Abstract: A process for making an iron-based casting alloy is performed by combining an iron-carbon-chromium system with primary carbides of vanadium, niobium, titanium, or combinations thereof without eutectic carbides of vanadium, niobium and titanium. Eutectic chromium carbides (M7C3) are also formed without primary chromium carbides. Proeutectic austenite can also be formed in the alloy.

Abstract: Composition and process for the manufacture of wear-resistant white iron, and articles made therefrom. A melt is solidified that contains iron, carbon and at least two carbide forming elements selected from silicon, manganese, chromium or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the melt contains one or more additional alloying elements selected from vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum or mixtures thereof. The alloying elements are incorporated in the melt in proportions and amounts sufficient to form, during solidification, a eutectic that is based on a metastable, non-cementite type carbide.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating composition comprising dissolved phosphate, dissolved aluminum, dissolved dichromate, inorganic colloidal particles and a water miscible organic component including an effective film-forming amount of a water miscible material comprising an ether of a polypropylene glycol, and preferably including also another glycol material, for example, a mono-ethylene glycol material or a mono-propylene glycol material, for use in forming a glaze coating, or a base coating when said composition includes also a particulate material.

Abstract: Copper can be directly chemically converted by the disclosed method and a novel copper-based metallic member is proposed. The chemical conversion film formed on the copper-based metallic member comprises phosphate and copper halide. The chemical conversion bath contains metal ions, phosphoric acid ions, halogen ions, and oxidizer.

Abstract: This disclosure is concerned with a method for treating a stainless steel surface by high temperature oxidation. The surface of a stainless steel article is cleaned, TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 are mixed in microparticles to form a coating agent, and water is added to the mixture to make a slip. The slip is coated on the steel surface to form a coating having a uniform thickness. The coating is dried and the article is subjected to a heat-treatment to form an oxide film. This treatment is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere for a time and a temperature suitable for the color tone to be produced. A desirable temperature for the heat-treatment is between 350.degree. C. to 700.degree. C. When a coating agent is used, it is later removed by washing, etc. after cooling the article.

Abstract: A process for forming a protective coating for protecting a substrate metal from corrosion and improving the adhesion of subsequently applied coatings, comprising treating the metal with an aqueous acidic solution containing molybdate in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 g/l, chromium in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 g/l, fluoride in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 g/l, phosphate in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 g/l, zinc in an amount of from 0.005 to 1.0 g/l, and acetate in an amount of from 0.01 to 10.0 g/l. The process successfully treats a variety of metals, and provides high-quality coated composites.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating metal surfaces, preferably of aluminum, aluminum alloys and steel, for the subsequent application of organic coating compositions. The metal surfaces are wetted with an aqueous bath solution containing chromium(III)ions, fluoride ions and an organic film former which is soluble or homogeneously dispersible in water, after which the solution applied is dried and converted by heating into a water-insoluble film.The bath solution preferably contains the following constituents and approximate quantities thereof: 0.5 to 10 g/l of chromium(III)ions, 0.55 to 11 g/l of fluoride ions, 0.6 to 12.5 g/l of phosphate ions, and 0.15 to 5.0 g/l of organic film former. The organic film former preferably used is a polymer containing free carboxyl groups, more preferably a homopolymer and/or copolymer of acrylic and/or methacrylic acid.

Abstract: A chromate composition and process provide improved corrosion resistance and paint adhesion for zinc surfaces. The aqueous acidic composition contains hexavalent and trivalent chromium phosphate and fluorozirconate at prescribed concentrations. The composition is applied and dried without rinsing to yield a chromium coating weight of 10-200 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: For use in magnetic recording tapes and for other purposes, iron and iron alloy materials are passivated and protected against oxidative corrosion by treatment with a solution of a non-hygroscopic salt of bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium cation with an anion such as nitrate or chromate.

Abstract: Corrosion and oxidation resistant coating compositions containing phosphate, chromate or molybdate and atomized aluminum powder.

Abstract: A porous, sintered powdered metal article having excellent corrosion resistance is provided. A porous metal such as prepared from a sintered iron powder and suitable for further treatment is phosphatized with a solvent phosphatizing composition. The phosphatized metal is then coated with a chromium-containing coating composition. The thus treated powdered metal part may be further topcoated and, in either case, exhibits outstanding corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Metal part coated with a cured coating composition comprising (a) an acid aqueous solution of phosphate ions and ions of chromate or molybdate, (b) an acid-stable amorphous silica and (c) a non-ionic surfactant wherein the silica is crosslinked with the surfactant.

