Abstract: Methods for applying elastic bands to webs to form diapers includes extruding a thermoplastic rubber onto the web with the rubber self bonding or being secured by adhesive. The extruder head is movable to form elastic with a varying cross-section and to provide non-linear deposition patterns to provide a diaper with a close comfortable fit.

Abstract: Back pressure against a single-faced, corrugated web opposite of a flute tip glue applicator roll is provided by a transversely extending air bearing. Air bearing fluid flow is derived from an air distributor manifold that is secured for adjustable positionment relative to the web surface.

Abstract: A filter for separating constituent components of fluids includes a plural-layer sheet-like member which is multiply pleated to provide layers of the same or different porosity or to provide structural support layers for pleating a soft or membrane-like filter layer. The multiple layers may be pre-joined or delivered from individual locations to a pneumatic conveyor passage of predetermined cross-section through which the adjacent layers are conveyed by a conveyor gas. The layers are crimped to form pleats by withdrawing the material at a lower linear speed than that at which it is supplied to the passage. Pleating is facilitated by venting the conveyor gas at a passage section of enlarged cross-section. The pleating material is subjected to a hot gas, such as steam, and then cooled by a cooling gas to effect bonding of the layers in the pleated state.

Abstract: An aqueous starch-based corrugating adhesive containing casein, a carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymer latex and preferably glyoxal is used to adhere liner and medium substrates having normally abherent surfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a fibrous material product by advancing a mat of glass fibers arranged in laminations extending at least substantially parallel to opposite major surfaces of the mat along a gap extending between successive driven conveyors which engage the opposite major surfaces of the mat to control the advance of the mat along the gap, and driving the conveyors at progressively slower speeds along the gap so that the laminations are deformed in at least two separate stages into a reorientation in which at least a major portion of the laminations extend across the thickness of the mat. The resulting product has an improved compression strength.

Abstract: Proximity type sensors detect the passage of the flutes of a single face web at the inlet and outlet of a bridge. Separate counts are maintained of the number of flutes detected at the bridge inlet and outlet based on the outputs of the sensors. Data representative of the number of flutes per unit length of one or more single face webs is stored in memory. The appropriate data is selectively retrieved from memory and multiplied by the difference between the flute counts at the bridge inlet and outlet to obtain a signal representative of actual length of web on the bridge.

Abstract: A single facer corrugating machine having an elongated fluted roller, a series of fluted roll segments which cooperate with the fluted roller to form a corrugated paper medium, and a series of smooth surfaced pressure roll segments which cooperate with the fluted roller to facilitate application of a liner to the corrugated medium to yield a single faced corrugated paper product. Each of the roll segments is independently supported and can be independently positively located relative to the fluted roller. The roll segments can be nip loaded independently of one another, and each roll segment is independently position adjustable relative to the fluted roller to facilitate phase control across the width of the machine of roll interactions associated with corrugation formation and liner application to control and reduce overall machine noise and vibration.

Abstract: At a location between a single facer machine and a glue machine, a web of corrugated paperboard has the flutes crushed in a narrow zone longitudinally of the web. A bonding agent is applied only to the uncrushed flutes. Preprinted liners are applied to the bonding agent on the uncrushed flutes with the liners being spaced from one another by said narrow zone.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing multi-walled thermoplastic tubing in which the inner and outer tubing walls are continuously formed by extrusion one within the other, the inner tube being urged outwardly into pressing engagement with the outer tube, the mechanism for urging the inner tube outwardly into securement with the outer tube comprises a mandrel mounted coaxially with the die for extruding the inner tube and on the downstream side of it. The mandrel has an outer surface providing a tapered end portion positioned to receive the inner tube as it is extruded, and a generally cylindrical portion positioned to urge the inner tube into securement with the outer tube. To prevent sticking of the thermoplastic material to the mandrel, the outer surface of the mandrel is maintained at a temperature lower than the molding temperature and is transversely ribbed.

