Abstract: A combination wristband and label form. The front side has a first portion having a plurality of labels die cut therein and a second portion having a void. A back side of the form comprises a polyester section. The form includes a single-ply wristband defined by die cuts in the polyester section. The single-ply wristband has a foldable portion comprising a first panel and a second panel. The first panel is configured to accept printed indicia. A strap extends laterally from the first panel in a first direction and a tab extends from the second panel in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The tab is configured to be adhesively adhered to the strap to secure the single-ply wristband around a person's appendage. The single-ply wristband is of unitary construction and is devoid of paper.

Abstract: A method for configuring a sensor tag may include providing a flexible substrate layer comprising a thin film of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU); depositing a sensor inlay on the flexible substrate layer; and applying a protective coating over the sensor inlay encapsulating the sensor inlay between the flexible substrate layer and the protective coating.

Abstract: An attachment structure includes a main body and a first adhesive layer. The main body has an upper side as a first side and a lower side as a second side. The first adhesive layer is selectively disposed on one of the first and second sides. The first adhesive layer has multiple first passages. The first passages divide the first adhesive layer into multiple first adhesive blocks. By means of the first passages of the first adhesive layer, when the main body is attached to another unit, the main body can be more easily and tightly attached to the unit without producing any void or blister.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a label laminate. The method includes forming at least one water based adhesive layer on a belt, drying said at least one water based adhesive layer on the belt, unwinding a first material layer, unwinding a second material layer, attaching said at least one dried water based adhesive layer to the surface of the first material layer, and laminating the first material layer comprising at least one water based adhesive layer together with the second material layer in order to form the label laminate. The invention also relates to a label laminate and to a system for manufacturing a label laminate.

Abstract: A welding process of an inflatable product is provided that includes using isolating members between first and second portions of weldable tensioning members to resist the first and second portions of the weldable tensioning structures being welded together during welding of the first portions to a first sheet of weldable material and welding of the second portions to a second sheet of weldable material.

Abstract: A method for making labels comprising providing a plastic substrate layer and a paper substrate layer. The paper substrate layer comprises a printed display information sheet, wherein the printed display information sheet comprises a plurality of display information tags arranged in an array. The plastic substrate layer is coupled to each of the rows of display information tags within a first portion of the display information tags to form a composite substrate row. A first line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more first spaced intervals, a length of the first spaced intervals being defined by a length of the display information tags. A a second line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more second spaced intervals, a length of the second spaced intervals being defined by a height of the display information tags.

Abstract: A combination wristband and label form has a front sheet with a bottom portion having a plurality of labels die cut therein, and a top portion having an indicia-receiving area defined therein. A back sheet of the form has a bottom portion having a release liner, and a top portion having a wristband die cut therein and separable therefrom. The wristband includes first and second arm portions extending in opposite directions from a central portion having a top half and a bottom half. The first and second arm portions have first and second lateral ends with adhesive areas adjacent thereto. A perimeter is defined between an edge defining the top half of the central portion and the indicia-receiving area. Adhesive is provided adjacent at the perimeter. Further, adhesive is provided adjacent the bottom half of the central portion.

Abstract: A balloon catheter is described having a reinforced, co-axial, duel lumen design. In some embodiments, the balloon catheter includes a purging mechanism designed to purge air from the balloon.

Abstract: A method for making labels comprising providing a plastic substrate layer and a paper substrate layer. The paper substrate layer comprises a printed display information sheet, wherein the printed display information sheet comprises a plurality of display information tags arranged in an array. The plastic substrate layer is coupled to each of the rows of display information tags within a first portion of the display information tags to form a composite substrate row. A first line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more first spaced intervals, a length of the first spaced intervals being defined by a length of the display information tags. A a second line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more second spaced intervals, a length of the second spaced intervals being defined by a height of the display information tags.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring a semiconductor device comprises platform comprising a carrier; a positioning unit above the platform and comprising an opening; and an elevating unit connecting the platform and the positioning unit; and a heater.

