Abstract: A method for forming a double-sided loop strap includes: receiving a continuous longitudinal strip of loop material including a strip-form base bearing a field of upstanding loops on a fastening side of the strip bounded by opposite longitudinal edges, folding each of the longitudinal edges away from the fastening side, such that the base overlaps itself, and securing the folded edges in place by permanently bonding together overlapped areas of the base to form the double-sided loop strap.

Abstract: The present technology relates to systems and methods for cleaning a compression molding system. In particular, a system including a first roller carrying a cleaning tape is provided. The system further includes a second roller configured to dispense the cleaning tape along a compression molding structure. The tape is removably adhered to the structure and subsequently removed, thereby removing foreign debris such as dust and/or other particles from the compression molding structure.

Abstract: A panel forming station has a frame, a pair of clamping devices and a pair of end forming devices. A panel is clamped between one clamping device and the frame. The first forming device forms a first trimless end on the panel. The first forming device has a cutter bending blade and a roller that forms the first trimless end. The second clamping device clamps a panel. The second forming device has a cutter, a bending blade and a roller to form the second trimless end. A controller couples with the first and second clamping device and first and second end forming devices to control the panel's passage through the frame.

Abstract: A method of sorting a first subset of items in an order handling center, wherein at least a majority of the items of the first subset are sized below a predetermined size limit. The method includes directing the first subset of the items through an opening into a bag having a plurality of panels of flexible material coupled together at a plurality of seams. The method includes causing the bag to assume a substantially cuboid shape as the bag is filled to capacity with the first subset of items and stacking the bag on a pallet at a staging destination within the order handling center. The staging destination is associated with a delivery route from the order handling center.

Abstract: A system and method for enhanced magnet wire insulation is described. The method comprises a sequence of operations to create an enhanced magnet wire insulation suitable for use in temperatures of about 550° Fahrenheit. A magnet copper wire is wrapped with a polyimide wrap and subsequently wrapped with an organic polymer thermoplastic (e.g., PEEK). The polyimide wrap is applied while the magnet copper wire is around a spool to create a wrapped magnet wire. The wrapped magnet wire can be heated using an induction coil in a metal tube bolted to an extruder to remove moisture and to enable adding the layer of organic polymer thermoplastic. The metal tube can be held at a partial vacuum to augment moisture removal of the wrapped magnet wire prior to running the wrapped magnet wire through the extruder which adds the organic polymer thermoplastic layer. This method produces an enhanced magnet wire suitable for a wide range of temperatures.

Abstract: A transport, driving or pressing belt, comprising at least one belt material having a lower and an upper face limited by two longitudinal edges and two transverse edges running obliquely with respect to the main extension direction of the belt, the belt material being closed and the longitudinal edges being folded down, and a method for manufacturing a transport, driving or pressing belt. To ensure high tensile strength over the complete belt length and avoid an edge tearing of the first belt material at the longitudinal edges, the transverse edges of a first belt material lie against each other in abutting relationship, and a second belt material is arranged centrically on the first belt material at least in the region of the transverse edges. The second belt material here nearly covers a width of 50% of the first belt material and is centrically glued with the first belt material.

Abstract: A pet urine pad convenient to carry includes multiple single urine pads, wherein the middle part of each single urine pad is folded, every two adjacent single urine pads are connected by a breaking-point line and the multiple single urine pads are laminated in sequence from top to bottom to form an integral body.

Abstract: A portable and modular cooking oil cleaning system includes a wheeled carriage module, a filtering module rested on the wheeled carriage module, and a pump module removably coupled to the wheeled carriage module. The pump module includes a cooking oil return outlet coupled in fluid communication to a cleaned cooking oil inlet configured to be removably coupled in fluid communication to the cleaned cooking oil outlet of the filtering module so as to form a cooking oil flow pathway through the filtering and pump modules from the filtering module to the cooking oil return outlet of the pump module, and a pump. The pump generates a flow of used cooking oil through the cooking oil flow pathway, and the filter system of the cooking oil filtering module entraps contaminants from the flow of used cooking oil in the cooking oil flow pathway through the cooking oil filtering module.

