Abstract: Filament-wound composite bodies are disclosed. These bodies contain filament-wound fibers and resin. The resin, when cured, has a density of less than 1.05 g/cc and exhibits a water pick up of less than 1% by weight. When uncured, the resin contains an aromatic vinyl hydrocarbon monomer and as its major component poly(1,2-butadiene), carboxy-terminated poly(1,2-butadiene) or mixtures thereof and has a viscosity of less than 2000 cps at 45.degree. C. These filament-wound bodies advantageously are embodied as rocket motor cases.

Abstract: Forces are applied to cut fibres in a prescribed fashion to cause them to move in a predetermined manner toward and to be deposited on a mould surface in a controlled oriented fashion.

Abstract: For forming a perforated pipe a method is employed which includes winding on a mandrel having multiple spaced protrusions thereon angularly related strips arranged between the protrusions. These strips cooperatively define openings through which the protrusions extend. The strips are formed of fibres which are impregnated with a settable resin or plastic which combine with the fibres to form a tube adequate to resist a pressure of about 600 p.s.i. Because the protrusions are employed the fibres can be so impregnated as to be resin-rich. The openings may be screened with resin-poor granules arranged in vaulted configuration. A further strip may be wound around the foregoing arrangement to hold the granules against the resulting pipe.

Abstract: A plurality of knock-down C-shaped frame members, adjustably supporting a pair of spaced apart furniture manufacturing jig frame members in each C-frame, provides a plurality of rotatable, clear span assemblies for weaving a plurality of rattan-type fibers from each jig frame member to its juxtaposed jig frame member, and arranged to hold the jig frame members in their spaced position during the hardening of fibers, which secures such fibers in a rattan furniture frame shape. The unit provides an easily assembled and disassembled multiple station, furniture base manufacturing assembly.

Abstract: A machine for the manufacture of rotational parts in a three-dimensional material is disclosed. A mandrel provided with rows of barbs is rotatably carried by the machine, whereby superimposed layers of threads are successively deposited in the longitudinal and circumferential corridors defined between the barbs. The machine additionally comprises a retractable member adapted to hold in place one extremity of a weft thread when the latter does not extend outside of the corresponding corridor, and a winding system which positions a holding thread in a circumferential corridor near the extremities of the weft threads to hold them in place when the retractable member has been retracted.

Abstract: A multiple laminate comprises at least one laminate which is tapered at one or both ends to provide a laminate joint structure having a coupling tensile strength greater than the laminate interlaminar shear strength. The laminate joint structure contains at least one tapered laminate ply support structure containing continuous filament strands oriented parallel to the coupling load direction. The tubular laminate form of the tapered end laminate joint structure finds particular application to mechanically joined structures such as pipe and trusses.The method and apparatus for making the laminate in the form of a desired composite structure comprises winding a first ply of circumferentially oriented continuous filament strands upon a mandrel and forming the ends of the first ply to have sufficient thickness to provide an inwardly tapered conical shaped exterior surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a filament wound article is practiced by winding overlying filamentary layers on a form such that those portions of the wound layers which are covered by overlying layers include incomplete or discontinuous portions thereof whereby portions of the layers which are not covered by overlying wound layers are of a minimum thickness for enhanced accuracy in the approximation of a desired smooth thickness profile.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced plastic well screen including a slotted central section and unslotted end fitting portions is formed by manipulating a single bundle of resin-coated filaments longitudinally and circumferentially relative to a mandrel. The mandrel has a series of helically grooved segments which cooperate with each other to cause the filament bundle to form the slotted central section. Longitudinal wraps, which are looped under tension from one end of the mandrel to the other in the region between each adjacent pair of segments, are intimately bonded to all of the helical circumferential wraps which form the central section as well as those that form the end fitting portions. One removable end cap portion of the mandrel is preferably externally threaded to produce an integral internal thread in the formed well screen. A tubular internal sleeve portion of the mandrel is removable to permit the helically grooved segments to be collapsed inwardly after the well screen is cured.

Abstract: A new composition of matter comprises the product of the amassment of two or more arrays of glass roving or other suitable filaments, each of which array has been coated or impregnated with one of two complementary resin systems, preferably thermosetting polyester resin systems. Each such complementary resin system comprises substantially the same or functionally similar resin and each further comprises a curing agent, for example, in the case of polyester resin an organic peroxide, which curing agent differs from the curing agent in the other resin system. The resin system of each array further comprises suitable accelerator which is substantially ineffective to promote the curing agent of the resin system in which it is incorporated, but which does effectively promote the curing agent of the other, complementary resin system. Upon amassment of the separate arrays the two accelerators act synergisticly in the combined resin system.