Abstract: The life of chromium phosphate coating baths is extended by at least fully restoring depleted Cr.sup.VI ; bath efficiencies are significantly improved.

Abstract: A coated metal or ceramic part having improved salt corrosion and oxidation resistance having a liquid binder which comprises phosphate ions and ions of the group of chromate or molybdate ions, and an atomized aluminum powder having an average particle size (as expressed in terms of the median equivalent spherical diameter (ESD)), that is greater than at least 15 .mu.m, and having a size distribution such that at least about 5% of the particles by weight are retained on a 325 mesh screen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a highly anticorrosive surface-treated steel plate. This process comprises the steps of subjecting a surface of a steel plate having a plating layer of the zinc or aluminum type deposited thereon to a chromate treatment to form a chromate film, treating the steel plate with an organic composite silica solution comprising an epoxy resin in an amount exceeding a certain level as an indispensable component and a curing agent optionally incorporated therein to form an organic composite silicate film comprising colloidal silica, organic resin and silane formed on the chromate film, and heat-treating the steel plate at a specific temperature.

Abstract: The invention involves a nonrinse type hydrophilic surface-treating process capable of imparting hydrophilicity to the surface of a metal material, e.g., aluminum, and, at the same time, forming thereon a coating excelling in resistance to corrosion. In the process there is applied an aqueous solution which contains selected amounts of Cr ions (III, VI), F.sup.-, SiO.sub.2 and a water-soluble acrylic acid polymer, and optionally PO.sub.4.sup.-3, if necessary. An aluminum article treated by this process is suitable for the fins of a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A stable thixotropic coating composition especially suitable for dipspin application having an aqueous acid binder solution which comprises phosphate ions and ions of the group of chromate ions or molybdate ions, and a dispersible hydrated alumina having a boehmite type crystal lattice.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous metal treatment composition comprising: (a) a hexavalent chromium compound; (b) a compound selected from the group consisting of silica and silicates and mixtures thereof and (c) phosphate. Preferably, the composition also comprises trivalent chromium compound and the respective weight ratios of hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, compound selected from the group consisting of silica and silicates and mixtures thereof, and phosphate to 1.0 total chromium by weight are from about 0.6 to 1.0; from 0.0 to about 0.4; from about 0.5 to about 5.0; and from about 0.1 to about 5.0, respectively. A metal surface can be coated with the aqueous metal treatment composition and then cured to provide a coated metal product having good corrosion resistance, paint adhesion characteristics and formability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique for improving the tarnish and oxidation resistance of copper and copper base alloy materials. The technique of the present invention involves immersing the copper or copper base alloy material in a dilute aqueous chromic acid-phosphoric acid solution. After emerging from the chromic acid-phosphoric acid solution, the copper or copper base alloy material is preferably rinsed with a dilute aqueous caustic solution and dried. Copper and copper base alloy materials treated in accordance with the present invention have particular utility in printed circuit applications.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous coating composition comprising dissolved phosphate, dissolved aluminum, dissolved dichromate, inorganic colloidal particles and a water miscible organic component including an effective film-forming amount of a water miscible material comprising an ether of a polypropylene glycol, and preferably including also another glycol material, for example, a mono-ethylene glycol material or a monopropylene glycol material, for use as a glaze coating, or as a base coating which includes also a particulate material.

Abstract: A coating composition especially suitable for a machinable aluminum-filled coating possessing improved salt corrosion and oxidation resistance having a liquid binder which comprises phosphate ions and ions of the group of chromate or molybdate ions, and an atomized aluminum powder having an average particle size (as expressed in terms of the median equivalent spherical diameter (ESD)), that is greater than at least 15 .mu.m, and having a size distribution such that at least about 5% of the particles by weight are retained on a 325 mesh screen, and the coatings and parts formed therewith.

Abstract: A coating composition which is thixotropic, that is, which is a gel when not subject to movement and a liquid when subject to movement. It comprises a non-ionic surfactant, an acid-stable, non-colloidal amorphous silica and a phosphate type acid binder aqueous solution.

Abstract: A stable thixotropic coating composition especially suitable for dipspin application having an aqueous acid binder solution which comprises phosphate ions and ions of the group of chromate ions or molybdate ions, and a dispersible hydrated alumina having a boehmite type crystal lattice.