Abstract: A heat exchanger and methods of manufacturing and assembling a heat exchanger, and more particularly to an air-flow heat exchanger having a mechanically assembled header for use in a motor vehicle. The heat exchanger comprises an all-metal bonded matrix including a plurality of substantially parallel metallic tubes and a plurality of metallic fins. The tubes have a heat transfer portion that is elongate in cross-sectional shape, and which comprises two opposing, longer sides, and two opposing shorter sides. At least one of the tubes is mechanically joined at a first end portion thereof to a first header of the heat exchanger by at least one compliant member. The compliant member extends around the first end portion of the tube to provide a seal and to permit relative movement between the mechanically joined tube and the first header due to thermal expansion and contraction of the matrix.

Abstract: A method of reinforcing a fiber reinforced resin matrix composite structure, the method including: providing a composite structure having one or more holes formed therein, and feeding a reinforcement rod through a passageway having one or more walls defining an inlet to the passageway. The inlet to the passageway is dimensioned to prevent a rod having a maximum cross sectional dimension greater than a predetermined dimension from passing through the passageway. In the event of the rod impacting the wall defining the inlet to the passageway, operation of the rig is stopped. In the event of the rod passing through the passageway without impacting the wall defining the inlet to the passageway, a portion of the rod is inserted into a hole in a composite structure.

Abstract: A method for making labels comprising providing a plastic substrate layer and a paper substrate layer. The paper substrate layer comprises a printed display information sheet, wherein the printed display information sheet comprises a plurality of display information tags arranged in an array. The plastic substrate layer is coupled to each of the rows of display information tags within a first portion of the display information tags to form a composite substrate row. A first line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more first spaced intervals, a length of the first spaced intervals being defined by a length of the display information tags. A second line of perforations is cut into a width of the composite substrate at one or more second spaced intervals, a length of the second spaced intervals being defined by a height of the display information tags.

Abstract: A combination wristband and label form has a first sheet and a backing. The first sheet has a top portion with a plurality of die cut labels, and each of the labels is removable from the form. The first sheet also has a bottom portion comprising a release liner having a release material. The backing has a top portion with a release liner having a release material and a bottom portion having wristband configured to receive an indicia. The wristband is separable from the form and is formed of a single ply of water-resistant and tamper-resistant material. The wristband has a first lateral end and a second lateral end extending outwardly from a central portion, and a fraction of the central portion is a label die cut into the first sheet top portion. The first lateral end has an adhesive area and the second lateral end has perforations without adhesive.

Abstract: An article includes a cushioning assembly which has a first bladder element forming a first fluid chamber, and a second bladder element within the first bladder element and forming a second fluid chamber sealed from and within the first fluid chamber. The first bladder element includes an inner surface having a first feature. The second bladder element includes an outer surface having a second feature. The first feature interfits with the second feature such that a first area of the inner surface of the first bladder element is aligned with a first area of the outer surface of the second bladder element at a bonded interface. The second bladder element is exposed to the first fluid chamber away from the bonded interface. A method of manufacturing the article includes interfitting the first feature with the second feature and bonding at the bonded interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for welding a 3D bellows. The method includes: repeatedly laminating a unit cell material, a second adhesion-preventing film, a different unit cell material, and a first adhesion-preventing film; forming ventilation holes on the unit cell materials by pressing a hole-processing cutter on which a hole-circumference welding heater is installed onto the laminated unit cell materials and the first adhesion-preventing films, and then heating the circumference of the ventilation holes; finishing two sides of the unit cells by positioning, on two outermost surfaces of the laminated unit cell materials, a first finishing unit cell material and a second finishing unit cell material provided with an air injection port; and cutting the first finishing unit cell material, the unit cell materials, and the second finishing unit cell material and heating the periphery of the cut area by pressing a contour-processing cutter.

Abstract: Disclosed are a drive wheel bearing and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention relates to a multilayer (or laminate) film, that can be used in the field of flexible wrapping, comprising at least 2 thin layers of material bonded together by a layer of an adhesive composition based on a styrene block copolymer. It also relates to a lamination process suitable for the manufacture of said film.

