Abstract: Bearing bushings which are exposed to highly elevated temperatures during operation, corresponding high-temperature-resistant bearing bushings and exhaust-gas turbochargers having at least one such bearing bushing, include an iron material having a material composition which, apart from iron, has at least carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten alloy constituents in certain amounts. This material composition ensures sufficient temperature resistance and self-lubricating properties with simultaneously good machining properties and a moderate price.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a crankshaft, in special for diesel engines, wherein a crankshaft blank is produced from austempered ductile cast iron, the casting blank is subjected to heat treatment matched to the austempered ductile cast iron whereby the blank acquires high strength and hardness. According to the invention, surfaces which form bearing surfaces for connecting rods and shaft bearings are undersized before the ADI heat treatment. Following the heat treatment a coating is applied to the bearing surfaces, the layer thickness being matched to the undersize and dimensional deviations as a result of the heat treatment. The coated bearing surfaces are finally finish-machined to the finished size without the need of machining the bearing surfaces of the casting blank after the heat treatment.

Abstract: A ferrous seal sliding part excellent in heat crack resistance, seizure resistance and abrasion resistance is provided. The ferrous seal sliding part has a seal sliding surface, wherein the seal sliding surface has a quench hardened layer having a structure in which a martensite parent phase forms a solid solution with carbon of 0.15 to 0.6 wt % and contains cementite dispersed therein in a content of 3 to 50% by volume.

Abstract: A machinable austempered cast iron article has improved strength, machinability, fatigue performance, and resistance to environmental cracking. A method of making the machinable austempered cast iron article includes austenitizing an iron composition having a substantially pearlitic microstructure in an intercritical temperature range of between 1380° F. and 1500° F. This produces a ferritic plus austenitic microstructure. The ferritic plus austenitic microstructure is quenched into an austempering temperature range of between 575° F. and 750° F. within 3 minutes to prevent formation of pearlite. The ferritic plus austenitic microstructure is then austempered in the austempering temperature range of between 575° F. and 750° F. to produce a microstructure of a continuous matrix of equiaxed ferrite with islands of austenite.

Abstract: The invention is a malleable iron comprising about 250 to 400 nodules of graphite per square millimeter as observed in a photomicrograph at 100.times., and a Brinell hardness of about 195 to 550 BHN. Preferably, the malleable iron further comprises sulfur and manganese wherein the manganese is present in an excess amount of at least 2 times the amount of sulfur plus 0.15% and is formed by two separate quenching steps. The invention further comprises a method of preparing a malleable iron having a high nodule count comprising the steps of prenucleating a malleable iron casting at a temperature of about 600 to 900.degree. F. for about 3 to 6 hours; austenitizing the prenucleated casting at about 1680 to 1740.degree. F. for about 3 to 9 hours to form graphite nodules such that the malleable iron has about 250 to 400 nodules per mm.sup.2 ; and quenching the casting to form pearlite and a malleable iron made by this process.

Abstract: Composition and process for the manufacture of wear-resistant white iron, and articles made therefrom. A melt is solidified that contains iron, carbon and at least two carbide forming elements selected from silicon, manganese, chromium or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the melt contains one or more additional alloying elements selected from vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum or mixtures thereof. The alloying elements are incorporated in the melt in proportions and amounts sufficient to form, during solidification, a eutectic that is based on a metastable, non-cementite type carbide.

Abstract: Compositions and processes for activating metal surfaces prior to coating with a phosphate compound are disclosed. Colloidal alkyl benzene sulfonate salts are disclosed as a novel class of activating materials to replace titanium containing Jernstedt salt baths for treatment of metal surfaces prior to coating with a protective phosphate material.

Abstract: Self-healing coatings are formed by first phosphating or nitriding ferrous parts, then coating with an emulsion of e.g. polysiloxane, oil, sorbitan derivative and sodium sulfonate, butyl cellosolve, oleic acid. Preferred phosphating is to a thickness of 2,000-3,000 mg Zn phosphate/square foot. This coating passes 240-plus hours in 5% salt spray (ASTM B-117) and resists wash off with car wash soap.

Abstract: The use of modifiers such as disulfides and phosphines is particularly effective in modifying the properties of metals such as noble metals and silver. For example, disulfides are useful for modifying the properties of gold and silver while phosphines are useful for metals such as platinum and palladium. Through treatment with a suitable modifier it is possible to change properties such as the wetting and adhesion properties of the treated metal. Additionally, the use of modifiers to treat a desired substrate enhances formation of continuous metal films on this substrate.