Abstract: A method for producing a decorated wall or floor panel, comprising placing a pourable granulate carrier material between two belt-like conveyors; molding the carrier material under the influence of temperature while forming a web-like carrier; compressing the carrier; treating the carrier under the influence of temperature and pressure by use of a dual-belt press; cooling the carrier; applying a decor simulating a decorative template onto at least a portion of the carrier; and applying a protective layer onto at least a portion of the decor. A wall or floor panel that is particularly stable, adaptable and high quality. An apparatus comprising elements for performing this method. A wall or floor panel comprising a plate-shaped carrier comprising a connecting element edge profile.

Abstract: A rodent bait station for retention of sachet bait, which is a malleable bait retained within a porous bag or package having sidewardly protruding flaps. The bait station may be a molded plastic structure with a lid hinged to a base. Base walls define a bait compartment sized to receive the sachet bait such that the flaps overlie the opposed bait compartment base walls. The lid has downwardly protruding bait compartment walls which overlie the base bait compartment walls. Undulating or jagged teeth are formed on the lid and base bait compartment walls. When the lid is closed on the base, the teeth projecting from the lid cooperate with the teeth protruding from the base, thereby engaging and clamping a retained sachet bait package flaps to thus retain the package with the bait station even after a rodent has broken into the package to access the poison contained therein.

Abstract: In the building of a carcass structure for tires of vehicle wheels, the step of reinforcing with a loop at least one annular anchoring structure associated at the axially opposite end edges of a carcass ply is carried out on at least one radially expandable/contractable service drum and includes the steps of: setting the service drum to a predetermined radial dimension selected according to the fitting diameter of the tire to be manufactured, depositing the loop on the service drum, loading the annular anchoring structure onto the service drum in a radially outer position with respect to the loop, radially expanding the service drum up to lock in position the annular anchoring structure, rotating the service drum about a longitudinal axis thereof and, during the rotation, turning the loop up about the annular anchoring structure.

Abstract: A shielded cable includes two signal wires, each of which having a signal conductor covered with an insulator, and a shield conductor having a metal clad resin tape spirally wrapped around the two signal wires in a lump. The insulator is configured so that a section thereof is to be deformable by an external force. A residual diameter ratio of the signal wire is 80% or greater and 95% or less when load of 1 kg is applied to the signal wire for 30 minutes.

Abstract: A sheet processing apparatus includes a processing table to which a printed sheet is transported, a positioning member that positions the sheet, a cutter that cuts the positioned sheet into a binding margin portion and an image portion, and a taping unit that joins the binding margin portion and the image portion together with a tape in a state in which a gap is formed therebetween.

Abstract: A net includes lower fixed and upper vertically adjustable parts. The net parts extend across a playing area. Ends of the net parts are fastened to posts at sides of the playing area. The lower net part is fixedly mounted at a lower post part. The upper net part is doubly folded along a line along a longitudinal direction, forming a fold along the line. The upper net part exhibits a downwardly-hanging portion on each side of the fold. The ends of the upper net part are fastened to a vertically adjustable upper post part. The fold of the upper net part is arranged across the lower net part in a longitudinal direction with a portion hanging down on each side of the lower net part, so that the upper net part at least between a lower part of the hanging portions encloses an upper part of the lower net part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing fiber-reinforced flat semifinished products based on a polyamide matrix, comprising the following steps: (a) saturation of textile structures with a mixture comprising molten lactam, catalyst, and optionally activator, (b) cooling of the saturated textile structures, and (c) finishing of the cooled textile structures to give the fiber-reinforced flat semifinished product. The invention further relates to a process for producing a component made of the fiber-reinforced flat semifinished product.

Abstract: A vacuum cleaner filter bag is provided. The vacuum cleaner filter bag includes at least one side fold formed by two fold legs, and the vacuum cleaner filter bag is designed as a tubular bag, wherein, in a turned-in state, the at least one side fold has at least three edges, wherein two of the edges are formed by a respective weld seam, and wherein the side fold can be turned out with the edges formed by a weld seam.

Abstract: A sealed hemmed closure assembly includes an inner panel having a first face and a second face, and an outer panel having a panel portion and a hemming portion. The second face of the inner panel substantially opposes the first face, and the hemming portion of the outer panel is disposed proximate an edge of the outer panel. The panel portion of the outer face is configured to abut the first face of the inner panel, and the hemming portion is configured to abut the second face of the inner panel. An adhesive material is disposed between the panel portion of the outer panel and the first face of the inner panel, and a sealant material is disposed between the hemming portion of the outer panel and the second face of the inner panel.

