Abstract: This invention relates to the production of black body-generating decoy flares for thrusted applications. Compositions are provided which, when combusted, provide black body radiation. The compositions generally include from about 20% to about 60% metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, from about 5% to about 50% ammonium perchlorate, and from about 8% to about 30% binder. Important to operation of the present invention is the production of graphitized carbon upon combustion of the composition. Accordingly, high carbon content materials are added to the compositions. These materials may include from about 5% to about 30% polyaromatic compounds, such as decacyclene, anthracene, and naphthalene. Other suitable high carbon materials include polyolefins. This invention also discloses methods of using these compositions in thrusted decoy flare applications.

Abstract: A gas-generating composition for air bags, which provides low explosion risk and low toxicity, has at least one gas-generating base selected among urazol and metal salts thereof, as the active ingredient, and an oxidizing agent. Urazol and metal salts thereof can effectively generate gas at a low burning temperature when in combination with the oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A lead-free percussion primer composition and a percussion cup containing e composition. The lead-free percussion primer composition is comprised of a mixture of about 45 wt % aluminum powder having an outer coating of aluminum oxide and molybdenum trioxide powder or a mixture of about 50 wt % aluminum powder having an outer coating of aluminum oxide and polytetrafluoroethylene powder. The aluminum powder, molybdenum trioxide powder and polytetrafluoroethylene powder has a particle size of 0.1 .mu.m or less, more preferably a particle size of from about 200-500 angstroms.

Abstract: An improved heat generating thermite composition suitable for use in an inflator of a motor vehicle airbag restraint system comprises a hard consolidated pellet, grain or wafer shaped formulation of a powdered metal fuel, a powdered metal oxide oxidizer, a binder and a supplemental oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A solid composition for generating a nitrogen containing gas is provided. The composition includes an oxidizer and a non-azide fuel selected from a bitetrazoleamine or a derivative or a salt or complex thereof and mixtures thereof. The preferred bitetrazole-amine is bis-(1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl)-amine, a metal salt, a salt with a nonmetallic cation of a high nitrogen content base or a complex thereof. The salts and complexes are generally metal salts and complexes. The metal can be a transition metal. Metals that have been found to be particularly useful include copper, boron, cobalt, zinc, potassium, sodium, and strontium. The oxidizer is generally a metal oxide or a metal hydroxide. The composition can include certain other components such as secondary oxidizers, burn rate modifiers, slag formers, and binders.

Abstract: A gas generating mixture comprises a high nitrogen and low carbon fuel from he group nitroguanidine (NIGU), tiraminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN), diguanidinium-5,5'-azotetrazolate (GZT) or 3-nitro-l,2,3-triazol-5-one (NTO), as well as copper diammine dinitrate Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.2 (NO.sub.3).sub.2 as the oxidizer and a pyrophoric metal or such a metal alloy on a carrier catalyst.

Abstract: Complex generating compositions and methods for their use are provided. Metal complexes are used as gas generating compositions. These complexes are comprised of a cationic metal template, sufficient oxidizing anion to balance the charge of the complex, and a neutral ligand containing hydrogen and nitrogen. Hyradzine complexes are formulated such that when the complex combusts nitrogen gas and water vapor is produced. Specific examples of such complexes include metal nitrite ammine, metal nitrate ammine, and metal perchlorate ammine complexes, as well as hydrazine complexes. Such complexes are adaptable for use in gas generating devices such as automobile air bags.

Abstract: A priming mixture containing no toxic materials, in particular no Pb, Ba or Sb compounds, and presenting at least one primary explosive, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and an inert friction agent; the oxidizing agent consisting essentially of stannic oxide, SnO.sub.2. The central-fire or rimfire percussion primer presents a casing containing the priming mixture, and, in the case of the central-fire primer, also an anvil.

