessel and passing the liquid through the vessel to ensure uniform heat removal. The outer martensite shell is tempered by allowing the bar to soak back after quenching.

Abstract: A grinding rod having a hardened outer shell of tempered martensite is adapted for use in heavy duty grinding environments. The rod is stress relieved to reduce internal compressive stresses in the tempered martensitic shell to less than 60 ksi and greater than 15 ksi. Such stress relieve stabilizes the rod against break-up as caused by the balancing tensile stresses in the pearlitic core exceeding tensile strength of the core.

Abstract: A method of coiling or placing bar steel or wire in coils, wherein the rolling stock is reeled from rolling heat in a basket or is placed by a coiler in the form of coils onto a conveyor and is collected at the end of the conveyor over a mandrel into a coil, wherein the rolling stock is cooled during coiling and the rolling stock is further cooled after the coiling process or the formation of coils. Cooling of the rolling stock from rolling heat prior to coiling into the transformation range characterized by the Ar.sub.3 line or Ar.sub.1 line of the transformation time-temperature diagram corresponding to the type of steel to be cooled is extended, such that, depending on the type of steel, the rolling stock is transformed immediately after cooling prior to, during or after coiling, uniformly over the entire length and entire cross-section thereof essentially isothermally from the austenite phase into the ferrite phase or pearlite phase and, as required, into the bainite phase.

Abstract: A process for heat treating a steel bar to produce a grinding rod having a softer core of at least 99% pearlite and having a hardness of less than 45 Rockwell C, an outer shell of martensite having a hardness of at least 50 Rockwell C and softer end portions having a hardness of less than 35 Rockwell C, where the softer end portions each having an engineered heat treated length less than 15 cm, comprises reheating a formed steel bar to above its austenitising temperature, transferring with minimal cooling the reheated bar to an open tubular quench vessel while securing the bar in the vessel to minimize bar warping in the vessel during quenching, introducing quench water into an inlet end of the vessel and passing the quench liquid along the vessel at high surface velocities exceeding 4 meters per second relative to bar surface to minimize thereby production of steam along the bar length and ensure uniform heat removal and removing quench water at an outlet end of the vessel, quenching the bar in the vessel fo

Abstract: Magnetic heat treatment of steel, characterized by transforming steel containing about 0.01 to 2.0 mass % of carbon in a magnetic field having a gradient of about 0.1 T/cm or more and about 10 T/cm or less (absolute value) at the Curie point or lower, to effectively refine the microstructure by subjecting the steel to heat treatment in a strong magnetic field having a gradient, followed by advantageously improving the mechanical properties of the steel.

Abstract: This invention discloses a process for producing a high strength filament, said process comprising the steps of: (1) heating a steel wire to a temperature which is within the range of about 850.degree. C. to about 1100.degree. C. for a period of at least about 2 seconds; wherein said steel wire consists essentially of about 96.61 to about 98.905 weight percent iron, from about 0.72 to about 1.04 weight percent carbon, from about 0.3 to about 0.8 weight percent manganese, from about 0.05 to about 0.4 weight percent silicon, from about 0.02 to about 0.3 weight percent copper, and from about 0.005 to about 0.85 weight percent of at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium, vanadium, nickel and boron, with the proviso that the total amount of silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium, nickel and boron in the microalloyed high carbon steel is within the range of about 0.7 to 0.

Abstract: A steel wire is composed mainly of fine pearlite and/or coarse pearlite, where the lamellar cementite in the pearlite is amorphous or amorphous-like. Alternatively, the wire may be composed mainly of bainite, where the cementite in the bainite is amorphous or amorphous-like. To manufacture the steel wire, a starting steel product is subjected repeatedly to patenting and cold drawing, and then subjected to final drawing at a true strain of 2.0 or above while cooling. The steel wire is higher in strength and toughness than wire whose lamellar cementite consists of nano crystals. The steel wire does not suffer any delamination when subjected to torsion.

Abstract: A thermocouple formed of a length of a single composition having first solid phase section adjoining a second solid phase section, and a transition therebetween. One method of making such thermocouples is to raise the temperature of the first solid phase section above its transformation temperature while maintaining the temperature of a second adjoining solid phase section of the length of material below its transformation temperature. A second method includes rapidly solidifying a molten material by contacting it with a moving substrate formed of adjoining regions of differing thermal conductivity. A third method includes rapidly solidifying a molten material by alternatingly contacting it with a cooling fluid and air. A fourth method includes transforming a section of a length of material in a first solid to a second solid phase by mechanical means.