Abstract: A method of preventing a handheld electronic device from slipping in relation to a smooth hard surface having a low coefficient of friction is disclosed. The method includes forming a decorative layer from a label stock; forming a contoured surface on an anti-slip layer; bonding the decorative layer and the anti-slip layer together to form an anti-slip skin; and adhering the anti-slip skin to the handheld electronic device. The contoured surface prevents the handheld device from slipping on the hard surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing absorbent articles (9) includes feeding a longitudinal web (1) of web material having openings (16) such that spaced apart, opposing margins (18) of web material are formed between the respective opening and opposing longitudinal edges of the web material; carrying out a folding action (20) of folding the web about itself along its longitudinal direction; carrying out a second (30) folding action of folding at least a portion of the web along its longitudinal direction; after the second folding action, forming a joint (46) in the web, the joint being formed at least in a part of the region in which the opposing margins have been brought together by the second folding action; finally separating (8) the web through the joint to separate an individual absorbent article from the end of the web.

Abstract: A fabrication method of forming a thermoplastic composite laminate material with tailored and varying thickness in a continuous process. This process utilizes automated equipment or hand lay-up to collate parts or components into a multi-layer stack. Each stack contains all plies, including ply build-up areas, tacked in the proper location to maintain orientation and location. The consolidation tooling contains all necessary part features and is coordinated to the customized multiple ply stacks to form a single integrated thermoplastic composite laminate potentially having areas of differing thickness from these multiple ply stacks.

Abstract: A device for transferring labels in a labeling machine with at least two retaining elements for holding labels, with the retaining elements being mounted offset in the circumferential direction around a gripper cylinder axle, and a mechanical control means configured to change the relative speed between the retaining elements in the circumferential direction of the gripper cylinder.

Abstract: The method for equipping a building component with a sealing tape includes providing a building component which has two profile channels open in an upward direction and providing a sealing tape comprising an elastically recoverable foam strip and a stiff strip-shaped element, which comprises a first side section and a second side section and includes two predetermined fold points. The first side section and the second side section of the stiff strip-shaped element are bent downward in opposite directions at the two predetermined fold points, and the bent-over first and second side sections are then introduced into the two profile channels where they clamp themselves in place.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a tray, a folding section connected to the tray, and a tape application system. The tray has a channel for receiving an elongate insert for a composite material with a number of layers for a release system. The folding section is capable of folding a number of layers around the elongate insert to cover the elongate insert as the elongate insert is moved through the folding unit. The tape application system is capable of applying a tape to the number of layers for covering the elongate insert to form the release system.

Abstract: A self-contained, portable and automated apparatus and method for wrapping edges of a panel with a protective and/or decorative laminate material comprises conveying means for moving the panel from an entry end of the apparatus to an exit end of the apparatus, lifting means for transversely deflecting the flap upward to a position substantially perpendicular to the front surface of the panel as the panel is conveyed, adhesive application means for applying an adhesive to a back surface of the panel proximate the edge substantially throughout the length of the panel as the panel is moved past the adhesive application means, a folding bar positioned downstream from the adhesive application means at an angle of about 135 to 170 degrees relative to a trailing part of the edge to transversely deflect the flap downward toward the adhesive on the back surface of the panel, and a roller positioned downstream from the folding bar and arranged to spin inwardly over the flap at an angle of about 130 to 150 degrees relat

Abstract: An embossed sheet 40, which is a strip-like sheet on a surface of which an embossed pattern 30 is formed and which is rolled up, includes band-like bump portions 34 formed on widthwise both end portions of the sheet along a longitudinal direction of the sheet to be thicker than the other portions of the sheet.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an absorbent wearing article being capable of alleviating irritation to the wearer's skin as well as to be easily produced and a method for making the same. A liquid-absorbent chassis 4 is provided with a barrier cuff 5 including first and second barrier cuffs 5a, 5b each comprising an outermost edge 21, an innermost edge 24 and front and rear ends 22, 23 opposed to and spaced from each other in a longitudinal direction Y. The outermost edge 21 as well as the front and rear ends 22, 23 are joined to a topsheet 10 to define a fixed edge and the innermost edge 24 is not joined to the topsheet 10 to define a free edge adapted to be freely spaced from the liquid-absorbent chassis 4. Of the first and second barrier cuffs 5a, 5b, at least the fixed edge is formed by an inelastic, substantially non-extensible first sheet 25 while the free edge is formed by an elastically extensible second sheet 26.