Abstract: A solid composition for generating gases when ignited is a combination 5-aminotetrazole and at least two oxidizers selected from the group consisting of potassium nitrate, potassium per-chlorate, ferric oxide, copper oxide and manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A gas generator contains hydrazodicarbonamide serving as a reducing agent, oxoacid salt serving as an oxidizing agent, and a combustion controller which is catalytic or combustible. As a combustible combustion controller, boron, and zirconium are preferred. The gas generator includes a flame coolant containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrates of metal sulfates, hydrates of metal nitrates, hydrates of metal carbonates, metal hydroxides, and hydrates of metal hydroxides in which the metal moieties are selected from the III, IV, V, and VI Period metal of the Periodic Table. As a flame coolant, magnesium hydroxide is preferred.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic delay charge for providing delays in the millisecond and second ranges, comprising the components bismuth oxide as an oxidation agent and silicon as a fuel. The invention also relates to a pyrotechnic delay element having an enclosure containing the pyrotechnical delay charge, and to a detonator having a housing, ignition means disposed at one end of the housing, a base charge of a secondary explosive disposed at the other end of the housing and the pyrotechnic delay charge disposed therebetween.

Abstract: An improved heat generating thermite composition suitable for use in an inflator of a motor vehicle airbag restraint system comprises a hard consolidated pellet, grain or wafer shaped formulation of a powdered metal fuel, a powdered metal oxide oxidizer, a binder and a supplemental oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A method for providing chemical energy and energetic compositions of matter consisting of thin layers of substances which will exothermically react with one another. The layers of reactive substances are separated by thin layers of a buffer material which prevents the reactions from taking place until the desired time. The reactions are triggered by an external agent, such as mechanical stress or an electric spark. The compositions are known as metastable interstitial composites (MICs). This class of compositions includes materials which have not previously been capable of use as energetic materials. The speed and products of the reactions can be varied to suit the application.

Abstract: A complex modulated structure of reactive elements that have the capability of considerably more heat than organic explosives while generating a working fluid or gas. The explosive and method of fabricating same involves a plurality of very thin, stacked, multilayer structures, each composed of reactive components, such as aluminum, separated from a less reactive element, such as copper oxide, by a separator material, such as carbon. The separator material not only separates the reactive materials, but it reacts therewith when detonated to generate higher temperatures. The various layers of material, thickness of 10 to 10,000 angstroms, can be deposited by magnetron sputter deposition. The explosive detonates and combusts a high velocity generating a gas, such as CO, and high temperatures.

Abstract: The invention provides a new and improved process and exothermic reaction mixture for use in the process for producing molten weld metal. The molten weld metal is used in joining one non-ferrous metal piece with at least one other metal piece. The process and exothermic reaction mixture have distinct advantages over the prior art. These advantages include a higher filler metal yield, reduction of odor, and a higher quality corrosion resistant weld. These advantages are accomplished by a process wherein a reactant mixture is provided which has a reducing agent, a filler metal which does not react with any of the compounds of the mixture, and two or more metallic compounds which are exothermically reduced by the reducing agent. The metallic compounds subsequently form a compound, with the reducing agent, having a high heat of formation which provides an exothermic reaction with sufficient heat to melt the filler metal.

Abstract: A sodium-azide-free gas-generating composition includes an oxidizable inorganic fuel, such as a metal, and an oxidizing agent containing oxygen and a metal. The fuel and the oxidizing agent are selected such that water vapor is produced upon reaction between the inorganic fuel and the oxidizing agent. Although a number of inorganic fuels can be employed, a suitable fuel can be a transition metal, another element such as silicon, boron, aluminum, magnesium, an intermetallic compound, hydrides of these metals and mixtures thereof. The oxidizing agent comprises a metal hydroxide, a metal hydrous oxide, a metal oxide hydrate, a metal oxide hydroxide, or mixtures thereof. The fuel and oxidizing agent are selected such that essentially no gases other than water vapor are produced.