Abstract: In the production of fiber reinforced axially symmetrical wound bodies each of predetermined length, by winding fibers or strands of fibers saturated with a hardenable plastic onto a mandrel, alternating layers of circumferential windings and layers with criss-cross windings being placed on top of one another, and, after hardening of the plastic, removing the mandrel, the winding is carried out to simultaneously produce a plurality of identical wound bodies axially juxtaposed on the mandrel by the steps of: winding at least one circumferential layer by attaching a plurality of fibers or strands corresponding to the number of bodies to be wound at axially spaced locations along the mandrel and winding all of the fibers or strands simultaneously on the mandrel with mutual axial spacings approximately corresponding to, or somewhat greater than, the length of each wound body; winding at least one criss-cross winding layer by attaching at least one fiber or strand to the mandrel and winding the fiber or strand ove

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing pieces of revolution made of three-dimensional material, of which the generatrix has at least one concave part, said process consisting in making a support mandrel provided with rows of pins defining therebetween longitudinal corridors and circumferential corridors, in disposing superposed layers of yarns in said corridors by winding and by filling, in densifying the assembly thus obtained, and, finally, in eliminating the support mandrel, wherein the longitudinal yarns are deposited in corresponding corridors and these yarns are maintained in the corridors at the level of said concave part. The invention also relates to a machine for carrying out this process.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing hollow bodies by stringing a plurality of filaments or bands between a pair of grip means to form a winding core which becomes a part of the body, moving a reciprocating winding apparatus parallel to the axis of the core and winding filaments or bands around the core. The filaments or bands wound around the core are of a resin impregnated plastic.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for the spiral winding of a filament wherein e.g. a wire is directed by a guide plate into the spiral groove of a template and the template is rotated to wind the wire into a spiral winding. The winding is then bonded to a backer member to form a spirally wound element e.g. an electrostatic driver component in a speaker unit and the element is then separated from the template.

Abstract: A method of making a plurality of bundles of hollow fibres with potted ends in which a plurality of channels are mounted, one or each side of the periphery of a polygonal wheel, with the open side of each channel facing radially outwardly. A hollow fibre, or a hank of hollow fibres, are fed to the wheel, which is rotated so that the fibres engage in the channels, and build up therein to form a bundle in each channel.Glue is applied by causing the fibre or fibres to engage intermittently on a glueing roller located upstream of the wheel, so that the glue is located at spaced intervals only on the fibre or fibres corresponding to the locations at which potting is required. The fibres are cut adjacent the point where the glue is applied.The channels may form part of the final hollow fibre apparatus, in which case the glue will be allowed to adhere to the channels also.

Abstract: A method is described for the production of porous bodies from vitreous silica without the use of tools. Vitreous silica wool and/or threads are wound in layers on a form. After the coil has attained a certain minimum thickness, the threads of each succeeding layer are permanently bonded by heating the threads of the preceding layer at the points where the threads cross. The form is removed, and then the threads on the inside of the body are bonded together.The bodies are used for the production of high-purity blocks of silicon for solar cells.

Abstract: A drive shaft including a universal coupling is made in the form of a uniy bonded fiber material structure having anisotropic properties. A winding form or mold is assembled to include, for example, an elongated winding sleeve, a flange forming core element, and an elongated winding mandrel joined together. Impregnated fiber material is wound onto the mold so that the fibers of the winding lie at thread angles approximately .+-.45.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the form or mold. The wound structure is compressed whereby the coupling assumes its intended shape after curing or hardening. Portions of the form or mold are removed, for example, by dissolving and washing in a suitable solvent. Alternatively the drive shaft coupling is formed directly on the torque transmitting shafts to be coupled so that the transmitting shafts are integrated into the unitary structure. The annular flange and 45.degree.

