Abstract: An abrasion resistant steel excellent in bending formability and suitable for members, e.g., power shovels, which come into contact with earth and sand, and a production method thereof are provided. Specifically, the steel contains, on a percent by mass basis, 0.05% to 0.35% of C, 0.05% to 1.0% of Si, 0.1% to 2.0% of Mn, 0.1% to 1.2% of Ti, 0.1% or less of Al, at least one element of 0.1% to 1.0% of Cu, 0.1% to 2.0% of Ni, 0.1% to 1.0% of Cr, 0.05% to 1.0% of Mo, 0.05% to 1.0% of W, and 0.0003% to 0.0030% of B, if necessary at least one element of 0.005% to 1.0% of Nb and 0.005% to 1.0% of V, and the remainder including Fe and incidental impurities, where DI* represented by the following formula is less than 60: DI*=33.85×(0.1×C*)0.5×(0.7×Si+1)×(3.33×Mn+1)×(0.35×Cu+1)×(0.36×Ni+1)×(2.16×Cr+1)×(3×Mo*+1)×(1.5×W*+1)??(1) where C*=C?1/4×(Ti?48/14N), Mo*=Mo×(1?0.5×(Ti?48/14N)), and W*=W×(1?0.5×(Ti?48/14N)).

Abstract: This wear-resistant steel plate includes, in terms of mass %, C: not less than 0.13% and not more than 0.18%, Si: not less than 0.5% but less than 1.0%, Mn: not less than 0.2% and not more than 0.8%, P: not more than 0.020%, S: not more than 0.010%, Cr: not less than 0.5% and not more than 2.0%, Mo: not less than 0.03% and not more than 0.30%, Nb: more than 0.03% but not more than 0.10%, Al: not less than 0.01% and not more than 0.20%, B: not less than 0.0005% and not more than 0.0030%, and N: not more than 0.010%, with a remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein an element composition is such that HI is 0.7 or greater and Ceq exceeds 0.50, and an HB value (Brinell hardness) at 25° C. is not less than 360 and not more than 440.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing the hot-rolled sheet, which includes: a step A including a first rolling in which a steel sheet containing 0.04-0.20% C, 0.01-2.0% Si, 0.5-3.0% Mn by mass, and the reminder being Fe and inevitable impurities, is rolled by successive multi-pass rolling at a total rolling reduction of 80% or more while keeping the steel sheet at temperatures not lower than the para-equilibrium transformation temperature Ae3; a step B including a second rolling in which a single-pass rolling is carried out at a rolling reduction of 30-55% when an entry side temperature is not lower than the para-equilibrium transformation temperature Ae3; a step C including a third rolling in which a single-pass rolling is carried out at a rolling reduction of 35-70% when an entry side temperature is set within a predetermined range; and a step D in which within 0.2 seconds after the third rolling, the rolled sheet is cooled at a cooling rate of 600 degree C.

Abstract: The invention produces a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a primary recrystallization structure in which Goss-oriented crystal grains and crystal grains having a coincidence orientation relationship to the Goss orientation are aligned in the rolling direction. It is characterized heating a slab containing, in mass %, C: 0.025 to 0.10%, Si: 2.5 to 4.5%, Mn: 0.03 to 0.55%, and Al: 0.007 to 0.040% to 1,100 to 1,450° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides an abrasion resistant steel having a hardness of HB400 to HB520, having little change of hardness during long term use, and superior in toughness, characterized by containing, by mass %, C: 0.21% to 0.30%, Si: 0.30 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.32 to 0.70%, P: 0.02% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 0.1 to 2.0%, Mo: 0.1 to 1.0%, B: 0.0003 to 0.0030%, Al: 0.01 to 0.1%, and N: 0.01% or less, further containing one or more of V: 0.01 to 0.1%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.05%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.03%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.05%, Mg: 0.0005 to 0.05%, and REM: 0.001 to 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-strength steel sheet which has a predetermined component composition, structurally has a ferrite matrix structure and bainitic and martensitic second phase structures, and has a ferrite fraction of from 50 to 86 percent by area, a bainite fraction of from 10 to 30 percent by area, and a martensite fraction of from 4 to 20 percent by area, relative to the entire structure, in which the bainite area fraction is larger than the martensite area fraction, the ferrite has an average grain size of 2.0 to 5.0 ?m, and the ratio of the average ferrite hardness (Hv) to the tensile strength (MPa) of the steel sheet is equal to or more than 0.25. The steel sheet excels both in TS-EL balance and TS-? balance at high strengths on the order of 590 to 780 MPa.