Abstract: This invention provides a tin-free steel sheet, having superior lacquer adhesion, comprising metallic chromium and chromium oxide coatings on a steel sheet, characterized in that the chromium oxide coating is controlled such that I.sub.Cr.sup.580 /(I.sub.Cr.sup.580 +I.sub.Cr.sup.660) has a value of 0.5 or more provided that I.sub.Cr.sup.580 is the percent transmission corresponding to ol linkage and I.sub.Cr.sup.660 is the percent transmission corresponding to oxo linkage in the infrared absorption spectrum of said chromium oxide coating as measured by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy.

Abstract: Coating compositions, coatings, coated parts and methods of use of chromate/phosphate type compositions. The coating compositions are of a type which contains small spheroidal aluminum particles having a defined size. The coated materials of the invention having improved corrosion and erosion resistance and improved low profile.

Abstract: A method for forming a chromate conversion coating on aluminum surfaces is described in which an aluminum surface is immersed in an aqueous acidic solution containing hexavalent chromium and the aluminum surface and the solution are subjected to ultrasonic energy thus reducing the need for including environmentally harmful accelerator components in said solution.

Abstract: A copper plastic laminate is provided having a high bond strength. The copper is selected from the group consisting of copper and copper alloys and has on its surface a uniform glassy-like, substantially pore-free coating of copper phosphate. A plastic encapsulating material containing a mold release agent is adhesively bonded to the copper.

Abstract: A copper plastic laminate is provided having a high bond strength. The copper is selected from the group consisting of copper and copper alloys and has on its surface a uniform glassy-like, substantially pore-free coating of copper phosphate. A plastic encapsulating material containing a mold release agent is adhesively bonded to the copper.

Abstract: A composite article, and method for producing the same, said article being adapted for use as a semiconductor device. The composite article comprises and is produced by depositing on a first layer of metal having an irregular metal surface a second layer consisting essentially of a phosphate, silicate or a combination thereof, said second layer having a thickness sufficient to provide a smooth surface over said irregular metal surface and a third layer of a conventional semiconductor material coated on said smooth surface.

Abstract: A metal composite is provided extended corrosion resistance. Prior to joining the metals of the composite, at least one of the metals is provided with a metallic undercoat. This undercoat is then coated with a metallic zinc layer. Lastly, a heat curable and substantially resin free topcoat is established on the zinc layer and cured. The topcoat composition contains chromium in non-elemental form and may further contain particulate metal, all in liquid medium. The metal composite is then formed by contacting metals including the thus coated metal. In addition to outstanding corrosion resistance, the composite can retain substrate weldability while further enhancing weatherability.

Abstract: Metal surfaces are refined, by the process of the invention, to high levels of smoothness in relatively short periods of time. A liquid substance is utilized to produce a conversion coating on the surface of the parts being treated, which are agitated, while being continuously wetted by the substance, in a mass finishing unit. Abrasive action causes the relatively soft coating to be removed from the high points of the surface, while leaving substantially intact the coating on the lower surface areas, with the coating being continuously repaired over metal exposed during operation. Fillage of the finishing unit container ensures efficient agitation and continuous oxygenation of the liquid substance, thereby maintaining a desirable rate of reaction and a high rate of surface leveling.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous no-rinse solution for coating metallic surfaces to make them corrosion resistant containing hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, phosphoric acid, and a poly(alkyleneoxy) polymer. Said solution is stable at both high and low temperatures.

Abstract: An aluminum evaporator including a refrigerant tube and fins with a hydrophilic surface is prepared by forming a chemical coating over the surface of its components as assembled into a product or before fabrication, and thereafter forming a hydrophilic layer over the coating by treating the resulting components with a solution of silicic acid, silicate or colloidal silica.

Abstract: A composite article, and method for producing the same, said article being adapted for use as a semiconductor device. The composite article comprises and is produced by depositing on a first layer of metal having an irregular metal surface a second layer consisting essentially of a phosphate, silicate or a combination thereof, said second layer having a thickness sufficient to provide a smooth surface over said irregular metal surface and a third layer of a conventional semiconductor material coated on said smooth surface.

Abstract: In a process wherein a resinous coating is formed on a metallic surface by immersing the surface in an acidic aqueous coating composition containing dispersed particles of resin, wherein said composition forms on said surface a resinous coating which increases in thickness the longer the surface is immersed in the composition and wherein the resinous coating is contacted with an aqueous solution containing Cr in order to improve properties (e.g. corrosion resistance), the surface slip of the applied coating is increased by having dispersed in the Cr-containing solution a polymer which has a lower coefficient of friction than the applied resinous coating.