Abstract: Resin-coated filaments wound around a mandrel to make a plastic pipe or fittings. In making a fitting with a nonlinear axis, the mandrel is supported with one end adjacent a winding station and rotated about an axis substantially tangent to the nonlinear axis at the winding station. The rotating mandrel oscillates back and forth past the winding station while maintaining the nonlinear axis substantially tangent to the axis of rotation. Resin-coated filaments pass between longitudinally spaced and curved guide fingers and are wrapped around the rotating mandrel in overlapping helical patterns as it moves back and forth past the winding station. The mandrel is removed from the fitting after the resin has cured.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for fabricating plain-end pipe couplings. Ribbons of resin-soaked fiber reinforced plastic strands are wrapped about a rotating operably expandable mandrel which has placed therearound a pliable resilient form collar which defines an inner surface of such a coupling. After curing, the wrapped ribbons form a rigid coupling. The mandrel is thereafter collapsed and the coupling removed therefrom. The pliable collar is then separated from the coupling.

Abstract: A filament winding machine for winding fibrous strands coated with a resin binder onto a mandrel in a helical pattern to form a tubular article. One end of the mandrel is provided with an extension or sleeve having a smaller diameter than the mandrel, and a wind-off ring is disposed longitudinally adjacent the sleeve. In operation, the fibrous strands are initially wound on the wind-off ring to lock the strand to the ring, and the winding is then transferred to the sleeve and after several turns on the sleeve, the winding is then transferred to the outer surface of the mandrel. The diameter of the mandrel sleeve is correlated with the diameter of the mandrel and the winding angle so that no slippage of the strands occur as they pass from the sleeve onto the mandrel, thereby resulting in minimum scrappage for the wound article.

Abstract: In a novel method of forming a stator, armature, coil, etc., the steps of bonding a structure of magnet wire by applying a coating of reactive spooling oil to the length of magnet wire, followed by forming the magnet wire into a coil about an armature, making an open coil, or inserting the latter into a slot section of the core of a stator, and heating the magnet wire until the coating is converted to a hard adhesive thereby permanently forming the bonded structure of magnet wire.

Abstract: A multi-layered glass fiber sheet is formed by alternately laying groups of glass fiber warps and glass fiber wefts upon one another. The basic structure of the multi-layered glass fiber sheet is produced by deforming a portion of a circulating endless belt into a cylindrical shape in a section of the path of the belt, guiding glass fiber warps in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrically deformed portion of the belt to cover the entire periphery of the cylinder of the belt, winding glass fiber wefts about the cylinder of the glass fiber warps at right angles or at angles less than right angles to the warps, applying additional glass fiber warps to the cylinder in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder to form a multi-layered cylindrical product comprising warps and wefts, and ripping or cutting the cylindrical product along a line in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical product by a cutter to provide a multi-layered sheet.

Abstract: A slip sleeve liner such as for a telescoping drive line is of generally square cross-section. A low-friction material forms the inner face. The body of the liner is of a cured epoxy resin reinforced with circumferential glass filaments. These glass filaments extend uniquely around the corner to provide the reinforcement of the resin which is required to prevent its failure under the strains resulting from the torque loading.

Abstract: Plastic pipe reinforced with rovings is produced by wetting the rovings with liquid resin and winding the wetted rovings onto a rotating mandrel from a carriage that moves to and fro along the length of the mandrel. The rovings are drawn onto the mandrel over a concavely arched surface mounted on the carriage. As the carriage reverses its direction at each end of the mandrel, the tilt of the concavely arched surface with respect to the carriage also reverses so the rovings always pass over the same section of the concavely arched surface. Apparatus for practicing this process is described.

Abstract: A circular wave guide for transmitting the TE.sub.11 mode of propagation is manufactured such that it is suitable for winding on a drum. During manufacture, a flexible thin-walled conductive tube is reinforced by an outer protective covering of plastic material and by an inner reinforcing member also of plastic material. The inner reinforcing member may be of tubular cross-section as shown, or may have some other cross-section, e.g. cruciform. The inner reinforcing member may be made of a material which shrinks on heating so that it can be removed once the wave guide has been unwound from the drum employed during transport. The conductor tube may be periodically intended to improve its flexibility.

Abstract: A hollow, stiff, one-piece filament-reinforced composite mandrel of nonuniform wall thickness for a wind turbine blade spar is comprised of bonded inner and outer filament-reinforced shells. The inner shell is fabricated by bonding together separately formed tubular halves. The outer shell is built up on the outer surface of the inner shell preferably by judicious winding of a plurality of turns of filament-reinforced epoxy resin material.