Abstract: An apparatus for rolling of a powder metallurgical metallic workpiece is provided having a feeding device, a first induction heating apparatus in operable communication with a first RF generator and at least a first hot rolling mill. A process control device monitors at least one parameter of the first RF generator and outputs a signal. A method for continuous rolling of a metallic workpiece is also provided using the apparatus for rolling. The process control device signal can be used to monitor metallurgical properties of the workpiece and provide in-line evaluation of the workpiece.

Abstract: A relatively high strength dual phase steel for a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip with excellent forming properties, in particular for lightweight vehicle construction, contains the elements (contents in mass-%): 0.1 to <0.16 of C, 0.02 to <0.05 of Al, 0.40 to <0.60 of Si, 1.5 to <2.0 of Mn, <0.020 of P, <0.003 of S, <0.01 of N, 0.01 of Nb, 0.02 of V, remainder iron including common incidental steel elements with optional addition of Ti. The demanded dual phase microstructure is produced during continuous annealing, wherein the cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip is heated in the continuous annealing furnace in a one-step process to a temperature in the range of 820 to 1000° C., preferably 840 to 1000° C., and the annealed steel strip is then cooled down from the annealing temperature with a rate of cooling between 15 and 30° C./s.

Abstract: A steel sheet excellent in FB performance and also excellent in fabrication performance after FB working and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. The steel sheet is a steel sheet having a composition containing from 0.1 to 0.5% of C, not more than 0.5% of Si and from 0.2 to 1.5% of Mn in terms of % by mass, with P and S being adjusted at proper ranges and having a structure having a ferrite having an average grain size of more than 10 ?m and less than 20 ?m and a cementite present in the ferrite grain having an average particle size of from 0.3 to 1.5 ?m. In this way, the steel sheet becomes a steel sheet excellent in FB performance, mold life and performance (side bend elongation) after FB working.

Abstract: A steel composition and method from making a dual phase steel therefrom. The dual phase steel may have carbon of about 0.05% by weight to about 0.12 wt %; niobium of about 0.005 wt % to about 0.03 wt %; titanium of about 0.005 wt % to about 0.02 wt %; nitrogen of about 0.001 wt % to about 0.01 wt %; silicon of about 0.01 wt % to about 0.5 wt %; manganese of about 0.5 wt % to about 2.0 wt %; and a total of molybdenum, chromium, vanadium and copper less than about 0.15 wt %. The steel may have a first phase consisting of ferrite and a second phase having one or more of carbide, pearlite, martensite, lower bainite, granular bainite, upper bainite, and degenerate upper bainite. A solute carbon content in the first phase may be about 0.01 wt % or less.

Abstract: A method for designing a low cost, high strength, high toughness martensitic steel in which a mathematical model is used to establish an optimum low cost alloying concentration that provides specified levels of strength toughness. The model also predicts critical temperatures and the amount of retained austenite. Laboratory scale ingots of the optimum alloying composition were produced comprising by % wt. of about: 0.37 of C; 1.22 of Ni; 0.68 of Mn; 0.86 of Si; 0.51 of Cu; 1.77 of Cr; and 0.24 of V; and the balance Fe and incidental impurities were melted in an open induction furnace. After homogenized annealing, hot rolling, recrystallization annealing, and further oil quenching, refrigerating, and low tempering, a tempered martensite microstructure was produced consisting of small packets of martensitic laths, fine vanadium carbide, as centers of growth of the martensitic lathes, and retained austenite.