Abstract: A composite member is formed having improved strength and load carrying abilities by drawing a web of backing material toward a pair of primary rollers. A layer of transverse unidirectional filaments is laid down onto the backing web and a web of unidirectional filaments is drawn through the primary rollers simultaneously with the transverse layer and web of backing material. A resin is applied to the web of materials exiting the primary rollers and a second transverse layer of unidirectional filaments is laid onto the top of these materials to form a composite web. The composite web of materials is drawn to an oven where it is shaped and cured to produce the finished composite member. The finished member has a center ply of unidirectional filaments which is encapsulated by upper and lower transverse layers of unidirectional filaments. The transverse layers retain the shape of the unidirectional filaments, adding to the strength of the finished member.

Abstract: Multiple ply corrugated or solid fibre paperboard having any desired number of plies is made by adding to the delivery end of conventional corrugator or paster apparatus, between the cut-off section and the stacker section, a glue applicator system controlled, preferably by computer program, to apply glue only to the desired areas of those outfeeding paperboard sheets which are to be bonded together to form the desired multiple ply paperboard. The glued and unglued paperboard sheets proceed to the stacker section where they are stacked one upon another. The paperboard sheets having an interface of glue are bonded together to form the multiple ply end product and the paperboard sheets having no glue interface allow subsequent separation of the plurality of multiple ply corrugated paperboard end products in the stack. Offsetter mechanism is provided to offset corresponding margins of certain plies of a group before depositing them in the stacker, to form a splice joint.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for splicing together successive sections of single facer corrugated board having planar and corrugated fibrous layers, which sections are initially conveyed colinearly in spaced relation at uniform speed with the flutes extending in the direction of travel of the sections, characterized by the provision of a reciprocatory vacuum bar feed member operable initially to accelerate a subsequent section relative to a preceding section to a position in which a protruding layer portion at the trailing end of the preceding section is in superposed relation relative to a protruding layer portion at the leading end of the subsequent section, and subsequently to displace the section at the lower uniform speed at the moment at which the adjacent ends of the sections are in overlapping relation, whereupon the superposed portions may be bonded together to connect the sections to form a continuous web having longitudinally extending flutes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for attaching a continuously moving elastic ribbon to a continuously moving web such that only selected discrete areas of a finished conformable garment fabricated from the web are elasticized. The web is moved into engagement with a continuously moving first conveyor means having a plurality of spaced apart gaps in its surface and the first conveyor means travels along an inclined guide means toward a second conveyor means traveling opposite to and in the same direction as the first conveyor means. The second conveyor means carries a plurality of spaced apart web tucking means which are moved by the second conveyor means into registry with the gaps in the first conveyor means. As each of the web tuck means move in registry with the gaps, the web tuck means are inserted into the gaps to form tucks in the web due to the movement of the first conveyor means toward the second conveyor means.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for making a laminate which is used to form a corrugated outer shield (60) of a sheath system (50) for a lightguide fiber cable (20). A strip (81) of a corrosion-resistant metallic material having a relatively high elongation, an oxide surface layer (65) and a relatively coarse outer surface is preheated to a temperature within a predetermined range. Afterwards, a composite adhesive strip is brought into engagement with the metallic strip and moved between a pair of rollers (91--91) which are maintained at a first temperature and which causes the strips to be subjected to a predetermined pressure. Then the two strips are moved between another pair of rollers (97--97) which are at a second temperature greater than the first and which subject the strips to the predetermined pressure. The resulting laminate (61) is corrugated by a device (104) and formed into the outer shield (60) about an inner shield (51) which is made of a highly conductive metallic material.

Abstract: Insulating material is formed in a continuous strip and comprises a web of flexible impervious polymeric material in which individually spaced elongate pockets have been formed transversely across the elongate strip. Insulation material is located in the pockets which are covered by a sheet of impervious foil material, such as aluminium foil, which forms one outer surface of the completed web of insulating material. The foil is heat sealed to the polymeric material so that the insulation material in the pockets is totally encompassed by impervious material, thus minimizing deteriorization of the insulation properties of the insulation material. The insulation material can be foamed in the pockets or can take the form of powder or foam granules.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for elasticizing the leg areas of a conformable garment is disclosed in which a continuous length of web material is continuously fed onto a moving support surface. As the web is fed onto the support surface, oscillating means moves the web in alternating directions in the direction of movement of and opposite to the direction of movement of the web as a whole to form spaced apart relatively flat folds in the web. Continuous, moving elastic ribbon is applied and adhered to the web in a tensioned condition across the folds, the folds are at least partially opened and the elastic is severed opposite the partially opened folds to provide discrete elastic strips attached at desired locations to the web.