Abstract: A coating composition which is capable of being used effectively in a wide variety of applications where heretofore known coating compositions could not be used, or where their use was accompanied by various disadvantages is disclosed. The curing temperature at which coatings (for example, corrosion resistant coatings) are formed from an aqueous coating composition containing dissolved phosphate, dissolved dichromate, dissolved aluminum, and solid particulate material is lowered by adding diethanolamine to the composition. The coating composition of the present invention can be used to effectively coat substrates which heretofore could not be coated or could not be coated satisfactorily as a result of the substrate being destroyed or degraded by the relatively high temperatures that were required to satisfactorily cure heretofore known coating compositions.

Abstract: A method of reducing the erosion of surfaces of gun components on which there is flame impingement is provided. A thin coating containing metallic aluminium is applied to the surfaces, and is subsequently exposed to the hot compressed gases formed on firing. This causes diffusion of the aluminium into the surface, which reduces erosion. The coating may be applied either by the direct application of a paint containing metallic aluminium to the gun component then firing the gun, by applying such a paint to projectiles which are then fired from the gun, or by fitting a hollow frangible ring containing a composition which includes metallic aluminium around the body of the projectile, and then firing the projectile. The coating may advantageously contain aluminium silicide. A number of paints and compositions suitable for the invention are described.

Abstract: An acidic aqueous solution for coating metallic substrates and consisting essentially of hexavalent chromium, reduced chromium, an alkylphenoxypoly(alkyleneoxy)ether and dispersed acrylic resin solids.

Abstract: A process of providing an inorganic anti-stick coating directly on non-oriented, semi-processed electrical steels by applying to such steels a coating solution containing Al.sup.+++, Mg.sup.++, and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- in a specified relative relationship, the concentration of Al.sup.+++, Mg.sup.++, and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- comprising 100 parts by weight calculated as Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, MgO and H.sub.3 PO.sub.4, respectively, on a water-free basis. The coating solution may additionally contain from 0 to 150 parts by weight of colloidal silica on a water-free basis. Chromic anhydride (C.sub.r O.sub.3) may be added to the coating solution to improve its wettability and improve the moisture resistance of the anti-stick coating. The coating solution is so diluted with water as to provide a uniform coating as thin as possible to prevent lamination sticking and having a coating weight of less than 2 grams per square meter on each side.

Abstract: Ferromagnetic metal particles, consisting essentially of iron and comprising a core, containing not less than 85% by weight of metallic iron, and an iron oxide plus chromium oxide surface layer surrounding this core, which layer additionally contains one or more elements selected from the group comprising zinc, phosphorus in the form of phosphate, aluminum, calcium, strontium, barium, cadmium, lead, cobalt and nickel in a total amount of not more than 9.5% by weight, based on the total amount of the metal particles, and a process for the production of such particles.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic solution and process for treating metal surfaces, particularly zinc and zinc alloy surfaces, for depositing a passivate film to impart improved corrosion resistance thereto. The solution contains effective amounts of chromium ions substantially all of which are present in the trivalent state, hydrogen ions to provide a pH of about 1.2 to about 2.5, an oxidizing agent, a stabilizing agent comprising a mixture of 1--hydroxy ethylidene--1,1 diphosphonic acid and citric acid as well as the bath soluble and compatible salts thereof present in an amount effective to stabilize the oxidizing agent and pH of the aqueous acidic solution, and at least one additional metal ion selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, aluminum, lanthanum, cerium, lanthanide mixture as well as mixtures thereof. The treating solution may optionally further contain a bath soluble and compatible silicate compound, halide ions, a carboxylic acid or salt thereof and a wetting agent.

Abstract: An aqueous coating solution for forming an insulative coating directly on electrical steels and on steels having a mill glass thereon. The aqueous solution comprises an aluminum-magnesium phosphate premix solution and a colloidal silica solution. The premix solution also comprises from about 10 to about 45 parts by weight Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 for every 100 parts by weight H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- calculated as H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 on a water-free basis, from about 5 to about 20 parts of a compound chosen from the class consisting of boric acid, vanadium pentoxide and mixtures thereof per 100 parts H.sub.2 PO.sub.4.sup.- calculated as H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 on a water-free basis and additional Mg.sup.++ up to that amount which will go into solution. The colloidal silica solution is present in an amount of from that amount which will form a good glass up to 40 volume percent to provide a coating solution having a premix solution to colloidal silica solution volume ratio up to 1.5:1.