Abstract: A method for producing hot-rolled strip from austenitic stainless steels. In a first step, a cast product is subjected to a rolling operation in a rolling mill with a finishing train, and, in a second step, a heat treatment is carried out to prevent susceptibility to corrosion, especially intergranular corrosion due to chromium carbide precipitation. To establish the final rolling temperature (Twe), a run-in temperature (Tein) of the cast product into the finishing train of the rolling mill that is above 1,150° C., and preferably above 1,200° C., is established by a multistage heating process, especially a two-stage heating process, which comprises a preheating stage and an intensive heating stage, and the heat treatment is carried out by directly utilizing the rolling heat.

Abstract: The invention provides a cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in paint bake hardenability and ordinary-temperature non-aging property comprising, in mass %, C: 0.0005-0.0040%, Si: 0.8% or less, Mn: 2.2% or less, S: 0.0005-0.009%, Cr: 0.4-1.3%, O: 0.003-0.020%, P: 0.045-0.12%, B: 0.0002-0.0010%, Al: 0.008% or less, N: 0.001-0.007%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Ultra-low-carbon steel retaining solute N and containing added Cr, P, B and O is used to produce hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet and hot-dip galvanized cold-rolled steel sheet that exhibit both high paint bake hardenability and ordinary-temperature non-aging property.

Abstract: The present invention provides high strength thick-gauge electric-resistance welded steel pipe excellent in hardenability, hot workability, and fatigue strength and a method of production of the same, that is, thick-gauge electric-resistance welded steel pipe containing, by mass %, C: 0.25 to 0.4%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.8 to 1.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.05% or less, Al: 0.05% or less, Ti: 0.005 to 0.05%, B: 0.0005 to 0.01%, N: 0.001 to 0.05%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, having a critical cooling rate Vc expressed by equation <1> of less than 30° C./s, and having a ratio of thickness t and outside diameter D, t/D, of over 0.15 to 0.30 in range: log Vc=2.94?0.75???<1> where, ?=2.7C+0.

Abstract: This DR steel sheet includes the following steel components: C: 0.02 to 0.06 mass %, Si: equal to or less than 0.03 mass %, Mn: 0.05 to 0.5 mass %, P: equal to or less than 0.02 mass %, S: equal to or less than 0.02 mass %, Al: 0.02 to 0.10 mass %, and N: 0.008 to 0.015 mass %. The amount of solute N (Ntotal?NasAlN) in the steel sheet containing a residual iron and inevitable impurities, is equal to or more than 0.006%; and the total stretchability in a rolling direction after aging is equal to or more than 10%, total stretchability in a sheet width direction after aging is equal to or more than 5%, and an average Lankford value after aging is equal to or less than 1.0.

Abstract: A high carbon steel wire material which is made of high carbon steel as a raw material for wire products such as steel cords, bead wires, PC steel wires and spring steel, allows for these wire products to be manufactured efficiently at a high wire drawing rate and has excellent wire drawability and a manufacturing process thereof. This high carbon steel wire material is made of a steel material having specific contents of C, Si, Mn, P, S, N, Al and O, and the Bcc-Fe crystal grains of its metal structure have an average crystal grain diameter (Dave) of 20 ?m or less and a maximum crystal grain diameter (Dmax) of 120 ?m or less, preferably an area ratio of crystal grains having a diameter of 80 ?m or more of 40% or less, an average sub grain diameter (dave) of 10 ?m or less, a maximum sub grain diameter (dmax) of 50 ?m or less and a (Dave/dave) ratio of the average crystal grain diameter (Dave) to the average sub grain diameter (dave) of 4.5 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a steel-based damping alloy steel sheet having a thickness of 2.0 mm or less which has excellent damping property, its loss factor being 0.040 or more, without expensive elements such as Cr and Co added; and a method for producing the same. Further provided is a damping alloy steel sheet having a thickness of 2.0 mm or less which contains at least one of the following elements in the following concentrations; C: 0.005% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.02% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Si: 1.0 to 3.5%, and Sol. Al: 1.0 to 7.0%, in terms of mass, the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, and has an average grain diameter of 50 to 500 ?m, a maximum permeability of 2,000 or more, and a residual induction of 0.90 T or less.