Abstract: An aqueous starch-based adhesive comprising: (a) water; (b) corn starch or wheat starch; (c) a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex; (d) a thickener; and (e) a crosslinking agent. The thickener and cross-linking agent are collectively present as a minor component. A preferred thickener is a mixture of hydroxyethylcellulose and ammonia and the preferred crosslinking agent is a mixture of a ureaformaldehyde resin and glyoxal. The adhesive has a solids content of between about 35 and about 50 weight percent and pH ranging from about 4.5 to 7.0. The aqueous adhesive can be used to provide corrugated paperboard at rates ranging from 300 to 550 linear feet/minute and has a stable pot life of up to one week. It results in little or no corrosion to corrugating equipment and can be used in the same application and storage systems with conventional starch adhesives. Preparation of the adhesive is simplified because it need not be heated.

Abstract: A method of preparing cells for the purpose of enabling one fluid to be affected by another fluid via thin membranes of inorganic artificial fibres, which membranes are corrugated all over or in part and caused to bear upon each other along discrete lines of contact so as to form through passages or compartments for the fluids. The cell is constructed of membranes of artificial fibres which have a filament diameter of at least 3 and at most 20 micrometers and are elastic. The fibres are loosely matted so that when the spaces between the fibres in the assembled cell have been filled with a fine powder which is bound with an inorganic binder the powder forms a load-bearing layer which is cohesive throughout the surface extension of the membrane and through its cross-section and in which the fibres act as reinforcement.

Abstract: The production of waterproof corrugated paperboard is improved by employing a Stein-Hall type adhesive containing 1.75-5 times the conventional amount of waterproofing resin, and applying the adhesive at about 1/2 to 3/4 the usual rate within 30 minutes after the addition of the resin thereto.

Abstract: A method for mounting elastic strips onto a web of material for making dirs or the like, includes the steps of gathering-up the web of material, i.e., it is shortened by forming a multiplicity of fine transverse folds thereon, and mounting unstretched elastic strips in discrete sections onto the edge areas of the gathered-up web of material. A device for carrying out the method is also provided which includes a drum having a toothed gear-like surface, an embossing roller having a toothed gear-like surface which is in camming engagement with the drum, a device for holding and guiding the gathered-up web of material on the drum and a station for mounting elastic strips in discrete sections onto the edge areas of the web of material which is held and guided on the drum.

Abstract: A web is placed on a grooved cylinder, folded by pressing it into the cylinder grooves, and attached to a backing sheet to form a pile fabric. Folding is performed by rollers with blades which enter and move along the length of the grooves. The rollers are guided precisely by guide members on their opposite axial sides. To prevent the rollers from pushing the textile material across the grooved cylinder surface, the rollers are rotated independently of their contact with the web.

Abstract: The present invention is an improved method of manufacturing fibrous reinforced resin sheet. The improvement is to use a carrier web and/or a top film which is made of uniaxially drawn polyamide.

Abstract: A reinforced corrugated laminate and the method and apparatus for the manufacture thereof which includes forming a corrugated layer with reinforcing wire elements with at least certain of the wire elements being positioned normal to the corrugations and applying planar webs to one or both sides thereof by adhering them to the crest portions of the corrugated layer and combining the planar and corrugated structures with cushioning and resilent foam materials.

Abstract: A reinforced laminate and the method and apparatus for the manufacture thereof which includes the embedding of reinforcing wire elements in plastic layers and plastic laminates to provide reinforced structures, producing a reinforced corrugated laminate including a corrugated layer with plastic layers applied to one or both sides thereof, producing a wire grid, corrugating the grid and applying overlying plastic layers and combining the planar and corrugated structures with cushioning and resilient foam materials.

Abstract: In a single-face corrugator of the type in which the corrugated paper is held by suction against the lower corrugated cylinder, the latter includes, outside its inner chamber filled with saturated heating vapor, separate longitudinal channels in the peripheral body of the cylinder. Each channel is connected to the exterior via axial channels and elongate grooves machined in the periphery of the cylinder, and can be connected to a suction apparatus via two hollow and sealed circular arcuate sectors bearing on the part of the face of the cylinder associated with the holding region on the latter. The grooves are staggered and machined in circumferential portions of the periphery of the cylinder so as to extend over several corrugations thereof. An additional blowing sector permits detachment of the corrugated paper.