Abstract: The present process comprising the steps of:(1) heating a steel wire to a temperature which is within the range of approximately 850.degree. C. to about 1050.degree. C. for a period of at least about 2 seconds; wherein said steel wire is comprised of a microalloyed high carbon steel which consists essentially of about 97.03 to about 98.925 weight percent iron, from about 0.72 to about 0.92 weight percent carbon, from about 0.3 to about 0.8 weight percent manganese, from about 0.05 to about 0.4 weight percent silicon, and from about 0.005 to about 0.85 weight percent of at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium, vanadium, nickel, and boron, with the proviso that the total amount of silicon, manganese, chromium, vanadium, nickel, and boron in the microalloyed high carbon steel is within the range of about 0.7 to 0.9 weight percent;(2) continuously cooling the steel wire at a cooling rate of less than 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of producing an intended breaking point at a predetermined location of a tension member for a soil anchor of a strain-hardened steel or a steel which is not which is not in a thermodynamic equilibrium, for example, a wire or a steel wire strand, to enable removal of the free steel length after use by applying a tensile force which exceeds the working load. The predetermined breaking point is obtained by heating the tension member at a predetermined location in a controlled manner to a temperature at which the state of strain-hardening or the state of being not in a thermodynamic equilibrium is at least partially cancelled, wherein the predetermined breaking point has a breaking load which is equal to or smaller than the breaking load of the untreated tension member, but greater than the yield point of the untreated tension member.

Abstract: Method of straightening a metal bar in which the metal bar is straightened by transporting the metal bar between a pair of rollers at a first straightening pressure. An outer layer portion of the metal bar is then removed in order to provide the metal bar with a reduced diameter and a substantially round cross-section. The metal bar is then again straightened by transporting the metal bar between a pair of rollers at a second straightening pressure. Subsequent to such straightening step, the metal bar desirably is heat treated under stress relieving conditions.

Abstract: This invention provides high-carbon steel wire rod and wire excellent in drawability and methods of producing the same.The high-carbon steel wire rod or wire is characterized in that it contains, in weight percent, C: 0.90-1.10%, Si: not more than 0.40% and Mn: not more than 0.50%, is limited to P: not more than 0.02%, S: not more than 0.01% and Al: not more than 0.003%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has a microstructure of, in terms of area ratio, not less than 80% upper bainite texture obtained by two-stepped transformation and an Hv of not more than 450. The high-carbon steel wire rod or wire may additionally contain Cr: 0.10-0.30% as an alloying component.

Abstract: This invention relates to high-carbon steel wire rod and wire excellent in drawability and methods of producing the same.The high carbon steel wire rod or wire excellent in is characterized in that it contains, in weight percent, C: 0.70-1.20%, Si: 0.15-1.00% and Mn: 0.30-0.90%, further contains as alloying components one or both of Al: 0.006-0.100 and Ti: 0.01-0.35%, is limited to P: not more than 0.02% and S: not more than 0.01%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has a microstructure of, in terms of area ratio, not less than 80% upper bainite texture obtained by two-stepped transformation and an Hv of not more than 450. The high-carbon steel wire rod or wire may additionally contain Cr: 0.10-0.50% as an alloying component.

Abstract: This invention relates to high-carbon steel wire rod and wire excellent in drawability and methods of producing the same.The high carbon steel wire rod or wire excellent in is characterized in that it contains, in weight percent, C: 0.80-0.90%, Si: 0.10-1.50% and Mn: 0.10-1.00, is limited to P: not more than 0.02%, S: not more than 0.01% and Al: not more than 0.003%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, and has a microstructure of, in terms of area ratio, not less than 80% upper bainite texture obtained by two-stepped transformation and an Hv of not more than 450. The high-carbon steel wire rod or wire may additionally contain Cr: 0.10-1.00% as an alloying component.The high-carbon steel wire rod or wire according to this invention can be drawn to an appreciably higher reduction of area than prior art products and also has improved delamination resistance property.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing a patented steel wire having a microstructure which is essentially pearlite with a very fine lamellar spacing between carbide and ferrite platelets which has good ductility and which can be drawn to develop high tensile strength, said process comprising the steps of:(1) heating a steel wire to a temperature which is within the range of approximately 850.degree. C. to about 1050.degree. C. for a period of at least about 2 seconds; wherein said steel wire is comprised of a microalloyed high carbon steel which consists essentially of about 97.03 to about 98.925 weight percent iron, from about 0.72 to about 0.92 weight percent carbon, from about 0.3 to about 0.8 weight percent manganese, from about 0.05 to about 0.4 weight percent silicon, and from about 0.005 to about 0.

Abstract: A conveyor moves forward an unconcentrically spiralled loose coil of steel wire rod having a temperature not lower than Ar.sub.3 into a retention bath of molten salt for heat treatment. Just before entering the retention bath, the coil is quenched by spraying a solution of molten salt kept at a temperature between 400.degree. and 600.degree. C. and not higher than the temperature of the retention bath either from above and below or from only above the coil. Then, the quenched coil is retained in the retention bath of molten salt kept at a temperature between 400.degree. and 600.degree. C., thereby causing pearlite transformation and forming a fine pearlite structure in the wire rod.