Abstract: For the production of hot strip referred to as TRIP steel (transformation induced plasticity), with a multiphase structure and with outstandingly good deformation properties along with high strengths, from the hot-rolled state, the invention proposes a method which is carried out with a predetermined chemical composition of the steel grade used within the limits 0.12-0.25% C; 0.05-1.8% Si; 1.0-2.0% Mn; the remainder Fe and customary accompanying elements and with a combined rolling and cooling strategy in such a way that a structure comprising 40-70% ferrite, 15-45% bainite and 5-20% residual austenite is obtained, wherein the finish rolling of the hot strip (7) is performed to set a very fine austenite grain (d<8 ?m) in the final forming operation (6?) at temperatures between 770 and 830° C.

Abstract: A high strength steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same has superior phosphatability properties and hot-dip galvannealed properties besides a tensile strength of 950 MPa or more and a high ductility, and also having a small variation in mechanical properties with the change in annealing conditions.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet has a composition of C up to 0.02 mass %, Si up to 0.8 mass %, Mn up to 1.5 mass %, P up to 0.050 mass %, S up to 0.01 mass %, 8.0-35.0 mass % of Cr, N up to 0.05 mass %, 0.05-0.40 mass % of Ti and 0.10-0.50 mass % of Nb with a product of (% Ti % N) less than 0.005. Precipitates of 0.15 ?m or more in particle size except TiN are distributed in a steel matrix at a rate of 5000-50000/mm2. The steel sheet is manufactured by hot-rolling a slab at a finish-temperature of 800° C. or lower, annealing the hot-rolled steel sheet at 450-1080° C., cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet in accompaniment with intermediate-annealing at a temperature within a range of from (a recrystallization-finishing temperature ?100° C.) to (a recrystallization-finishing temperature) and then finish-annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet at 1080° C. or lower.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide Fe—Al alloys having 12% by weight or less Al, which have excellent properties, such as workability, insulation properties, magnetic permeability, vibration-damping properties, high strength, etc. Such an Fe—Al alloy is produced by the following steps of: (i) subjecting an alloy including 2 to 12% by weight Al and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities to plastic working; (ii) cold rolling the alloy which has been subjected to the plastic working; and (iii) annealing the cold-rolled alloy.

Abstract: A high-tensile steel plate of low acoustic anisotropy and high weldability having yield stress of 450 MPa or greater and tensile strength of 570 MPa or greater and a process for producing the steel plate are provided. The steel has an Si content of 0.10% or less, thereby achieving a volume ratio of island martensite of 3% or less, contains Nb?0.025% and Ti?0.005% so as to satisfy 0.045%?[Nb]+2×[Ti]?0.105%, contains Nb, Ti, C and N in ranges such that the value of A=([Nb]+2×[Ti])×([C]+[N]×12/14) is 0.0022 to 0.0055, and has a steel structure wherein bainite volume ratio is 30% or more and pearlite volume ratio is less than 5%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet produced by a method for promoting secondary recrystallization without an inhibitor, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet including 2.0% or more and 4.5% or less of Si and 0.01% or more and 0.5% or less of Mn on a mass % basis, wherein the number of oxide particles having a diameter of 1 to 3 ?m among that (oxide particles) of containing Ca and/or Mg is 400 or less per unit area (1 cm2) in a transverse cross-section perpendicular to a rolling direction. Therefore, the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has excellent stable magnetic properties throughout the length of a coil.