Abstract: A sodium-azide-free gas-generating composition includes an oxidizable inorganic fuel, such as a metal, and an oxidizing agent containing oxygen and a metal. The fuel and the oxidizing agent are selected such that water vapor is produced upon reaction between the inorganic fuel and the oxidizing agent. Although a number of inorganic fuels can be employed, a suitable fuel can be a transition metal, another element such as silicon, boron, aluminum, magnesium, an intermetallic compound, hydrides of these metals and mixtures thereof. Suitable oxidizing agents are selected from basic metal carbonates and basic metal nitrates. The fuel and oxidizing agent are selected such that substantially nontoxic gases are produced such as mixtures of water vapor and either carbon dioxide or nitrogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal filaments for use as fuel additives for rocket propellants, explosives, and other pyrotechnic devices. Preferred filaments are those such as zirconium, niobium and titanium (and alloys thereof) which have very high heat of combustion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal filaments for use as fuel additives for rocket propellants, explosives, and other pyrotechnic devices. Preferred filaments are those such as zirconium, niobium and titanium (and alloys thereof) which have very high heat of combustion.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic, molten metal jet torch which employs a loose pyrotechnic ster powder such as (1) magnesium powder, or an intimate mixture of (2) Mg and CuO, (3) Mg and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, (4) Mg and Co.sub.3 O.sub.4, (5) Al and CuO, or (6) Al and Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 powders which are capable of being ignited by a conventional military incendiary grenade fuse and which generated enough heat to ignite pyronol pellets which are pressed from an intimate powder mixture of (1) nickel, (2) metal oxide, (3) a component selected from the group consisting of (a) aluminum and (b) a mixture of at least 50 weight percent aluminum and a metal that is magnesium, zirconium, bismuth, beryllium, boron, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metal filaments for use as fuel additives for rocket propellants, explosives, and other pyrotechnic devices. Preferred filaments are those such as zirconium, niobium and titanium (and alloys thereof) which have very high heat of combustion.

Abstract: A method for providing chemical energy and energetic compositions of matter consisting of thin layers of substances which will exothermically react with one another. The layers of reactive substances are separated by thin layers of a buffer material which prevents the reactions from taking place until the desired time. The reactions are triggered by an external agent, such as mechanical stress or an electric spark. The compositions are known as metastable interstitial composites (MICs). This class of compositions includes materials which have not previously been capable of use as energetic materials. The speed and products of the reactions can be varied to suit the application.

Abstract: A delay device or detonator contains a delay composition comprising a consolidated, particulate mixture of silicon and a suitable oxidant, and a minor effective proportion of dispersed metal compound intimately incorporated therewith to serve as a reaction facilitating flux, and the metal compound may be selected from alkali metal salts such as sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate; lead monoxide, oxides of antimony such as Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, or Sb.sub.2 O.sub.5, vanadium e.g. V.sub.2 O.sub.5 or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Controlled venting of combustion gases from an explosive material encased in a shell, as used in ordnance constructions such as rocket motors, warheads and bombs, is achieved by affixing a composite solid mass to the shell casing at a preselected location presenting low risk of damage to surrounding equipment or personnel. The solid mass is in two portions, the first being an ignition mix (in direct contact with the shell) which ignites at a temperature of 400.degree. F. to 600.degree. F. to react exothermally. The second is a reaction mix ignitable by the energy released by the ignition mix to itself release sufficient energy to degrade the metallurgical structure of the case. With the case thus weakened at a localized point, the case will rupture preferentially at that point upon an interior pressure buildup, and explosion of the entire case can be avoided.

Abstract: A time delay gas generator for military missiles, characterized by very long shelf life and accurately-determined time delay. Time delay powder is layered at high pressure, and causes heating of a metal disc at the end of a time delay interval that is accurately known. Such heating ignites an output charged to generate gas, the gas breaking a closure and performing a function in the missile.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic composition containing from 55 to 65 percent by weight Fe.s2 O.sub.3 powder, 15 to 25 percent by weight aluminum powder, 5 to 15 percent by weight Ba(NO.sub.3).sub.2, 2 to 3 percent by weight MoS.sub.2 and 5 to 10 percent by weight Viton A (a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene) is disclosed as being useful in the destruction of metal oxide-semiconductor chips.

Abstract: A thermite mixture with a low autoignition temperature for venting ordnance ase sidewalls during fuel fire, having increased density, tensile strength and elasticity.

Abstract: A high- and low-temperature-stable thermite composition for producing high-pressure and high-velocity gases comprises an oxidizable metal, an oxidizing reagent, and a high-temperature-stable gas-producing additive selected from the group consisting of metal carbides and metal nitrides.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a pyrotechnical delay charge which may be mixed in water, comprising4-17% by weight of boron (B)0-17% by weight of zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) and/or zirconium-nickel alloys10-35% by weight of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2)40-65% by weight of tin dioxide (SnO.sub.2), and0.5-10% by weight of chlorinated rubberand possibly up to 3% by weight of an aqueous dispersible acrylate binder.The chlorinated rubber component is a particularly characteristic feature of this pyrotechnical charge and is included as a phlegmatization and burning rate reducing agent.