Abstract: A method for producing corrugated board utilizes a glue applying means constructed with an elongated shoe floatingly mounted alongside of and urged toward a glue applicator roll by a fluid controlled biasing means. A longitudinally extending depression in the shoe is substantially closed by the glue roll to define a glue cavity to which glue is fed by a positive displacement pump. The shoe is mounted so that the downstream end of the shoe is movable away from the glue roll automatically as required to permit glue to exit from the cavity at the same rate it is supplied thereto. This provides what is effectively a self-adjusting nozzle or fluid distribution slot extending the full length of the shoe and through which glue is forced from the cavity to form a thin layer of uniform thickness on the outside of the glue roll. The latter applies such thin layer of glue directly to the flute tip of a corrugated web for joining a liner web to the corrugated web.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the correct timing of lot changing in a corrugator. The sum of a finished extent, which is the product of a specified cut length and the number of cut pieces excluding rejected cut pieces, and the residual quantity of a single-faced or double-faced corrugated board on the production line is subtracted from a lot size or length which is the product of the specified cut length and a specified number of cut pieces, to obtain a residual lot length, and this computation is successively performed at predetermined time intervals. The amount of raw material board fed is successively subtracted from the residual lot length, so that when the difference is reduced to zero, it is an indication of the desired lot changing timing.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a web of a corrugating medium is supplied to heated corrugating rolls to which a water mist carrying a solid lubricant as a release agent has been applied evenly over the roller, a first linerboard is glued to one side of the corrugated medium, a second linerboard is passed over a preheating roller to which a solid lubricant is applied via a water suspension sprayed on the preheating roller, the second linerboard is glued to the single faced corrugated board and the resulting double faced corrugated paperboard is passed over a hot plate section while subjected to pressure from a belt and weight roller assembly from above the hot plate.

Abstract: This method is a method producing double-faced corrugated boards which includes methods for changing single-faced corrugated boards. The methods comprise the steps of cutting a single-faced corrugated board which is fed from a single facer onto a bridge and delivered from the bridge into a double facer at said bridge or before it; and splicing the tailing edge of the board with the leading edge of another single-faced corrugated board which is fed from another single facer onto said bridge.

Abstract: A reinforcement seal and tear tape or line is produced by a method wherein selected fibrous yarn is passed into a bath of hot-melt adhesive maintained at a desired temperature. The yarn is spread laterally and tensioned within the bath to cause the adhesive to penetrate and surround the fibrous yarn. The adhesive adhered to the yarn is extruded within the bath to controllably reduce the amount and cross-sectional shape of the adhesive coating on the yarn by contact with rollers, one of which is submerged in the adhesive bath or a die partly submerged in the adhesive bath. The yarn with an extruded adhesive coating thereon is then cooled by passing through a refrigerated cooling chamber after which the adhesive coating is formed into a desired shape by contact with a chilled-forming surface of superimposed rollers. Reels are then used to coil the coated yarn into spools.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing permanent pipe sections in a foam-backed material that utilizes two rotating members which cooperate to form alternate ridges and valleys in the material after which the valley portions are bonded to a backing sheet so as to maintain the pipe sections in the material.

Abstract: A paper web is passed between a pair of first and second corrugating rolls to form corrugations therein. The second corrugating roll is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced annular suction grooves in communication with a suction device from which subatmospheric pressure is applied through the annular suction grooves to the corrugated web, while it is travelling around the second corrugating roll, retaining the corrugations in the flutes of the roll.

Abstract: A paperboard web is severed transversely between the double facer machine and the slitter-scorer after the completion of a production order. The speed of the double facer machine is maintained constant while the severed web section is accelerated to a speed substantially above the speed of the double facer machine to create a gap. Adjustments to one or more of the slitter-scorer and cut-off for the next production order are made while the same are in the gap. Sheets cut from the web section are shingled on a shingling conveyor. The speed of the shingling conveyor is accelerated prior to the arrival of the last sheet of the web section and decelerated while the gap is on the shingling conveyor.