Abstract: The present invention provides first resistant steel superior in fire resistance having less variation in material quality and exhibiting a yield strength of ? or more of that at ordinary temperature even at 600° C. and a method of production of the same, that is, fire resistant steel characterized by containing, by mass %, C: 0.01 to 0.03%, Mn: 0.2 to 1.7%, Si: 0.5% or less, Cu: 0.7 to 2%, Mo: 0.8% or less, Nb: 0.01 to 0.3%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.03%, N: 0.006% or less, B: 0.0003 to 0.003%, V: 0.2% or less, Cr: 1% or less, Al: 0.1% or less, P: 0.03% or less, and S: 0.02% or less, containing Ni by mass ratio of Ni/Cu of 0.6 to 0.9, and comprising a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and having a yield strength at 600° C. of 60% of the yield strength at 21° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fire-resistant steel material superior in HAZ toughness of a welded joint which is high in high temperature yield strength at an envisioned fire temperature of 700 to 800° C. and is free of embrittlement of the welded joint even if exposed at this envisioned fire temperature and a method of production of the same, that is, a fire-resistant steel material of a composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.005% to less than 0.03%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.05 to 0.40%, Cr: 1.50 to 5.00%, V: 0.05 to 0.50%, and N: 0.001 to 0.005% and restricted in contents of Ni, Cu, Mo, B, P, S, and O obtained by heating a steel slab to 1150 to 1300° C., then hot working or hot rolling the slab to an end temperature of 880 degrees or more, acceleratedly cooling the worked or rolled steel material under conditions of a cooling rate at a position of the slowest cooling rate of at least 2° C.

Abstract: The present invention provides oriented magnetic steel plate with excellent coating adhesion, in particular coating edge peeling resistance, that is, oriented magnetic steel plate with excellent coating adhesion containing, by mass %, Si: 1.8 to 7% and having a primary coating having forsterite as its main ingredient on its surface, said oriented magnetic steel plate characterized in that said primary coating contains one or more of Ce, La, Pr, Nd, Sc, and Y in an areal weight per side of 0.001 to 1000 mg/m2; characterized in that said primary coating contains Ti in an areal weight per side of 1 to 800 mg/m2; and characterized in that said primary coating contains one or more of Sr, Ca, and Ba in an areal weight per side of 0.01 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel sheet has a composition containing, by mass percent, 0.0040% or less of C, 0.02% or less of Si, 0.14% to 0.25% of Mn, 0.020% or less of P, 0.015% or less of S, 0.0040% or less of N, 0.020% to 0.070% of Al, 0.005% to 0.030% of Nb, 0.005% to 0.030% of Ti, (0.0003% to 0.0010% of the equivalent amount of solid solution B (from which the amount of B forming BN has been subtracted)), and the balance composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein even when the rolling reduction of cold rolling is 85% or less, the average grain size of a ferrite structure is reliably 12.0 ?m or less, and the relationship ?0.20??r?0.20 can be reliably satisfied and which has an excellent earing property.

Abstract: Provided are a steel-based damping alloy steel sheet having a thickness of 2.0 mm or less which has an excellent damping property of a loss factor of 0.030 or more, and excellent workability, without requiring plenty of elements such as Al, Si, and Cr; and a method for producing the same. Further provided is a damping alloy steel sheet having a thickness of 2.0 mm or less which has an element composition of C: 0.005% or less, Si: less than 1.0%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.5%, P: 0.2% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Sol. Al: less than 1.0%, and N: 0.005% or less, in terms of % by mass, and the remainder containing Fe and inevitable impurities, an average grain diameter of 50 to 300 ?m, a maximum permeability of 4,000 or more, and a residual induction of 1.10 T or less.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant steel excellent in toughness of a base metal and a weld portion said steel slab contains, in % by weight, C: 0.2% or less; Si: 0.01 to 2.0%; Mn: 0.1 to 4% or less; P: 0.03% or less; S: 0.01% or less; Cr: 3 to 11%; Al: 0.1 to 2%; and N: 0.02%, and has values of 1150 or above, and 600 or above respectively for Tp and Tc expressed by the equations below using concentrations of Cr, Al, C, Mn, Cu and Ni respectively given as % Cr, % Al, % C, % Mn, % Cu and % Ni. Tp=1601?(34% Cr+287% Al)+(500% C+33% Mn+60% Cu+107% Ni); and Tc=910+80% Al?(300% C+80% Mn+15% Cr+55% Ni).