Abstract: An insulating tape having a mica layer, a reinforcing layer having a filler and a fiber reinforcing material laminated on the mica layer, and a cellulose derivative layer laminated on the reinforcing layer is provided. One or more hydroxyl groups in the glucose units of the cellulose derivative are substituted with a functional group such as —CH2CH2OH or —(CH2CH2O)pH (where p is any repeating number up to 50). The weight per unit area of the mica ranges from 100 g/m2 to 200 g/m2. The filler has a maximum particle size of 100 ?m or smaller and a weight per unit area ranging from 10 g/m2 to 50 g/m2. The insulating tape is useful to form a stator coil insulating layer with high thermal conductivity, with no outflow of a filler to the exterior during production of the stator coil, and with enhanced bonding strength.

Abstract: Many garments made of denim material have factory created one or more discontinuities exposing a group of parallel threads and referred to as “distressed denim”. Sometimes, some or all of these threads become torn or rips or tears occur in the denim garment to create a discontinuity. A patch to cover the discontinuity is made of a plurality of side by side threads attached to one side of an adhesive panel and fabric material is attached to the other side of the adhesive panel. A plurality of adhesive strips essentially circumscribing the discontinuity adhere the patch to the rear side of the denim material and expose the threads through the discontinuity.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, includes: temporarily connecting light emitting elements to a wiring layer through connection members, the wiring layer being formed on a mounting board provided with reflectors; contacting a pressing surface of a press-bonding jig with upper surfaces of the light emitting elements and pressing the light emitting elements toward the mounting board while being heated at the same time to deform the connection members and to contact the pressing surface with tops of the reflectors; and connecting the light emitting elements to the wiring layer in a flip chip manner, wherein when the light emitting elements are temporarily connected to the wiring layer, a sum of height of a light emitting element of the light emitting elements and a connection member of the connection members is set to be larger than a height of a reflector of the reflectors.

Abstract: An inflatable panel for use as an inflatable airfoil in aerodynamic fairing assemblies that uses a blower that provides a continuous airflow to the inflated panel to maintain it in the deployed position. The inflatable panel is constructed from sheets of PVC vinyl that are cut, assembled and sewn together. The sewn seams act as an air vent that allow air to bleed from the panel, thereby eliminate the need for a separate air vent to bleed off the continuous airflow from the blower. The inflatable panel includes a blower port with an internal vent end designed to prevent the port from becoming obstructed by the body of the panel collapsing on itself as the panel deflates. The inflatable panel also includes a retraction unit oriented so that the internal cable not only retracts the deflating panel uniformly into the panel housing but also laterally urges the panel slightly in one direction to ensure that the deflating panel does not splay outward creating a road hazard.

Abstract: A temporary bonding laminate for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices and a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices are provided. A member to be processed (a semiconductor wafer or the like) can be temporarily supported securely and readily during a mechanical or chemical process of the member, and then the processed member can be readily released from the temporary support without damaging the processed member even after a high temperature process. The laminate includes: (A) a release layer and (B) an adhesive layer. The release layer contains (a1) a compound being liquid at 25° C. and having a 5% mass reduction temperature of 250° C. or more when measured in a nitrogen gas stream under heating conditions of a constant heating rate of 20° C./min; and (a2) a binder having a 5% mass reduction temperature of 250° C. or more when measured under the same conditions.

Abstract: A release layer formed over a substrate; at least one of thin film integrated circuits is formed over the release layer; a film is formed over each of the at least one of thin film integrated circuits; and the release layer is removed by using an etchant; thus, the at least one of thin film integrated circuits is peeled from the substrate. A semiconductor device is formed by sealing the peeled thin film integrated circuit by lamination or the like.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an insulation film includes: coating a resin composite on a lower protective film, the resin composite including an inorganic filler dispersed therein; forming an insulating layer by drying the resin composite such that the inorganic filler is precipitated in the coated resin composite; and laminating an upper protective film on the insulating layer.

Abstract: A hand-held device for authenticating a marking on an object, said marking exhibiting a viewing-angle dependent light reflection spectrum. The device includes an imager for receiving light from said object and generating image data that include spectrum information, a marking detector for detecting marking image data associated with said marking in said image data, a parameter evaluator for determining a value of a predetermined spectrum parameter based on spectrum information of at least a part of said marking image data, an angle estimator for determining a value of a viewing angle between said imager and said marking associated with a determined value of said spectrum parameter, and an authenticator arranged for making an authentication decision based on at least two spectrum parameter values and their associated viewing angle values.