Abstract: A tubular fiber reinforced composite shaft is formed (as described) which integrally incorporates a metal sleeve or connection at the end thereof. Initially a metal sleeve having knurls on its outer surface is positioned upon a segment of a mandrel. Fibrous material bearing a non-solidified resinous material is applied around the mandrel and around the knurls and is locked between spaced knurl projections. Additional fibrous material bearing the non-solidified resinous material is applied to the previously applied material. The resinous material next is solidified to form a tubular composite shaft whereby a secure torsion-transmitting connection is made with the sleeve, and the mandrel is removed. Alternatively, an outer sleeve can be inserted after the additional fibrous material has been applied to the first-named sleeve. The outer sleeve has knurls on an inner surface thereof and is pressed against the fibrous material as by swagging.

Abstract: A tubular fiber reinforced composite shaft is formed (as described) which integrally incorporates a metal sleeve or connection at the end thereof. Initially a metal sleeve having longitudinal grooves is positioned upon a segment of a mandrel. The grooves are inclined in a direction extending longitudinally inwardly and radially outwardly. Fibrous material bearing a non-solidified resinous material is applied around the mandrel and around the grooves in the sleeve. An annular lock ring having radially inwardly projecting ridges is inserted axially over the fibrous material whereby the ridges press the fibrous material into the grooves in the sleeve. The resinous material is then solidified to form a tubular composite shaft whereby a torsion-transmitting connection is made with the sleeve.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a coreless armature winding for an electric machine, such as a motor, having two or more poles. A source of wire is revolved in a fixed orbit about a rotatable cylinder, the axis of this orbit being inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The wire is guided about first and second guide members positioned at opposite spaced apart locations on the surface of the cylinder. These guide members define the opposite ends of the coreless armature winding such that when the wire is wound thereabout, one complete turn is formed on the surface of the cylinder. The cylinder is rotated about its longitudinal axis in synchronism with the revolution of the wire, the cylinder being rotated by a predetermined angle corresponding to the pitch of the winding so that, as the wire continues to revolve, successive skewed turns are formed on the surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A loop type force transmitting element is made of fiber composite or compd material. The force transmitting element has a predetermined cross-sectional shape and is open at one end. The cross-sectional area through the loop is constant along the length of the loop. However, the cross-sectional shape or configuration varies along the length of the loop. This type of structure is accomplished by machine winding the reinforcing fibers or filaments as an endless loop onto a winding core which has lateral walls spaced from each other so that the spacing corresponds to the wall thickness configuration along the length of the force transmitting element. One loop portion of the initially endless loop is severed after the composite material has been hardened whereby a loop element is formed which is open at one end.

Abstract: A process and apparatus are disclosed for the simultaneous preparation of several hollow fiber devices especially useful for fluid fractionation operations, wherein at least one hollow fiber is wound around means, at least three in number, located in different planes thereby obtaining with this fiber an envelope having a polygonal section, which can be cut in at least two places as it is formed, so as to obtain at least two distinct groups of hollow fiber lengths. Various specific embodiments are described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a glass fibre reinforced pipe by winding a first resin impregnated pipe layer of glass fibres oriented approximately in the circumferential direction and setting the layer so formed. The set first pipe layer is then subjected to axial pressure loading by an external force and a pressure medium from inside. A second resin impregnated pipe layer having glass fibres extending approximately in the axial direction is then applied to the loaded first pipe layer, and set. After setting, the external pressure force and the pressure medium are removed so that a residual stress or prestress condition forms in the finished pipe.

Abstract: A woven seamless sleeve including axial yarns forms the inner face of an epoxy resin cylinder for an air operated linear actuator. Under certain conditions, a minute, internal, spiral groove develops in applying the resin. In the operation of the actuator the groove serves to retain lubricant.

Abstract: Efficient electromagnetic shielding envelopes made of wound metallic glass filaments are disclosed. They are made by winding the filaments around a suitably shaped mandrel and embedding the filaments in a matrix. These shielding envelopes have high shielding ratios at low magnetic fields and are easily manufactured.

Abstract: Reinforced plastic pipe is made at high rates using a wiper to remove resin from the surface of the rovings after they are applied to a rotating mandrel. The wiper leaves an optimum surface layer of resin on the rovings. For small diameter pipe, production rates are further increased by rotating the mandrel above its first critical speed.