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel sheet for outer panels and the like of an automobile body, a galvannealed steel sheet using the cold-rolled steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high strength cold-rolled steel sheet, which has superior bake hardenability, aging resistance at room temperature and secondary work embrittlement resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same. The steel sheet has a grain size of ASTM No. of 9 or more after annealing, a BH of 30 MPa or more, an AI of 30 MPa or less, and a tensile strength of 340˜390 MPa through appropriate control of solute elements in steel by addition of a small amount of Ti, addition of Al and Mo, and control of manufacturing conditions, and refinement of crystal grains after annealing.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for rounding and/or flattening an annular part that is out of round and/or not flat due to non-uniform internal stresses. The part is first checked for out of round and/or out of flat conditions. Out of round parts are then rounded by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Alternatively, out of round parts are rounded by relieving compressive stresses in selected surface sections of the part whereby the relieving of compressive stresses causes deformation of the annular part thereby rounding the annular part. Out of flat parts are flattened by introducing compressive stresses into selected surface sections of the part whereby the introduced compressive stresses cause deformation of the annular part thereby flattening the annular part.

Abstract: Provided is a steel alloy and process for manufacture thereof. The steel alloy has improved ductility, weldability and dimensional stability. Also provided is a manufacturing mold having a manifold that may be formed of the steel alloy. The manifold may include sprues or runners such that the manifold may be used in plastic injection mold. The steel alloy has the chemical composition comprised of (by weight percent) about 0.16-0.2 carbon, about 0.6-0.9 manganese, up to about 0.02 phosphorous, up to about 0.02 sulfur, about 0.25-0.45 silicon, about 2.3-2.7 chromium, up to about 0.2 nickel, up to about 0.15 copper, up to about 0.15 molybdenum, about 0.15-0.03 aluminum and the balance being iron with trace amounts of ordinarily present elements. The steel alloy is electric furnace melted, ladle refined, vacuum degassed and argon shield poured in order to ensure cleanliness and quality.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hot rolled steel sheet in which it includes a steel having a chemical composition of 0.03 to 0.10% (the percent hereinafter representing % by mass) of C, 0.2 to 2.0% of Si, 0.5 to 2.5% of Mn, 0.02 to 0.10% of Al, 0.2 to 1.5% of Cr, 0.1 to 0.5% of Mo, and the residue of iron and inevitable contaminants, and in this steel sheet, at least 80% by area in longitudinal cross section has a martensitic structure. As a consequence, a high strength hot rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of the level as high as 980 MPa or higher simultaneously with an excellent forming workability, and in particular, excellent stretch flangeability is provided at a relatively low cost.

Abstract: A steel wire, 0.10-0.40 mm in diameter, obtained by subjecting a high-carbon (0.70-0.90 wt. %) steel wire material to heat treatment and wire drawing, wherein its tensile strength and test values of special repeated torsional tests satisfy a predetermined relation; and a method of manufacturing the same. A high strength steel wire which has so high a ductility as to substantially prevent the wire from being broken even during wire twisting, and which rarely encounters a decrease in the ductility even after the wire has been subjected to age hardening by heating, is obtained, and a method of manufacturing the same is economical.

Abstract: A hot rolling line and a hot rolling method capable of finer refining crystal grains are provided. Specifically, the hot rolling line for a metal sheet is composed of a finish rolling mill, a leveler, and a cooling apparatus installed from upstream to downstream in this sequence in a metal sheet transporting direction. The hot rolling method is such that, in the above hot rolling line, a metal sheet obtained by finish rolling a metal piece is subjected to repeated bending processing by the leveler and then cooled.

Abstract: A conductive hinge is made of a superelastic shape memory alloy such as nitinol (NiTi) having a large elastic strain limit for enabling the hinge to bend to a small radius during stowage for flexible return to a trained rigid hinge position by training the shape memory alloy to assume a predetermined deployed configuration when released from a stowage configuration. The hinge is trained by forging at a temperature above a training temperature. The hinge is released to deploy solar cell panels as the hinges unfold to the forged trained deployed configuration.