Abstract: A process for wrapping an edge flap of a workpiece having a covering sheet extending over a front face thereof and edge flaps protruding outwardly beyond the front face. The workpiece is positioned on a table, with one edge and the protruding flap overhanging and protruding outwardly beyond the table. The workpiece is disposed in proper location by positioning elements and clamps fix it to the table. adhesive is applied to the edge flap. A wrapping arrangement is provided with wiping blades so that upward movement of the wiping arrangement causes a first wiping blade to engage the edge flap and wipe it upwardly into engagement with an edge face, following which the wiping arrangement moves the second blade over the workpiece so that a second wiping blade engages the end part of the flap and wipes it downwardly into engagement with the back face of the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for continuously forming a composite material shape member having a varied cross-sectional shape. A C-shaped movable mold 100 having a center portion 110 and both end portions 120 and 130 with a smaller surface dimension than the center portion is prepared, and prepreg sheets are laminated in advance to the both end portions 120 and 130 and the center portion 110, then these plies of prepreg sheets are denoted as the laminate 320, so that the whole body has a flat planar surface. Prepreg sheets 300 are drawn out from rolls 210 and 220 and passed through a preforming device 230 so that a C-shaped member 310 having a uniform cross-sectional shape is preformed. The movable mold 100 with pre-laminate 320 is superposed to the preformed member 310, which is passed through a hot press device, an after-cure furnace 260 where thermosetting of the member is completed, and then the movable mold 100 is removed to complete a formed product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a tray, a folding section connected to the tray, and a tape application system. The tray has a channel for receiving an elongate insert for a composite material with a number of layers for a release system. The folding section is capable of folding a number of layers around the elongate insert to cover the elongate insert as the elongate insert is moved through the folding unit. The tape application system is capable of applying a tape to the number of layers for covering the elongate insert to form the release system.

Abstract: A method is provided for making an elastic composite for incorporation into a disposable absorbent garment. An elastic element applicator is provided that is configured to move a section of a continuous strand of elastic element generally about a plane. A first web of material is conveyed in a first web moving direction such that the first web intersects the plane. Then, the applicator is operated to move the elastic element about the plane, thereby applying the section of elastic element onto the first web along a direction generally transverse to the web moving direction and such that the first web draws the continuous elastic strand from the elastic element applicator as the first web is conveyed away from the plane. The elastic element applicator may be in the form of a spin cylinder or bracket that is operated to spin the elastic element about the moving first web, thereby applying the elastic element on the first web.

Abstract: A hollow filter tube is produced with a longitudinal seam and a fixed diameter. In the formation of the hollow tube glue is applied along a longitudinal side edge portion of an endless strip, and the strip is then formed into a tubular shape with an unglued longitudinal edge portion tucked directly under and against the glued side edge portion. The hollow tube is then heated to drive moisture from the glue and size and shape the hollow tube. Ultimately the formed hollow tube is cut into specific lengths.

Abstract: A dust filter bag is in the shape of a flat bag for a vacuum cleaner, which is formed from a first layer and a second layer made of a weldable material. The layers are welded together circumferentially along the circumference thereof.

Abstract: A filter bag for a vacuum cleaner includes a tubular bag made of a casing which has at least one nonwoven layer. The casing has a first end region which is sealed at least partially and a second sealed end region situated opposite the first end region. The first end region is folded and forms a base.