Abstract: A filament winding apparatus having means associated with the winding ring thereof for automatically widening the space between the guide surfaces of the ring at predetermined intervals so as to allow for the removal of any residue or debris which may accumulate therein during operation and cause filament breakage. The apparatus is particularly suitable for winding fibers, such as carbon fibers, which have a susceptibility to shed or fragment during winding, and thereby cause an accumulation of debris in the winding ring.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a novel fiberglass pole construction and the method for forming such. The pole is of composite construction and includes inner, outer and intermediate layers resin bonded together into an integral hollow elongated tapered form exhibiting lightweight and high strength characteristics. The intermediate layer includes individual sublayers in turn formed from a plurality of strips of non-woven, unidirectional glass fiber fabric. The strips of each sublayer are circumferentially staggered about the periphery of the pole and are disposed lengthwise therealong so that the orientation of the glass fibers forming such strips is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pole. Several such sublayers are built up until the necessary strength characteristics have been imparted to the pole. An outer layer of generally spirally wrapped ribbon essentially completes the structure.

Abstract: A bent pipe of reinforced synthetic resin is produced by supporting a flexible and elastic tubular mandrel in a stiff and straight position, forming layers of fiber impregnated with thermo-hardening synthetic resin about the mandrel, releasing the mandrel from the straightly stiffened position, bending the mandrel in the desired curvature, heat hardening the synthetic resin, and then extracting the mandrel from the bent pipe thus formed and hardened.

Abstract: A filament winding machine includes a servomotor connected to position a filament distributing carriage relative to a rotating mandrel to form a tubular member. An incremental encoder is connected to the mandrel and produces a pulse related output per mandrel revolution. An absolute encoder is connected to the servomotor and provides an absolute position number. The encoders are sampled at a fixed rate. A mathematical calculating circuit reads the incremental encoder and based on a predetermined movement design for the gear drive, the desired winding configuration and the like determines the proper position, which is compared to the absolute encoder reading to produce an error control signal to the servomotor. A preselected sequence of actual position numbers and the corresponding calculated position numbers are continuously updated in a temporary memory.

Abstract: A filament-reinforced resin-impregnated hollow body having at least one internal circumferential strengthening flange or rib is fabricated by winding a first filamentary winding on each of two mandrel portions, the filament being wound across at least one end of each portion so that the winding extends inwards towards the axis of each mandrel portion. With these two ends spaced opposite one another, a second filamentary winding is wound between the inwardly extending parts of the first winding. A third winding is then applied over the first and second windings. After curing the resin-impregnated windings, the mandrel is removed, leaving an internal flange formed by the inwardly extending parts of the first winding in conjunction with the second winding.

Abstract: A composite structure includes a grid having filaments built up in a stacked arrangement in rows with the rows crossing at nodes where the filaments of the crossing rows are interlaced. None of the filaments passes directly through any node, but instead the filaments of each row pass to the sides of a central area in the node with half being on one side of the central area and half being on the other side. The filament lay-up around the nodes is such that only two filaments cross at any one location thus equalizing filament build-up at the nodes and webs. The stacked array of filaments is impregnated with a resin, which may be applied to the filaments before or after the lay-up, and the resin upon being cured forms a hard matrix in which the filaments are embedded. Preferably, the rows of filaments assume three different orientations, with those orientations being at 60.degree. angles with respect to each other.

Abstract: A foraminous screening device comprising a cylindrically tubular body having a plurality of spaced apart apertures therethrough and including a network of helically shaped ribs. The network includes first and second rib sets both having a plurality of mutually parallel and axially spaced ribs therein. The ribs of the first set have a clockwise orientation and are connected at points of intersection to the ribs of the second set which are oriented in a counterclockwise direction. Each of the ribs comprises a plurality of axially disposed, overlying bundles of tensed glass filament which are interconnected and embedded in a matrix of hardened synthetic resin. The ribs are interwoven at each point of intersection, and each bundle constitutes a portion of a continuous, elongated glass filament strand.

Abstract: In the process of manufacturing a pipe by winding either resin-free or resin-impregnated filaments or roving onto a mandrel in layers wherein there are both a resin curing step and changes both in direction and angle of winding of said filaments between layers at fixed locations described hereinafter as wind-stops, the improvement comprising providing a means such as a deformable or movable insert that 1) is capable of substantially withstanding the compressive forces arising from the winding of said filaments or roving upon the mandrel and remaining substantially uneffected by any temperature arising during manufacture of said pipe, 2) is substantially inert to said resin composition, 3) yields to the compressive forces which can arise due to shrinkage of said pipe during said resin curing step, and 4) is adapted to permit said shrinkage so as to avoid the creation of strains in the longitudinal direction of said pipe.