Abstract: A metal wire having a substrate and a coating. The substrate is a steel the carbon content of which is equal to at least 0.05% and at most 0.6%, this steel having a structure comprising more than 90% work-hardened tempered martensite. The substrate is coated with a metal alloy other than steel. Method of obtaining this wire. A steel machine wire comprising 28% to 96% proeutectoid ferrite and 72% to 4% pearlite is work hardened. A hardening treatment is carried out in order to obtain a structure comprising more than 90% martensite. A depositing of metals is then effected, the wire is heated to cause the formation of an alloy and the formation of a structure comprising more than 90% tempered martensite. The wire is cooled and work hardened. This wire is used, for instance, to reinforce tires.

Abstract: Methods of making an improved high performance x-ray system having an improved cathode assembly which reduces tube failure due to filament misalignment or sagging and prevents costly reflashing of the filament during the manufacturing process is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a new method for continuous heat treatment to be applied to the production of oil tempered steel wires for springs having high strength and high toughness to meet the requirement for weight reduction.The heat treatments are applicable to a medium carbon low alloy spring steel which does not undergo martensitic transformation substantially upon oil hardening alone. It comprises performing two-step accelerated hardening consistin of oil hardening and immediately following water hardening and subsequently performing tempering. The medium carbon low alloy steel is one which consists 0.40-0.65% carbon and Si and Mn as essential components and further at least one species of Cr, Ni, Mo, and V, and have the chemical composition corresponding to and Mf point lower than 80.degree. C. (preferably 10.degree.-70.degree. C.). It is desirable that the oil be wiped from the steel wire after the oil hardening and before the water hardening.

Abstract: A wire-mesh gasket fashioned from heat-treatable materials such as beryllium copper alloy wire is knitted or braided into a tubular structure. Plural wires may be used. Various cross-sectional configurations such as circular, teardrop, double lobed, and finned with and without cores are available. Cores may be air, elastomeric, or wire mesh. The formed tubular structure is heat-treated after forming using appropriate time-temperature cycles to strengthen and/or stress relieve the material.

Abstract: A thermomechanical method for improving the fatigue characteristics of a metallic material (for example carbon steel and low alloy steel) takes advantage of the materials' plastic flow characteristics to improve external and internal surface conditions. The material is heated to a temperature in the range of about 0.3 to 0.45 its homologous temperature, e.g., from about 200 degrees C to about the Young's Modulus Transition Temperature of said material. While the temperature of the material is in this range, force is applied to the material to produce in at least the region of said material to be treated a tensile stress level greater than the yield point of said material at the temperature, and thereby to produce limited plastic elongation in the region. The material is then cooled under stress, the stress being maintained above the instantaneous yield point of the material during at least part of the cooling process. As a result of this process, the shape of existing stress raisers (e.g.

Abstract: The fine steel wire according to the present invention has a high strength and high toughness, which is used as a rubber reinforcing material for a belt cord or tire cord, or as missile wires. Such a fine steel wire can be obtained by drawing a wire rod for a fine steel wire properly adjusted in its composition and structure, while applying working strain such that the total reduction of area in the final wire drawing step becomes 95% or more.

Abstract: A method for direct patenting of a hot-rolled wire rod comprises the steps of: transporting a hot-rolled wire rod on a conveyer in a state that said wire rod is in a form of continuous series of loops; blasting mist to the surface of said wire rod at least from above and blasting air to the back side of the wire rod from below to cool the wire rod at a rate of 12.degree. C. to 50.degree. C./sec. down to 550.degree. C. to 400.degree. C. during the transportation, the mist provides 200 to 2400 l/min. water and has an air to water ratio of 200 Nm.sup.3 /m.sup.3 or less; and reheating the cooled wire rod at a rate of 3.degree. C./sec. or less, or cooling the cooled wire rod slowly at a rate of 2.degree. C./sec. or less during the transportation.

Abstract: A mining and construction bit body is composed of a Mn-B steel alloy composition. The alloy content of the composition in percents by weight includes: carbon, 0.33-0.38; manganese, 1.10-1.35; boron, 0.0005 minimum; silicon 0.15-0.30; sulfur, 0.045 maximum; and phosphorus, 0.035 maximum. The composition has a minimum hardenability of 47 Rockwell C at the Jominy 6/16 position and a maximum as-rolled hardness of 22 Rockwell C such that without anneal the composition meets hardenability and machinability requirements that make it useful for fabricating mining and construction bit bodies of all sizes.