Abstract: A method/apparatus closes and finishes an open end of a product that can be fused together with heat. The apparatus includes a bending stage, a fusing stage, and a pressing/cooling stage, which all can be integrally formed, with the bending stage positioned upstream of the fusing stage, and the pressing/cooling stage positioned downstream of the fusing stage. The apparatus can further include a trimming stage positioned upstream of the bending stage for preparing the ends of a panel. The product has a pair of spaced layers with edges that form an open end. Either one or both of the layers can be heated and rolled toward the other layer while being heated so that they contact and fuse together. The layers can overlap and fuse at their contact surfaces, or the edges can abut to form a butt joint, or the edges can overlap slightly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine for the manufacture of a web of corrugated board which is conveyed in a working direction and comprises at least one smooth liner and at least one corrugated medium that has corrugation tips and corrugation troughs, the corrugated medium being applied by adhesion to the at least one liner at least in the vicinity of the corrugation troughs, wherein a quality assessment device for assessment of the quality of the adhesive bond between the at least one liner and the at least one corrugated medium is provided, which comprises at least one ultrasonic transmitter that is disposed on one side of the web of corrugated board and at least one ultrasonic receiver that is disposed on the opposite side of the web of corrugated board and is allocated to the at least one ultrasonic transmitter; and a control anti evaluation unit which, in a manner for data transmission, is connected to the at least one ultrasonic receiver for evaluation of the signal of the ultrasonic receiver.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a preform, and apparatus therefor, wherein a preform with a branched portion in its cross-section profile is continuously manufactured by delivering a raw form of reinforcing fiber base material with a branched portion in its cross-section profile, among multiple reinforcing fiber base materials for constructing the preform, intermittently in the longitudinal direction thereof; at each delivery discontinuation, performing heat and/or pressure application to the raw base material so as to tentatively obtain a preliminary shaped matter with given configuration; and uniting the obtained preliminary shaped matter with given configuration with raw forms of other reinforcing fiber base materials for constructing the preform.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the combining of hollow fibers to form a bundle, wherein after a batch-wise taking of continuously manufactured hollow fibers onto a reel apparatus the hollow fibers placed together to form bundles are wound around by means of a winding film and are subsequently welded. Such hollow fibers represent intermediate products in the manufacture of dialyzers for use in hemodialysis.

Abstract: A method of making RFID tags includes printing individualized information to a printable facestock on which an RFID device is attached. Generic information may be preprinted on the facestock before the RFID device is attached. The facestock may be folded over, putting the generic information and individualized information on different sides of the tag. The individualized information may be a function of information obtained by reading or interrogating the RFID device.

Abstract: In a corrugated cardboard machine and in a method of producing a web of corrugated cardboard, an electronic control device is provided in order to avoid downtimes of the corrugated cardboard machine, said control device being designed such that at least one web length of the web of corrugated cardboard between the at least one production device and a longitudinal cutting device is detectable and an application width of the at least one production device is variable in dependence on the at least one web length. Changing the application width prevents an escape of glue from the sides so that there is no need for cleaning.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a fiber application method and a fiber application machine for producing parts in composite material, such as for the application of a band of fibers on convex surfaces and/or with edges. The machine comprises a fiber application head and a moving system for moving said application head. The application head comprises a compacting system including a compacting roller intended to come in contact against the application surface to apply the band, and a compacting member placed downstream from said compacting roller and exhibiting a substantially planar contact surface, said compacting member being capable of being pressed by its contact surface, against an application surface, substantially on the entire width of a band, by at least one contact line.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for continuously forming a composite material shape member having a varied cross-sectional shape. A C-shaped movable mold 100 having a center portion 110 and both end portions 120 and 130 with a smaller surface dimension than the center portion is prepared, and prepreg sheets are laminated in advance to the both end portions 120 and 130 and the center portion 110, then these plies of prepreg sheets are denoted as the laminate 320, so that the whole body has a flat planar surface. Prepreg sheets 300 are drawn out from rolls 210 and 220 and passed through a preforming device 230 so that a C-shaped member 310 having a uniform cross-sectional shape is preformed. The movable mold 100 with pre-laminate 320 is superposed to the preformed member 310, which is passed through a hot press device, an after-cure furnace 260 where thermosetting of the member is completed, and then the movable mold 100 is removed to complete a formed product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing composite ring frames for aeronautical fuselages by means of the application of the RTM technology to two preforms with C- and L-shaped sections manufactured using two tools (21, 55) in the following steps: providing the material; hot-forming planar rectangular laminates (41); hot-forming laminates of right angle section (51) on one part of right angle section of the first tool (21), placing an elastic membrane (55) and applying a temperature and vacuum cycle; hot-forming the preforms into a C shape (11) and L shape (13) on a second curved tool (55) by deforming said laminates of right angle section (51) thereon, and applying a temperature and vacuum cycle. The invention also relates to said tools (21, 55).