Abstract: A selective absorber of solar energy using an aluminum alloy sheet as a substrate on which a chemical conversion coating is initially formed. The coating is subsequently oxidized into a dark-colored coating of selective solar absorption nature. Also disclosed is a process which comprises a chemical conversion treatment step for formation of the initial coating, and a high-temperature oxidation treatment step for final formation of the selective coating for solar energy absorption.

Abstract: A coating composition which is capable of being used effectively in a wide variety of applications where heretofore known coating compositions could not be used, or where their use was accompanied by various disadvantages is disclosed. The curing temperature at which coatings (for example, corrosion resistant coatings) are formed from an aqueous coating composition containing dissolved phosphate, dissolved dichromate, dissolved aluminum, and solid particulate material is lowered by adding diethanolamine to the composition. The coating composition of the present invention can be used to effectively coat substrates which heretofore could not be coated or could not be coated satisfactorily as a result of the substrate being destroyed or degraded by the relatively high temperatures that were required to satisfactorily cure heretofore known coating compositions.

Abstract: A surface treatment method for tin-free steel, which comprises applying a water solution, containing a polymer obtained from one or two or more kinds of monomers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, on to the surface of a steel sheet having a metallic chromium layer formed thereon and having a film, mainly consisting of hydrated chromic oxide, formed on the above layer, and then conducting heating and drying. The coating of tin-free steel obtained by this method is excellent in adhesiveness and is most suitable for bonded cans requiring high-temperature treatment.

Abstract: The surface of a metal, namely, carbon steel (automotive steel), galvanized steel and/or aluminum, can be modified by treating the metal surface with a dilute aqueous oxalic acid solution. The resultant oxalic acid treated metal surface can be further treated with a phosphatizing bath. Such dual treatment improves the corrosion resistance of the metal surface and is particularly useful in the treatment of lighter weight automobile bodies having joints of carbon steel, galvanized steel and/or aluminum.

Abstract: Copper or copper alloy sheet or foil displaying improved forming and working properties is prepared by the provision over its surface of a thin coating containing a copper salt of an organophosphonic acid, and subsequently, an outer film of lubricant strongly retained by the coating is applied. To form the coating, the sheet or foil is immersed for a short time in an aqueous solution containing a phosphonic acid, rinsed and dried, the treatment being combined with or preceded by oxidation of the sheet surface, and the lubricant film is applied prior to forming operations, preferably as the final step in the production of the cupreous sheet.

Abstract: A process for the production of a corrosion resistant metallic article having a matt nacreous appearance and the resultant article. The process comprises the steps of coating a metallic substrate with a clear paint comprising a curable resin vehicle and a flaky nacreous pigment having a colorless transparent appearance selected from oxides and salts of elements of Groups IV and V of the Periodic Table, to form on the metallic substrate a clear paint coating having a finely undulated surface in which the nacreous pigment is arranged in a non-laurellate fashion, and then curing the paint coating on the metallic substrate to produce the metallic article. The metallic substrate is preferably zinc or zonc alloy which is chemically treated to form a colorless, transparent corrosion-resistant film thereon prior to coating with the clear paint.

Abstract: A composition and process are useful for imparting a coating to an iron or steel surface which exhibits decorative and improved electrical and corrosion resistance properties. The composition contains an alkali silicate water-glass, an alkali polyphosphate and insoluble chromic oxide pigment. The composition is applied to the surface by conventional techniques and baked in place.

Abstract: A can at least a part of which is made of an electrolytically chromated steel sheet, said steel sheet having such a surface that when it is degreased in acetone for 1 minute and analyzed by an Auger electron spectrometer at an incident electron accelerating voltage of 3 KeV, a modulation voltage of 3 V, a modulation frequency of 12 to 20 KHz and a degree of vacuum of at least 6.times.10.sup.-8 torr, the ratio of the peak-peak distance (O.sub.P-P) of KL.sub.2.3 L.sub.2.3 of oxygen to the base-peak distance (Cr.sub.B-P) of L.sub.3 M.sub.2.3 M.sub.4.5 of chromium in the resulting Auger electron spectrum satisfies the following relation:6.5.gtoreq.(O.sub.P-P)/(Cr.sub.B-P).gtoreq.1.5.