Abstract: Very good masking of pack diffusion aluminizing or chromizing on any metal to keep portions from being diffusion coated is effected by localized coating of masking powder, the metal portion of which can have some composition as substrates. Chromizing can be performed before aluminizing for greater effects. Aluminizing of metals like iron and nickel followed by leaching out much of the diffused-in aluminum gives these substrates a pyrophoric and catalytic surface. Foil, wire or powder can be thus activated; very fine activated powder when discharged into the air forms a warm cloud that settles very slowly and decoys heat-seeking missiles.

Abstract: A curable liner for a solid propellent rocket motor includes a radiopaque material uniformly blended therein to provide a sufficient density difference between the propellant and insulator to enhance non-destructive X-ray evaluation of the liner propellant interface. Up to 10% powdered tungsten is added to a liner component mixture prior to incorporation in a rocket motor. Utilizing this radiopaque material in the liner mixture allows detection of previously undetectable voids, disbands or flaws at the liner propellant interface, thereby reducing the potential for failure of the rocket motor during operation.

Abstract: Low alloy steel tubes are decarburized, heavily diffusion chromized and heavily diffusion aluminized to protect them against sulfidation. For the diffusion they can be supported upright with one end on layer of diffusion-coating pack on floor of a retort. Surface portions that are to be welded are covered with masking layer that prevents diffusion coating, or with inert layer that reduces the amount of coating. Diffusion aluminizing can also be applied to foils and powder to make pyrophoric product after leaching out much of the introduced aluminum. Powder can also be diffusion boronized. Pyrophoric boron-containing iron or nickel powder mixed with Ba(NO.sub.3).sub.2 will ignite to cause generation of large quantity of NO.sub.2 gas, and generation is improved when powdered boron and/or oxidizer like NaClO.sub.3 is added.

Abstract: An improved primer material for use in a high-voltage photoflash lamp is provided. The primer material includes electrically insulating beads which have been coated with a friction-reducing material. The primer also includes an oxidizing agent, and a binder, and a combustible metal powder, part of the combustible metal powder being in larger particle form. A high-voltage photoflash lamp including the improved primer material of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A dry, water-activated, exothermic chemical formulation useful as a deicing agent on surfaces, which includes magnesium metal and magnesium oxide, and at least one chloride salt to depress the freezing point of water and prevent the buildup of snow and ice on surfaces.

Abstract: A primer composition using manganese dioxide as the predominant oxidizer is disclosed. The manganese dioxide oxidizer is combined with a fuel source and non-metallic initiating explosive material. Various diazo, triazole, or tetrazole compounds may be used as non-metallic initiating explosives, although diazodinitrophenol is preferred. The combustion by-products of the invention do not include toxic oxides of lead, barium, or mercury. The invention therefore provides distinct safety and environmental advantages.

Abstract: A primer charge containing an oxidizing agent and an initiating explosive. The charge contains as the oxidant zinc peroxide and as the initiating explosive diazodinitrophenol and/or a strontium salt of mono- and/or dinitrodihydroxydiazobenzene. In correspondence with the content of the strontium salt employed, the charge can also be utilized with low tamping; alternatively, such tamping can be selected at will. The charge is furthermore distinguished by lead-free and barium-free combustion products so that the charge does not exhibit the properties which make the heretofore known primer charges deleterious to the health of humans.

Abstract: An electrode comprising a base rod and a hard coating is coated with a powder coating comprising thermite, a gelling agent, and optionally particles of hard coating material that swells upon contact with water and forms a gelatinous coating upon use in underwater arc welding, and acts as an insulating, coating, and fluxing agent in underwater arc welding is disclosed.

Abstract: A gas-retaining agent consisting of bubble assemblies, each bubble assembly being one particle consisting of a large number of bubbles agglomerated into the particle, is effective for improving the safety of water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions against methane and coal dust, for improving the sympathetic detonability of the explosive compositions and for lowering their detonation velocity without deteriorating their strength.