Abstract: A core usable as a rotor in humidity exchangers and heat exchangers is disclosed.The core is comprised of alternate layers of flat and corrugated sheet material so arranged that the corrugations form with the flat layers a plurality of fine channels running substantially parallel to each other and axially to the center of the core. The corrugated layers in the axial direction extend at least at one end face of the core beyond the flat layers and the extending corrugated edges are reinforced. A method and apparatus for forming the core is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tube settler improves separation performance by dividing flow path of a fluid to be treated into a multiplicity of tubular passages to achieve fluid stream commutation and to reduce the distance which a suspended particle has to fall increasing a settling area. A critical upward-flow rate for avoiding obstructions to precipitation of the suspended particle without turbulence depends on the cross-sectional configuration of the tubular passage. A tubular passage of triangular, circular, hexagonal or rhombic configuration is disadvantageous because the height or distance from top to bottom differs from part to part across the vertical section of the passage.This invention provides a tube settler or multitube separator having a tube-nest assembly for passing the fluid to be treated therethrough. And, inclined tubular passages of the tube settler are an approximate boomerang cross-section.

Abstract: Each corrugating roll on a single facer machine is separately driven at substantially the same speed without the corrugating rolls being geared directly together and without transmitting driving torque through mating flutes on the rolls whereby the rolls may corrugate a web passing therebetween with minimal tension of the web.

Abstract: An improved method of and machine for making a bulk container. The container has a main body which is strengthened as compared to at least the container top or bottom by at least one additional material layers, those material layers comprising in combination a single face liner and attached fluting medium. The variable layer construction being accomplished by machine combination of material layers of different cross-machine dimension. The method of this variable dimension multi-layer combination encompasses a single lamination step of the several material layers to provide a strengthened bulk container blank and therefrom the improved container of this invention.

Abstract: A speed control system is provided for apparatus and process for shaping and treating web material of indefinite length wherein the apparatus includes a master processing unit, one or more slave processing units communicating with the master unit through web storage or buffer means and a computer. Information as to the desired speed and mode of operation of the master unit and the mode of operation of the slave units is inputted to the computer which communicates with the drive motors of the master and slave units through special buffered isolated amplifiers and automatically controls the speed of the slave units so as to maintain the desired quantity of partially processed web material in the web storage means and to maintain the selected operating speed of the master unit.

Abstract: The plate-like structure is formed of glass filaments and a solid ceramic skin which envelopes the glass filaments to form a skeleton-like supporting structure. The glass filaments are also fused to each other at intersecting points to impart stability to the structure.The method of making the structure includes the steps of forming a coating of a ceramic substance which is capable of being fired on a flat structure of glass filaments. Subsequently, the coated structure is fired at a temperature in a range from 600.degree. C. to 1500.degree. C. to form a solid skin of the ceramic substance while causing the glass filaments to fuse together at the intersecting points of contact.Packings for material and heat exchange processes can be made from the plate-like structures.

Abstract: A flexible, collapsible blood bag which defines an access port at one end thereof. The blood bag contains cellophane film of sufficient area to process blood or plasma placed in the bag, so that reinfusion of the blood to a normal donor, after an appropriate residence time in the bag, causes a transient increase in the neutrophil count of the donor's blood. The cellophane film in the bag is folded in an ordered manner, to define generally parallel flow channels having ends positioned adjacent the access port. A screen member may be positioned between the cellophane film and the access port to prevent blocking thereof by the cellophane film. Also, the cellophane film may define a large plurality of raised surface portions, relative to the normal plane of the film, to facilitate the spacing of adjacent, folded layers of the film from each other. This facilitates the definition of the flow channels for blood distribution throughout the cellophane film.