Abstract: Reinforced plastic tapered tubular rod products and the method and apparatus for producing the same. Tapered steel mandrels of desired length and cross-sectional shape are connected in endwise alignment to form a continuously moving mandrel structure. The mandrels each have an enlarged head and a tapered nose at the opposite end thereof so that the nose extends into a recess formed in the enlarged head of the next proceeding mandrel. These mandrels are fed through a multiplicity of winding wheels in which filament containing strands issued from spools on the wheels are helically wound upon the mandrels. The winding wheels are individually programmable so that the geometry of the reinforcement can be varied ply by ply to obtain the desired longitudinal thickness and the desired torsional stiffness in the end product.

Abstract: Reinforced plastic articles such as pipes, receptacles and sheet-like laminated structures wherein the reinforcing material comprises at least one layer of a combination of glass fibers and steel cord; processes for making same.

Abstract: A lightweight composite fiber wound tubular member or casing, such as a rocket motor case, has one or more openings formed through one end portion of the wall thereof by orienting the filaments or fibers around each opening to provide reinforcement for loads applied to fasteners passing through said openings. The orientation of the filaments or fibers is such as to receive and transfer loads applied to the walls of the openings in the tubular member in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member. A method of manufacturing the tubular member is disclosed which includes winding the filaments or fibers along a helical path and around the area defining each opening, together with the apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: A friction facing for clutches and the like of improved hot burst strength formed of a glass fiber tape disposed in an undulating annular fashion, the undulations being compressed and bonded together by a heat-curable cement system containing rubber, resin and friction modifiers, the rubber being a vulcanizable carboxy nitrile rubber, the resin being a water-soluble, low molecular weight, one-step thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, and the friction modifiers being finely divided organic and inorganic particles. In fabricating the friction facings, prior to the application of the heat-curable cement system, there is applied to the glass filaments a precoating comprising rubber, resin and furnace black which is compatible with the cement system and which is applied as an aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: One or several strands of a material in plastic state are laid in pressure free fashion into an exposed exteriorly accessible circular exterior inlet channel of an extrusion die, while at least the diepart or dieparts, which define the inlet orifice are rotated so as to lay each strand generally helically in the channel, and a driving shear force is applied against the material in the inlet channel to advance the material towards the die orifice, from where it is extruded in form of a tubular film or a circular array of filamentituous elements. The driving shear force can be established by rollers or scrapers engaging with the inlet orifice, or by moving the two sides of the inlet orifice relative to each other preferably in connection with an internal vanes adapted to produce a pumping action, or by an inserted ring in the orifice.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a rigid elongate member of resin bonded reinforcing elements, e.g. a resin bonded glass fibre rod, reinforcing elements are passed through an apertured guide and are secured to one of two hook means spaced one vertically above the other. Elongate loops of the reinforcing elements are formed by effecting vertical to and fro movement of the guide between the hook means, as the guide approaches each hook means in turn the guide partially rotating said hook means so that the elements are wound over it. One hook means is rotatably driven with respect to the other hook means to twist the elongate loops together to form a skein in which the twisted reinforced elements are held under tension between the two hook means. The skein is then cured.

Abstract: A reticulated tube of reinforced ceramic fibers is provided as a catalyst carrier for use in the catalytic conversion of internal combustion engine exhaust fumes. The tube is comprised of multiple layers of continuous yarn of selected ceramic fibers which can be bonded, if desired, with a substantially nonporous binder having selected properties and contained in a refractory oxide matrix having selected properties.

Abstract: A lightweight composite fiber wound tubular member or casing, such as a rocket motor case, has one or more openings formed through one end portion of the wall thereof by orienting the filaments or fibers around each opening to provide reinforcement for loads applied to fasteners passing through said openings. The orientation of the filaments or fibers is such as to receive and transfer loads applied to the walls of the openings in the tubular member in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the tubular member. A method of manufacturing the tubular member is disclosed which includes winding the filaments or fibers along a helical path and around the area defining each opening, together with the apparatus for performing the method.