Abstract: Tissue paper products comprising a two component chemical softener composition and binder materials, either permanent or temporary wet strength binders, and/or dry strength binders are disclosed. The two component chemical softening composition comprises an ester-functional ammonium compound and a polysiloxane compound. Preferred ester-functional ammonium compounds include diester dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as diester di(touch hardened)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride. Preferred polysiloxanes include amino-functional polydimethyl polysiloxanes wherein less than about 10 mole percent of the side chains on the polymer contain an amino-functional group.

Abstract: The addition of a relatively small amount of a cationic silicone to the aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers in the wet end of the tissue making process provides improved tactile properties (softness) to the resulting tissue.

Abstract: A method of preparing paper for filter bags, the method of the type comprising a step during which a non-woven paper is prepared comprising two superposed layers, namely a layer based on synthetic fibers and a layer of cellulose fibers, by a technique which is known per se, wherein the method includes a subsequent step of subjecting the non-woven paper to a calendering operation between a support structure and a heated cylinder having projections. The present invention also provides apparatus for implementing the method and products obtained in this manner.

Abstract: The formation of wet-pressed tissue webs useful for facial tissue, bath tissue, paper towels or the like is substantially improved by forming the wet tissue web in layers in which the second-formed layer has a consistency which is significantly less than the consistency of the first-formed layer. The fiber support index of the forming fabric is about 170 or greater. The resulting improvement in web formation enables uniform debonding during creping, which in turn provides a significant improvement in softness and a reduction in linting. Wet-pressed tissues made with this process are uniformly internally debonded, as measured by a high Void Volume Index, which is comparable to that of throughdried tissues.

Abstract: Soft creped tissue paper products comprising papermaking fibers and a biodegradable crepe facilitating composition is disclosed. The crepe facilitating composition is a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose. Preferably, the biodegradable bonding inhibitor is a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound. The use of a biodegradable bonding inhibitor, a cationic starch and a carboxymethyl cellulose results in a creped tissue paper that is both strong and soft. A creped paper process comprising the addition of the crepe facilitating composition is also disclosed. The composition offers the potential to improve production capacity.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising biodegradable chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a biodegradable chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a biodegradable quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. The multi-ply facial tissue paper products also contain an effective amount of a wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder to control linting and/or to offset the loss in tensile strength, if any, resulting from the use of the biodegradable chemical softening compositions. The use of both wet strength binder, either permanent and/or temporary, and dry strength binder also improves the retention of the chemical softening composition in the sheet.

Abstract: A single or multi-ply tissue product includes at least one foam-formed ply incorporating at least about 100 ppm of forming-loop-incorporated surfactant, the ply includes from at least about 50% by weight to about 80% by weight of relatively short, high softness cellulosic fiber formed by chemical pulping of hardwood. The fibers have a weight average fiber length of between about 0.5 to about 2.2 mm, a coarseness of about 7 to about 14 mg of fiber per 100 m of fiber length (mg/100 m). The ply includes from at least about 20% by weight to about 50% by weight of relatively long strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber chosen from chemically pulped softwood fiber and chemi-thermo-mechanically pulped softwood fiber and mixtures thereof. The strength-enhancing cellulosic fiber have a weight average fiber length of about 2 to about 4 mm, a coarseness of about 14 to about 28 mg/100 m. Optionally, up to about 30% by weight of bulk-enhancing fibers having a three-dimensional anfractuous character may be provided.

Abstract: Multi-layered tissue paper webs comprising chemical softener compositions and binder materials are disclosed. The multi-layered tissue webs are useful in the manufacture of soft, absorbent paper products such as facial tissues and/or toilet tissues. The multi-layered tissue paper products contain a chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, sorbitols, polyglycerols having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 800, polyoxyethylene glycols and polyoxypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 4000.

Abstract: Multi-ply facial tissue paper products comprising chemical softener compositions and a combination of a wet strength binder, permanent and/or temporary, and a dry strength binder is disclosed.The multi-ply facial tissue paper products contain a chemical softening composition comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and/or di(hydrogenated)tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, polyglycerols having a weight average molecular weight of from about 150 to about 800, polyoxyethylene glycols and polyoxypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 1000.

Abstract: A high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric is disclosed. The composite fabric contains more than about 70 percent, by weight, pulp fibers which are hydraulically entangled into a continuous filament substrate. This high pulp content composite nonwoven fabric may be used as a heavy duty wiper or as a fluid distribution material, cover material, and/or absorbent material in an absorbent personal care product. Also disclosed is a method of making the high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric.

Abstract: An unsintered metal fiber burner is produced by mixing ceramic fibers with the metal fibers and binding the mixed metal-ceramic fibers together as a porous layer adherent to a foraminous support. By mixing ceramic fibers with metal fibers, the cost of a sintered metal fiber burner is reduced while the novel burner, because of the metal fiber therein, exhibits improved properties such as greater radiant efficiency, lower NO.sub.x emissions and increased durability.

Abstract: A laminate suitable for electrostatic discharge interference and/or electromagnetic interference shielding comprising a polymetaphenylene isophthalamide fiber layer on one or both sides of a conducting layer comprising conducting fibers and polymetaphenylene isophthalamide fibers.