Abstract: Apparatus for applying labels to an article being conveyed along an article conveyor path comprises first and second label applicator pad members hingedly connected together, and a single air cylinder actuator, comprising a piston rod fixedly connected to the first label applicator pad member, which is movable between a RETRACTED position and an EXTENDED position. An applicator roller is disposed upon the second movable label applicator pad member, and in accordance with the label application mode of operation, the applicator roller adheres a downstream half-end portion of a label onto a side face of the carton, wraps the label around a trailing end corner region of the carton, and applies an upstream half-end portion of the label onto the trailing end face of the carton when the piston rod is moved to the EXTENDED position while the article is being conveyed past the label applicator pad members by the article conveyor.

Abstract: A trim part for use with a vehicle includes a substrate and a trim cover overlaying the substrate. The trim cover has first and second portions that are folded together to form a flexible edge seal that is engageable with the vehicle. A method of making such a trim part is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for making an elastic composite for incorporation into a disposable absorbent garment. An elastic element applicator is provided that is configured to move a section of a continuous strand of elastic element generally about a plane. A first web of material is conveyed in a first web moving direction such that the first web intersects the plane. Then, the applicator is operated to move the elastic element about the plane, thereby applying the section of elastic element onto the first web along a direction generally transverse to the web moving direction and such that the first web draws the continuous elastic strand from the elastic element applicator as the first web is conveyed away from the plane. The elastic element applicator may be in the form of a spin cylinder or bracket that is operated to spin the elastic element about the moving first web, thereby applying the elastic element on the first web.

Abstract: A building material having a durable exterior finish comprising a fiber cement substrate laminated with a fluorohydrocarbon protective film. The protective film provides the fiber cement substrate with resistance to weathering and maintains the surface texture of the underlying fiber cement substrate while providing an aesthetically pleasing and uniform pre-finish on the exterior surface. The protective film is bonded to the fiber cement substrate using an adhesive composition comprised of a one-component moisture cure polyurethane or polyurea adhesive composition having a reactive isocyanate compound or a two component polyurethane or polyurea composition.

Abstract: A cushion forming apparatus includes a frame with a pivoted hold down member and a pneumatic bladder below the hold down member. The bladder is alternately connectable with a source of pressure and to atmosphere through control valve. The components of a cushion sub-assembly are loaded onto the deflated bladder, the hold down member is lowered to the locked position, the bladder is inflated to force a cover around foam blocks and adjacent a base, the cover is attached to the side edges of the base, the bladder is deflated, the hold down member released and the assembled structure removed.

Abstract: A process for the reduction of the residual monomer content and enhancement of the wet strength of articles formed from water absorbent crosslinked polymer foams containing units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated acids, which comprises treating the formed articles with at least 0.5% by weight of a polymer containing primary and/or secondary amino groups and having a molar mass of at least 300, the formed foam articles thus obtainable and use of the wet strength enhanced formed foam articles in hygiene articles.

Abstract: The pressure element (7) is designed for gluing a bandlike covering (4) by means of an adhesive onto a narrow face (3) (edge) of straight or curved (profiled) cross section of a board element (2) or for gluing a film onto a profile bar having a surface of straight or profiled cross section. The pressure element (7) has an elastically deformable pressure face (30). High adhesive bonding strength and high surface quality are achieved in a simple, uncomplicated and cost-effective way by means of only a few pressure elements.

Abstract: A dunnage platform is in the general shape of a rectangular slab with legs extending form one side. The dunnage platform is made from an expanded polystyrene core. A chemical combination process is used to chemically combine portion of the core proximal to its surface with high impact polystyrene. In a first of two parts of the combination process, the core is placed in a forming mold with one of its two sides and two thirds of its thickness extending therefrom. A heated sheet of high impact polystyrene is brought into contact with the portion of the core extending from the mold. In a similar manner, the other of the two sides of the core is made to extend from the forming mold for contact with a heated sheet of high impact polystyrene.