Abstract: Process and device for hardening a rail. The process for hardening a rail or part thereof by transforming it from an austenitic structure into a different microstructure that is stable at room temperature comprises aligning, horizontally positioning, and fixing in axial alignment to secure against bending, the rail in its austenitic state; and while keeping the rail fixed in axial alignment and secured against bending, force-cooling the rail or part thereof to allow the austenitic structure to be transformed into said different microstructure. The device for hardening a rail or part thereof by force-cooling comprises a support for supporting the rail; a cooling device for force-cooling the rail or part thereof; and at least two fixing devices for axially aligning and securing the rail against bending during the force-cooling.

Abstract: There is provided a stainless steel sheet material, used for a semiconductor manufacturing device, to which it difficult for fine dust to be attached and from the surface of which the attaching dust can be easily washed away. Also, there is provided a method of manufacturing the stainless steel sheet material. A stainless steel sheet material characterized in that: the number of pinholes, the area of each pinhole exceeding 0.25 mm2, in the area of 10 cm2 on the surface of a skinpass-rolled stainless steel sheet material is not more than 10; and the average surface roughness Ra on the center line in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is not more than 0.15 &mgr;m. A method of manufacturing a stainless steel sheet material comprising the steps of: annealing a stainless steel cold-rolled sheet in a heat-treatment furnace having no support rollers in a temperature region exceeding 600° C.

Abstract: Hardening is accomplished by heating a longitudinal section of a workpiece such as an odd-shaped bar, and by quenching while constraining the workpiece section in dies. The quenching is executed while the workpiece is pressed in a direction perpendicular to its longitudinal direction by a pressing device which is installed adjacent to the workpiece section constrained in the dies. Warping by quenching can thus be minimized in odd-shaped workpieces, such as an automobile steering rack bar.

Abstract: A method of straightening rolled sectional steel includes clamping and subsequently cooling at least a sectional steel whose maximum local cross-sectional temperature is below Ar1 and whose minimum local cross-sectional temperature is above a lower limit temperature, wherein already the lower limit temperature produces as a result of clamping a thermal elongation in all fibers of the sectional steel which is greater than the elongation which would be required for a plastification of the fibers which would be subjected to the greatest internal compressive stresses if the sectional steel were exclusively air cooled without clamping.

Abstract: In a processing method for strengthening carbon steel materials, a carbon steel having an average hardness in the range of HRC 50 to 57 and a bainite structure is subjected to a tension working so as to provide a residual strain of at least 0.3% to the carbon steel. The tensile load in the tension working exceeds the yield point, and is 95% or less of the fracture load.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal strip which reduces the risk of the strip breaking over the course of a path, the strip being conveyed under stress in the strip direction and in which, in an upstream feed path of the metal strip, defects in the edges of the strip are detected and then measures are taken to reduce the risk of these defects causing the strip to break, in which method the strip is provided, in the region of the detected defect, with at least one notch in the strip direction, at a distance which is further away from the edge of the strip than the maximum dimension of the defect transversely with respect to the strip direction.

Abstract: Method for heat-treating profiled rolling stock, including track and railroad rails, having a profiled surface and increased heat removal from portions of the profiled surface during cooling in the gamma range of an iron based alloy material. The method includes aligning the profiled rolling stock, at an average temperature of between 750° C. and 1100° C., straight in its longitudinal direction by plastic shaping, and moving the aligned profiled rolling stock, in its aligned state, in a transverse direction and holding same there. The method also includes evenly cooling of the aligned profiled rolling stock, in a first cooling, to a temperature below 860° C.