Abstract: Phosphate conversion coating accelerators consisting essentially of amidosulfonic acid, N-substitution products and salts thereof, sulfonamides, 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one salts or 6-alkyl derivatives thereof, and ortho-aniline sulfonic acid or its derivatives aklyl-substituted on the ring and salts thereof, and mixtures of the foregoing, and a process for their use.

Abstract: Asymmetrical phosphate esters of formula I ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methylx is 1-15and M is hydrogen, an alkali metal ion or an equivalent of an alkali earth metal or zinc ionare effective inhibitors of oxidative corrosion of metals in the presence of electrolytes. They may be used alone or in conjunction with further additives, and are preferably dissolved in the electrolyte with which the metal is to come in contact.

Abstract: Asymmetrical phosphate esters of formula I ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.1 is C.sub.1-20 alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or methylx is 1-15 andM is hydrogen, an alkali metal ion or an equivalent of an alkali earth metal or zinc ionare effective inhibitors of oxidative corrosion of metals in the presence of electrolytes. They may be used alone or in conjunction with further additives, and are preferably dissolved in the electrolyte with which the metal is to come in contact.

Abstract: A rust removing and metal surface protecting composition, which comprises about 99.5% by weight of phosphoric acid at 85% concentration, from 0.11 to 0.14% by weight of 1,3-dibutyl thiourea, from 0.09 to 0.11% by weight of 1,3-diethyl thiourea, about 0.025% by weight of a non-ionic surface active agent, from 0.10 to 0.20% by weight of an organic solvent, and from 0.08 to 0.18% by weight of an amine selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene fatty alkyl amines containing 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide, the fatty alkyl group of which being derived from fatty acids having 12 to 18 carbon atoms. The composition is effective in removing rust on metal surfaces and protecting the metal against corrosion with a hard, crystalline phosphate coating. It can be easily applied by dipping, spraying or brushing.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic coating solution for treating zinc, zinc alloy or cadmium surface comprising (A) an oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, nitrate ion, nitrite ion, halate ion or mixtures thereof, and (B) a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alkyl group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A conversion coating solution for treating metallic surfaces has a pH value in the range of 3 to 6 and contains 1 g/l to 50 g/l of an acid alkali phosphate as phosphate ions, 0.2 g/l to 20 g/l of one or more of chlorates and bromates, and 0.01 g/l to 0.5 g/l of tin ions, with a weight ratio of chlorine ions to tin ions being between 0.6 and 6. The solution provides a continuous and uniform conversion coating having high anti-corrosion performance.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and composition for producing an iron phosphate conversion coating on a ferrous metal surface at ambient temperatures of from about 50.degree. F. to about 100.degree. F. The ferrous metal surface is contacted with an aqueous acidic phosphating solution having a pH within the range of 3 to 6 and consisting essentially of orthophosphate ions at a concentration of at least about 2.0 grams per liter and an ambient temperature activator comprising nitrite ions at a concentration of at least 0.08 grams per liter.

Abstract: A liquid composition useful for minimizing corrosion of aluminum surfaces comprising ethylene glycol or propylene glycol and fluoroaliphaticsulfonamidophosphonic acid or the salt thereof.

Abstract: Aluminium polishing solutions containing phosphoric, nitric and sulphuric acids provide etched finishes if the proportion of sulphuric acid is increased. The invention inhibits such etching by addition to the bath of an aromatic ring compound in which at least 2 hetero atoms are conjugated with the ring such as benztriazole.

Abstract: Improved color, brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, a silicate and at least one cationic triarylmethane dye. Certain organophosphorus compound additives further enhance the corrosion resistance.

Abstract: Improved brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, a silicate, certain primary organophosphorus compound promoters and at least one secondary promoter selected from ascorbic acid, boric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid and salts of said acids.

Abstract: Improved brightness and corrosion resistance are imparted to metal surfaces such as zinc plated surfaces, by treatment with a non-toxic solution comprised of sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide and a silicate. Certain organophosphorus and organonitrogen compound additives further enhance the corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A conversion coating solution for treating metallic surfaces is able to form conversion coating films having excellent anticorrosiveness and giving good adhesiveness and gloss to the overcoating. The conversion coating solution has a pH value of 5.5 to 6.5 and contains 0.1 to 50 g/liter as phosphate ion of acid salts of alkali phosphates, 0.01 to 0.5 g/liter of stannous ion and 2 to 12-fold by weight as much fluorine ion as the stannous ion. The conversion coating solution may be further combined with 0.2 to 5 g/liter of at least one of pyrazole compounds, hydroxylamine compounds and hydrazine compounds.