Abstract: Improved method for corrugating paperboard, wherein a web of a corrugating medium is treated with a solid lubricant for a release agent and supplied to heated corrugating rolls to which a water mist has been applied evenly over the rolls. The web is shaped between the rolls by the application of pressure from the rolls and steam formed from the water spray. The availability of steam at the nip of the corrugating rolls provides improved flute formation and the solid lubricant allows the corrugated paperboard to release from the corrugating rolls without damage to the flutes. Standard corrugating equipment is enabled to operate at higher production rates and to accept lower quality paper for corrugating. Equipment is provided to maintain a supply of solid lubricant in a water suspension for application to the paperboard, preferably via a water spray directed on the corrugating rolls.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a water resistant adhesive composition for use in the manufacture of corrugated board and its preparation. The adhesive is prepared by using a thin boiling or modified waxy variety starch of a fluidity of at least 25 as a component in the gelatinized carrier portion of the adhesive. This produces a high solids carrier which results in a final adhesive of good stability whose use enables corrugated board to be produced at faster than normal rates. This adhesive is particularly useful to increase production rates of heavy weight and multiwall board.

Abstract: A method for the continuous manufacture of an undulating or corrugated longitudinal material in which a strip is projected longitudinally in the form of transverse folds between two longitudinal walls defining a passage or corridor having a height exceeding the thickness of the strip, a longitudinal displacement of said walls being caused in the direction of projection of the strip at a speed lower than the linear projection speed and decreasing in the direction of movement, in such a manner as to cause the packing or bunching of the folds inside the passage or corridor along the length of the material.

Abstract: An improved corrugated carboard sheet and a method for producing corrugated cardboard sheets of the type which utilize paper at least for either of the core sheet or the liner sheets, including feeding and shaping the core sheet into the desired corrugated configuration by using corrugating rolls, applying as the adhesive a film of a molten thermoplastic polymer to a face of the corrugated sheet, and pressing a liner sheet against the face of the core sheet covered with adhesive.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising an edible web having deposited thereon or at least partially thereon a particulate medicament, the webs being thereafter fabricated and finished to pharmaceutically elegant solid dosage forms having no medicament exposed on an exterior surface. The dosage forms have a consistency of release of medicament which can be controlled to exacting specifications. The disclosed solid dosage forms are prepared by high speed automated equipment and the process by which they are made is characterized by non-destructive quality control analysis and performance evaluation both conducted on-line and integrated into the manufacturing operation. Inclued in the scope of the disclosed invention are certain apparatus and methods of manufacture.

Abstract: An open-loop method and apparatus for controlling the heating of webs utilized in a corrugating machine for the production of double-face corrugated paperboard as a function of at least one production factor of the corrugator machine. A rotatably journaled heating roll receives a web in contact with a circumferential area of the roll and the circumferential area of contact between the web and the roll is varied by a control circuit. The control circuit varies the contact area by positioning a positionable means relative to the heating roll in response to at least one production factor of the corrugating machine. The control circuit senses the at least one production factor of the machine and generates a signal related to the sensed production factor. The generated production factor related signal is periodically sampled and is stored at a first time.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a bilayered green ceramic tape having a corrugated first layer and a substantially flat second layer bonded thereto. The method comprises the steps of supplying a flat pliable first layer of green ceramic material, forming said flat first layer to a shape having a corrugated cross section, and bonding a flat second layer to one side of the corrugated layer.

Abstract: Corrugated board is formed by heating the plastic coated bonding surface of a liner web to a plasticizing temperature against the Teflon coated surface of a rotating heating drum and, while plasticized, fused against the flute crests of a corrugated medium web. The fusion bonded joints are set in the nip of a chilled pressure roll for stripping of the board unit from the corrugating roll surface. Speed of the single-face unit is primarily controlled as a function of the magnitude of angular wrap of the liner web about the heating drum. Temperature of the bonding surface of the liner web is sensed upon removal from the heating drum for the purpose of speed trim adjustment.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an adhesive composition for use in the manufacture of corrugated board and its preparation. The adhesive is prepared by using a thin boiling or modified waxy variety starch of fluidity of 25 or greater as a component in the gelatinized carrier portion of the adhesive. This produces a high solids carrier which results in a final adhesive of good stability whose use enables corrugated board to be produced at faster than normal rates. This adhesive is particularly useful to increase production rates of heavy weight and multiwall board.

Abstract: In a corrugated board machine, the stripper finger relief grooves of an adhesive applicator roll may be quickly meshed with corresponding fingers when the applicator roll is to be returned to operating position by use of a manually manipulated alignment guide which confines the fingers laterally to the correct spatial alignment with corresponding grooves.