Abstract: A process and a device are provided for manufacturing a honeycomb body from at least one metal foil constructed from at least two different layers, in particular from steel roll-bonded with aluminum. The metal foil is at least partly provided with a structure through the use of shaping, and is then layered or laminated or wound into honeycomb body. The metal foil is heat-treated with resistance heat generated within the foil before shaping. The heating is preferably carried out through the use of induction coils. In this way the capacity for cold shaping is increased and where required an oxide layer can be produced in a defined atmosphere. The invention reduces the energy and apparatus costs and permits economical manufacture of high-quality honeycomb bodies, in particular with microstructures increasing effectiveness.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for temper hardening flat metal products, comprising the following steps:introducing a flat product coming out of the furnace into a temper-hardening bay, depositing this flat product on supporting elements forming a lower substantially horizontal supporting table, causing a sudden cooling of the flat product in the deposited position, by spraying a temper-hardening liquid simultaneously on the whole of its upper surface and on the whole of its lower surface, removing the flat product from the temper-hardening bay, and further, before the sudden cooling, transferring retaining elements forming together a substantially horizontal retaining table to a horizontal retaining plane at a predetermined distance above the upper surface of the flat product and, during the sudden cooling, optionally retaining the flat product on the upper retaining table, within the limits imposed by the said horizontal plane. The invention also discloses a device for implementing this method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making arcuate coil springs from straight coil springs and particularly includes a phase of bending the straight springs during a heat treatment, which method provides exceptional results in that for the bending, a lasting arcuate shape is imparted to the springs substantially by giving the springs the shape of a portion of a turn to provide the spring with a counter-defect prior to the subsequent finishing steps. The invention also relates to a spring manufactured according to such a method and to devices for carrying out the method which include devices for holding at least the end coils of the springs in staggered positions, which devices may include a holder provided with fastening devices.

Abstract: In a corrective tempering method and apparatus for a rolling element in which the thermal deformation of the rolling element is corrected within an extremely short time by utilizing plasticity exhibited during a metallic structure transforming process brought about by low-temperature tempering of the rolling element made of steel, the hardened rolling element is heated and pressured to a maximum temperature within a range of from 250 to 500.degree. C. by a heating device while set in correcting molds to correct the deformation of the rolling element at a degree of working within a range not exceeding an elastic deformation range of the rolling element at a room temperature. The rolling element can be heated also by an induction heating device in addition to a conduction heating device. A product whose inner/outer diameter correcting degree of deformation is 60% or more, dimension standardizing rate is 30% or more, surface roughness is less than Ra 0.2 .mu.

Abstract: A method of straightening a wire rod of titanium or titanium alloy wherein the rod is hot-straightened to a straight rod at the straightening temperature T and elongation .epsilon. satisfying the expression (1) or (2). The method includes hot rolling a titanium billet of .beta. titanium alloy, (.alpha.+.beta.) titanium alloy or a near .alpha. titanium alloy into a wire rod, winding the hot rolled wire rod into a coil, cold drawing the wire rod, cutting the wire rod to obtain a bent wire rod, heating the bent wire rod to a straightening temperature T while both end portions of the bent wire rod are fixed, applying a predetermined elongation .epsilon. to the wire rod, maintaining a straightening temperature T, hot-straightening the wire in accordance with the expression (2).epsilon.(T-400).gtoreq.400 (1).epsilon.(T-500).gtoreq.200 (2)and cooling the wire rod while applying tension. The method is suitable for preparing a straight rod for use in an engine valve.

Abstract: This invention relates to the working of a metallic strip. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of working a length of metallic strip by heat treating under tensile force, to a length of metallic strip and to an apparatus for use in working a length of metallic strip.

Abstract: An apparatus (20) for induction heat treating, restraint quenching, and straightening an associated carbon steel truck structural member (30), having a web (32) and at least one flange (34) substantially perpendicular thereto, comprises a heat treating apparatus (22) for induction heating and restraint quenching the associated structural member (30). The heat treating apparatus (22) is operatively connected to a cooling conveyor (50). The cooling conveyor (50) is adapted for receiving the associated structural member (30) from the heat treating apparatus (22). A testing apparatus (24) is included for hardness testing the heat treated associated structural member. The testing apparatus (24) is adapted for receiving the associated structural member (30) from the cooling conveyor (52). A conveyor (54) is adapted for receiving the associated structural member (30) from the testing apparatus (24). A roller straightener (26) is operatively connected to the conveyor (54).