Abstract: An aluminothermic reduction reaction mixture consisting essentially of an admixture of manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2) and metallic aluminum (Al) with alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) added thereto. The reaction does not yield a metallic phase, but produces a single phase comprising a galaxite containing slag.

Abstract: A pelletized propellant particularly suitable for crash restraint device inflation apparatus comprising an alkali metal azide, an oxidizing agent, and a metal oxide formed by dehydrating a hydrated oxide formed in situ, the burn time and sensitivity of the composition being adjusted to produce the necessary properties for crash restraint device inflators.

Abstract: A mixture of about from 60 to 40 percent amorphous boron and about from 94 to 60 percent ferric oxide, useful as an ignition composition for electrically actuated blasting caps and squibs, has outstanding thermal stability, i.e., up to about 500.degree. C. making it especially suitable for use in blasting caps in oil wells that are deep and hot, e.g., in the liquid-disabled cap described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 469,954. Bridgewire-sensitive compositions containing about from 10 to 20 percent boron are preferred. The compositions can be self-grained, or they may be grained preferably with a water-soluble polymeric binder.

Abstract: Positive rocket motor pressure hull venting in the case of deck fires is vided by placement of thermite masses at spaced locations on the interior of the hull. Small cylindrical masses as well as strip formed masses are employed. The thermite mass includes a small amount of structurally formed aluminum as well as the conventional powdered aluminum.

Abstract: In a thermite igniter/heat source comprising a container holding an internal igniter load, there is provided the improvement wherein the container consists essentially of consumable consolidated thermite having a low gas output upon combustion, whereby upon ignition, substantially all of the container and said load is consumed with low gas production.

Abstract: A smoke generating pyrotechnic composition of the type comprising an oxidizing agent--reducing agent system, a sublimable organic dye and including a binder additionally, contains a carbazate of general formula ##STR1## in which R represents a straight-chained or branched-chained alkyl group comprising 1 to 5 carbon atoms as cooling agent, inter alia. The composition is suitable, when the binder is a synthetic resin and includes such additional components as organic plasticizer and possibly a hardener and a metal oxide catalyst, for use in the production of cast smoke generating pyrotechnic products.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for the preparation of a smoke composition based on hexachloroethane, zinc oxide, and metal powder, in which zinc oxide granules obtained by high compression and subsequent crushing are used as a mixture component and the intermittent burnoff of previous smoke compositions of this type is thus avoided; the invention also concerns a smoke generator filled with such a smoke composition.

Abstract: A composition for a cutting touch for quickly breaching a munition casing d burning out the energetic material therein consists essentially from about 15 to about 20 weight percent of aluminum, from about 5 to about 10 weight percent of the copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, up to about 0.6 weight percent of graphite and the remainder of ferric oxide.

Abstract: A stacked load of gas-forming pyrotechnic fuel pellets comprising metal, metal oxide and PTFE in varying amounts for use in apparatus for severing conduits in high pressure environments.

Abstract: This invention refers to a pyrotechnical delay charge, i.e. a pyrotechnical charge having a very well defined rate of burning. Similar delay charges are generally used in military fuses of various types. The delay charge according to the invention is distinguished by its components and their proportions relative to each other. Within the framework of the limits stated in the patent claims, the delay charges rate of burning can be varied from approximately 2 to approximately 30 mm/s. Characteristic for this delay charge is primarily that it contains more than 10% by weight tin dioxide (SnO.sub.2) which acts as an oxidizer and slag former.

Abstract: An improved pyrotechnic delay composition of intermediate to slow burning time is provided for use in both electric and non-electric blasting caps. The composition comprises a mixture of barium sulphate and silicon to which may optionally be added a proportion of red lead oxide. The composition is characterized by the basence of any carcinogenic properties and is not water soluble.

Abstract: Polymeric material comprising at least four polymeric constituents which comprise mer units of the following types:I. acrylamide or derivatives thereofII. acrylonitrile or derivatives thereofIII. acrylic acid and esters, or derivatives thereofIV. alkylol, sulphonyl or phosphonyl derivatives of I.The polymeric materials are useful as components of water bearing systems which are in the form of gels or suspensions.