Abstract: A dicing sheet with a protective film forming layer has a substrate film, an adhesive layer, and a protective film forming layer, and at a minimum, the adhesive layer is formed in an area surrounding the protective film forming layer in a planar view, and the substrate film has the following characteristics (a)-(c): (a) the melting point either exceeds 130° C. or the film has no melting point; (b) the thermal contraction rate under conditions of heating at 130° C. for two hours is from ?5 to +5%, and (c) the degree of elongation-to-break in the MD direction and the CD direction is at least 100%, and the stress at 25% is no more than 100 MPa.

Abstract: A membrane device is intended for the release of volatile compositions. The membrane device includes one or more membrane layers which are permeable to the volatile composition and which are positioned within a vapor impermeable package such as package formed by an upper and lower vapor impermeable panel. The upper vapor impermeable panel includes a window that allows access to the membrane layer for activation of the membrane device. The membrane device can also include decorative portions for aesthetic appeal.

Abstract: A rigid-flexible printed circuit board (PCB) a method for manufacturing the rigid-flexible PCB, and a PCB module having the rigid-flexible PCB are provided. The rigid-flexible printed circuit board (PCB) defines a first area, a second area, and a third area connected in the described order. The rigid-flexible PCB includes a first flexible PCB, a second flexible PCB adhered with the first flexible PCB through a bonding sheet in the third area, and, a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer formed on opposite side of the rigid-flexible PCB in the first area and the third area. The first flexible PCB is apart from the second flexible PCB in the first area and the second area.

Abstract: A blank configured to form a package is provided. The blank may include a bottom panel, a top panel, and an overlapping panel having an edge region and an adjoining region positioned between the edge region and the top panel. The adjoining region of the overlapping panel overlaps and attaches to the bottom panel to form a compartment when formed into a package. The compartment may be employed to store a consumable product, such as cartridges for an aerosol delivery device. A related method for forming the blank into the package is also provided.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a biocompatible hermetic housing including electrical feedthroughs, the method comprises providing a ceramic sheet having an upper surface and a lower surface, forming at least one via hole in said ceramic sheet extending from said upper surface to said lower surface, inserting a conductive thick film paste into said via hole, laminating the ceramic sheet with paste filled via hole between an upper ceramic sheet and a lower ceramic sheet to form a laminated ceramic substrate, firing the laminated ceramic substrate to a temperature to sinter the laminated ceramic substrate and cause the paste filled via hole to form metalized via and cause the laminated ceramic substrate to form a hermetic seal around said metalized via, and removing the upper ceramic sheet and the lower ceramic sheet material from the fired laminated ceramic substrate to expose an upper and a lower surface of the metalized via.

Abstract: Provided is temporary bonding laminates for used in a manufacture of semiconductor devices, by which a member to be processed can be temporarily supported securely and readily during a mechanical or chemical process of the member to be processed and then the processed member can be readily released from the temporary support without damaging the processed member even after a high temperature process, and processes for manufacturing semiconductor devices. The temporary bonding laminate includes comprising (A) a release layer and (B) an adhesive layer wherein the release layer (A) comprises (a1) a resin 1 having a softening point of 200° C. or more and (a2) a resin 2; the resin 2 after curing has capable of being dissolved at 5% by mass or more, at 25° C., in at least one of solvents selected from hexane and the like.

Abstract: Provided is temporary bonding laminates for used in a manufacture of semiconductor devices, by which a member to be processed (a semiconductor wafer or the like) can be temporarily supported securely and readily during a mechanical or chemical process of the member to be processed and then the processed member can be readily released from the temporary support without damaging the processed member even after a high temperature process, and processes for manufacturing semiconductor devices. The temporary bonding laminate includes (A) a release layer and (B) an adhesive layer, wherein the release layer (A) comprises (a1) a first release layer having a softening point of 200° C. or more and adjoining the adhesive layer (B), and (a2) a second release layer adjoining the first release layer (a1); the second release layer (a2) contains a resin; and the resin after curing has a capable of being dissolved at 5% by mass or more, at 25° C., in at least one kind of solvents selected from hexane and the like.