Abstract: The surfaces of articles made of aluminum, such as annodized aluminum and bare aluminum, are treated with N-alkyl-fluoroaliphaticsulfonamidophosphonic acids or salts thereof to impart corrosion resistance to said surfaces.

Abstract: Brass-coated steel cord is provided with improved adhesive characteristics for use in tire making, by coating it with certain combinations of sulfur-containing accelerators and phosphate corrosion inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for iron phosphating the surface of an iron substrate which comprises treating said surface with a phosphating solution comprising at least one of alkali metal and ammonium phosphates and at least one of aromatic nitro compounds as a phosphating accelerator in an aqueous medium and having a pH of about 3 to 6.5 in a closed system phosphating installation.

Abstract: A combination of accelerators, including an oxidizing agent such as a chlorate or a bromate, in conjunction with a reducing agent, particularly, hydroxylamine sulfate is used in phosphatizing ferrous metal at low temperature to produce an iron phosphate coating with good salt spray resistance.

Abstract: Silicon steel sheets which have a silicate protective coating are further protected by being first coated with an aqueous solution containing (1) phosphate ions, (2) silica grains, (3) iron and/or manganese ions, and (4) negative ions which convert to volatile products at temperatures below 400.degree. C, and then heated to temperatures of between about 400.degree. and 1100.degree. C for periods of between about 1/2 minute to 10 minutes in order to form a further protective phosphate layer.

Abstract: A liquid phosphatizing composition, containing organic solvent such as 1,1,1-trichlorethane or trichlorofluoromethane, can provide phosphate coatings on metal articles. In addition to the organic solvent, the composition contains a phosphatizing proportion of phosphoric acid and a solubilizing liquid capable of solubilizing phosphoric acid in the organic solvent. The composition contains a minor amount of water, yet it is an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid, and the composition is non-flammable. Phosphatized coatings of desirable water insolubility are obtained.

Abstract: Aluminium polishing solutions containing phosphoric, nitric and sulphuric acids provide etched finishes if the proportion of sulphuric acid is increased. The invention inhibits such etching by addition to the bath of an aromatic ring compound, in which at least 2 hetero atoms are conjugated with the ring such as benztriazole.

Abstract: The disclosed foamable phosphatizing compositions comprise a phosphatizing agent combined with a high-foaming surfactant. When mixed with a gas such as air, the composition provides a relatively stable foam which adheres to overhead or inclined or vertical metal surfaces. When the foam has been in place on the metal surface for a certain minimum dwell time (and the coating weight has reached at least 10mg/ft.sup.2), the phosphatizing composition is rinsed off or is permitted to drain off. By procedures which involve reproducible laboratory tests, maximum and minimum dwell times or contact times can be determined even for use in the field under poorly controlled conditions. As a result, the control over the resulting phosphate coating weights is comparable to the control obtainable in immersion techniques or tunnel sprayer techniques.

Abstract: A liquid phosphatizing composition, containing organic solvent such as 1,1,1-trichlorethane or trichlorofluoromethane, can provide phosphate coatings on metal articles. In addition to the organic solvent, the composition contains a phosphatizing proportion of phosphoric acid and a solubilizing liquid capable of solubilizing phosphoric acid in the organic solvent. Most critically, the composition contains water in an amount exceeding the proportion of phosphoric acid, yet, the water-containing liquid composition maintains liquid phase homogeneity. Phosphatized coatings of desirable water insolubility are obtained.

Abstract: Relates to a composition and method for cleaning and coating metal surfaces comprising a mineral acid, a phosphoric acid concentrate having a P.sub.2 0.sub. 5 content of about 72-80% formed by heating 54% phosphoric acid with a mono- or polysaccharide, a dibasic acid such as succinic acid, thiourea and a wetting agent.

Abstract: A composition and method for treating tin-plated ferrous metal surfaces to remove oils and other contaminants in the form of soil thereon, without etching the surface. Particularly, this invention relates to a composition and method for cleaning drawn and ironed tin-plated ferrous metal containers.

Abstract: Methods of coating metal articles to protect them from corrosion, and the products of such methods. Metal articles which have been electroplated with zinc, cadmium, nickel or chromium, or which have been phosphated, are chromated, and coated with a hydrophobic thermosetting polymer, and heated to convert the polymer to a hard, adherent film. Multiple polymer coatings may be applied prior to heat curing, and the corrosion resistance of the coating is thereby vastly improved.

Abstract: Aluminium polishing solutions containing phosphoric, nitric and sulphuric acids provide etched finishes if the proportion of sulphuric acid is increased. The invention inhibits such etching by addition to the bath of an aromatic ring compound, in which at least 2 hetero atoms are conjugated with the ring such as benztriazole. .Iadd.