Abstract: An illustrative apparatus includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a first adhesive-receiving face. The first adhesive-receiving face includes a first adhesive-coated region and a first release region. The first substrate also includes a first print receiving face opposite the first adhesive-receiving face. The second substrate includes a second adhesive-receiving face. The second adhesive-receiving face includes a second adhesive-coated region and a second release region. The second substrate also includes a second print receiving face opposite the second adhesive-receiving face. The first adhesive-coated region is releasably adhered the second release region and the second adhesive-coated region is releasably adhered to the first release region.

Abstract: A multilayer wiring substrate includes a multilayer body in which a plurality of insulating layers is stacked and to which an electronic component is mounted, a plurality of connection terminals disposed on one principal surface of the multilayer body for connection to the electronic component, and a plurality of rear electrodes disposed on the other principal surface of the multilayer body, wherein the connection terminals are each arranged in overlapped relation to one of the rear electrodes when looked at in a plan view of the multilayer wiring substrate.

Abstract: A recording sheet is produced by coating and drying on a support formed of a thermoplastic resin film a coating solution containing an olefin copolymer emulsion having a solid content of 100 parts by mass and a silane coupling agent having a solid content of from 2 to 14 parts by mass to form a surface treatment layer having a solid content of from 0.1 to 5 g/m2. The recording sheet has high adhesion property between the support layer and the surface treatment layer, is capable of being subjected to various kinds of printing including offset printing and flexographic printing, and particularly has excellent adhesion property between the surface treatment layer and the toner to prevent the toner from being dropped off even in the case where the recording sheet is subjected to an electrophotographic recording printing process using a liquid toner.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of identifying media, such as a label or decal, that includes the deposition of suitable layers, and where each of the layers can be individually and sequentially formed with a three dimensional printing apparatus in communication with a computer assist device.

Abstract: An automatic product sublimation process is disclosed allowing for point-of-sale customization of sublimation parameters in a retail environment. A dye sublimation transfer printing system is configured to print one or more images onto transfer media, then position the media onto a substrate. A selected product is positioned on top of the media. The system is configured to automatically determine, by a processor, one or more of a temperature and duration of a single thermal cycle to sublimate the one or more images onto the selected product. The determination may be based on properties of the product, characteristics of the images, or both. One or more heating platens engage the transfer media to sublimate the product in a single thermal cycle, wherein at least one of the cycle's temperature and duration match the determined values. The disclosed process improves the quality of the sublimation technique, yet requires no substantive operator training.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film of the invention comprises an optical film and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer provided on the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness (?m) standard deviation of 0.12 ?m or less. The pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film makes it possible to reduce the problem of visible unevenness caused by a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.

Abstract: An adherend surface of an adherend is stuck with a protection sheet being in substantially the same shape as the adherend surface and including base and adhesive layer by a method including: sticking the sheet on a first surface of a sticking tool foldable along a symmetry-axis position of the sheet; folding the tool with the sheet such that a second surface opposite to the first surface comes inside; peeling the sheet to a folded portion of the tool to expose a portion of the adhesive layer with the tool folded; pressing the exposed portion of the adhesive layer against the adherend surface to stick a portion of the sheet on the adherend; and moving the tool along the adherend surface to expose a remaining portion of the adhesive layer and pressing the remaining portion against the adherend surface to stick a remaining portion of the sheet on the adherend.

Abstract: Plastic films are prevented from being peeled off from each other at a joining portion. A composite film has superposed external and internal films and is superposed with an additional body. The films and the body are joined with each other to form a first joining portion between the films, and a second joining portion between the internal film and the body. The first joining portion has a first joining width and includes first outer and inner edges. The second joining portion has a second joining width and includes second outer and inner edges. The first or second joining width is adjusted such that the first joining width is less than the second joining width, with the first inner edge formed outwardly of the second inner edge.

Abstract: Techniques and mechanisms for providing a tunable RF resonator device. In an embodiment, a patterned layer of an adhesive material is disposed on a side of a panel comprising a substrate and a metal layer. A membrane is aligned between the panel and another panel. A laminate is formed with the first panel, the second panel and the membrane, where an intermediate layer of the laminate includes a first portion comprising a liquid crystal channel, and a second portion comprising adhesive material disposed in interstices of the membrane. In another embodiment, the second portion forms at least part of a boundary to the liquid crystal channel.

Abstract: An embodiment of the inventive method of transfer lamination bonding a first metallized side of a film to a substrate. Then a breakaway coating is applied to a second, non-metallized side of the film after the first metallized side has been bonded to the substrate. The bonded film and substrate are then placed in an oven. The film is then stripped from the substrate leaving metal from the film deposited on the substrate. The application of the breakaway coating is performed as an inline part of the transfer lamination process thereby providing an ease of manufacture presently unknown.

Abstract: A method produces adhesive tapes which are adhesive at least on one side, wherein an adhesive tape web, in which the at least one adhesive side is covered by a first liner, is guided into a cutting device in which a total of N individual adhesive tape strips located next to one another are produced in the machine direction from the adhesive tape web. Every other adhesive tape strip is removed from the first liner and is applied to a second liner in each case having a spacing a between the individual adhesive tape strips. The liners are cut between the adhesive tape strips located on the first liner and on the second liner, and the individual adhesive tapes, together with the liner strips, are wound up in a total of X rolls in a form of an Archimedean spiral.

Abstract: A method of making a floor panel includes the steps of: providing an adhesive on a release member; laminating or marrying the release member to a bottom layer such that the adhesive is between the release member and the bottom layer; removing a portion of the release member to expose an area of the adhesive; and adhering a top layer to the area such that the top layer is offset with respect to the bottom layer in a direction of length and width and a marginal end portion of a top surface of the bottom layer and a marginal end portion of the bottom surface of the top layer is exposed.

Abstract: Labels having identification tags and tamper evident pattern release layers and methods of producing such labels are disclosed. An example method includes moving a first substrate in a direction. The first substrate has a first side opposite a second side. The first side has a first adhesive and a pattern release layer. The method also includes coupling a third side of a tag to the first side of the first substrate. The tag includes the third side and a fourth side opposite the third side. The method also includes mating transfer tape of a second substrate over the first side and the fourth side. The second substrate includes a liner layer and the transfer tape. The transfer tape is to be positioned immediately adjacent the tag.

Abstract: A shield that is attachable to a touch sensitive screen is disclosed. The shield may be attached to the touch sensitive screen only at its outer peripheral portion. An air gap is enclosed between the shield and the touch sensitive screen to form a planar air bearing. The shield preferably does not touch the active area of the touch sensitive screen when the user is not touching the shield but only viewing the touch sensitive screen through the shield. This mitigates unwanted optical artifacts such as trapped air bubbles, Newton rings and chromatic interference while maintaining the sensitivity of the touch sensitive screen.

Abstract: A method for bonding supplemental materials of various shapes to a base textile comprises printing an adhesive material, such as a thermoplastic ink, onto a backing sheet, such as a paper backing. The thermoplastic ink may be printed onto the paper backing using a print head, silk screen, gravure, or any other appropriate printing device capable of printing the ink onto the backing sheet in a desired shape and with a desired thickness. The adhesive material is generally printed in substantially the same shape as the perimeter of the supplemental material to be bonded to the base textile. After the thermoplastic ink is printed onto the backing sheet, the thermoplastic ink is transferred to the base fabric using a bonding process. The backing sheet is then peeled away, and the supplemental material is then bonded to the exposed adhesive material on the base fabric using a subsequent bonding process.

Abstract: Methods of forming ceramic matrix composite structures include joining at least two lamina together to form a flexible ceramic matrix composite structure. Ceramic matrix composite structures include at least one region of reduced inter-laminar bonding at a selected location between lamina thereof. Thermal protection systems include at least one seal comprising a ceramic matrix composite material and have at least one region of reduced inter-laminar bonding at a selected location between lamina used to form the seal. Methods of forming thermal protection systems include providing one or more such seals between adjacent panels of a thermal protection system.

Abstract: An element substrate comprises a flexible substrate, an element layer, a buffer layer and an interface layer. The element layer is disposed on the flexible substrate. The buffer layer is disposed on the flexible substrate. The buffer layer and the element layer are disposed on the opposite sides of the flexible substrate. The interface layer is disposed between the flexible substrate and the buffer layer and includes partial material of both of the flexible substrate and the buffer layer. A display apparatus including the element substrate and a manufacturing method of the element substrate are disclosed.