Abstract: A static dissipative laminate consistently having an internal resistance less than 2.times.10.sup.6 and a resistance to ground measurement of about 5.times.10.sup.6 and a surface resistance in the static dissipative range even at a very low humidities is produced by the use of an ionic salt and an humectant in the overlay and further by the use of a special top core sheet containing 0.6-1.0% by weight of carbon fibers.

Abstract: A method of processing pulp comprises the following steps of a) mechanically refining pulp of up to 50% O.D. consistency; and b) mechanically treating the mechanically refined pulp by wringing, dewatering and compacting the mechanically refined pulp to permanently twist and kink individual fibers to a degree that is substantially irreversible when they are subsequently subjected to papermaking process steps, the refined and treated pulp having increased bulk and no reduction in Z-directional tensile over the same pulp that has not been mechanically refined and thereafter wrung, dewatered and compacted to twist and kink individual fibers. Alternately, the order of mechanically refining and mechanically treating can be reversed. The invention may have specific application to enhancing multi-layer paper products where pulp treated in accordance with the invention is utilized as core ply pulp in a multi-layer paper product.

Abstract: A decorative static dissipative high pressure laminate having a plurality of consolidated thermosetting resin impregnated layers including a core and a decor surface layer to provide a surface resistance no greater than 2.times.10.sup.9. The core comprises at least one thermosetting resin impregnated paper core sheet and at least one special thermosetting resin impregnated core sheet of predominately paper fibers and a small quantity of stainless steel fibers irregularly distributed among the paper fibers.

Abstract: Novel multi-layer paper and tissue products are provided, which possess strength, softness and absorbency. The products comprise either at least two foam deposited paper layers, wherein the foams have different air contents therein, or foam and water deposited layers. The layers can be deposited at about identical feed pressures from a single headbox while still possessing differing tensile strength ratios. Novel processes for forming such products are also provided.

Abstract: Electrically conductive polymeric materials, having microwave susceptive characteristics, are produced by suspending a fibrous based material and a monomer precursor of a conductive polymer in an aqueous solution. Addition of a chemical oxidant induces polymerization of the monomer resulting in coating of the fibrous based material. The invention provides a susceptor material useful for cooking food items in a microwave oven, and enhances the browning and/or crispening of the items. Conductive polymer coated fibrous based materials can be formed into a paper product by conventional papermaking techniques or molded into an integral structures having microwave interactive properties.

Abstract: A laminated paperboard product and a process for making the product and shoe insoles made therefrom. The product is formed of a first layer with a mixture of a predominance of a polyolefin fibers (preferably polyethylene) that has been treated to make it hydrophilic and long fiber softwood pulp, and a second layer formed of a mixture of the polyolefin fiber (again preferably polyethylene) and a predominance long fiber softwood pulp.When made into shoe insoles, the product has a second ply formed of a third and a fourth layer. The third layer has a composition that is similar to the second layer in that the quantity of polyolefin is greater then the quantity of wood pulp and the fourth layer has a composition that is similar to the first layer in that the quantity of polyolefin is less then the quantity of wood pulp.

Abstract: A foam-formed nonlaminated stratified paper tissue and method of making the same includes a first zone of foam-formed paper tissue formed from a furnish of hardwood fiber. A second zone of foam-formed paper tissue is formed from a furnish of softwood fiber. The second zone is formed unitary and entangled with the first zone to form a nonlaminated stratified paper tissue. A high softness integument is defined adjacent to an outer surface of the first zone and a substratum is defined adjacent to a surface of the second zone spaced away from the integument. The integument on the outer surface of the first zone includes an enriched region having a substantial purity of hardwood fiber and the substratum on the surface of the second zone includes an enriched region having a substantial purity of softwood fiber. The enriched region of substantially pure hardwood fiber provides an extremely soft and smooth surface detectable by human somatic sensibility.

Abstract: One or more layers of a sheet comprising (1) 60% to 99%, based on the weight of solids, of vermiculite delaminated by mechanical means only, (2) 1% to 40%, based on the weight of solids, of at least one fibrous material and (3) 0.1% to 4%, based on the weight of the vermiculite, of at least one flocculating agent, can be used to protect heat-sensitive substrates such as resin matrix composites from fire or heat.

Abstract: The tea bag paper comprises a first phase of natural fibers in a weight percentage of from 60% to 85%, and a second phase of heat-sealable synthetic fibers with the remainder of the weight percentage of from 15% to 40%. The second phase penetrates the first phase in such a way that both sides of the paper are adapted to be heat-sealed, with the unit area weight of the paper being between 10 and 15 g/m.sup.2. The tea bag paper exhibits enhanced tea diffusion, and may be processed on special high-speed automatic tea packing machines, because it is heat-sealable on either side thereof.

Abstract: The stiffness of multi-ply paper and board products is increased by dewatering the base ply on the papermaking machine to a consistency of at least about 8% prior to application of the next ply. The desired laminating consistency is more readily achieved through the use of pulp which has been subjected to a heat treatment process comprising heating the pulp at a temperature in the range of 170.degree. C. to 250.degree. in the presence of water for at least about 0.1 minutes, which reduces the water retention valve of the pulp. The heat treated pulp also produces a stiffer multi-ply product in its own right, which augments the stiffness advantage connected with attainment of higher laminating consistencies.

Abstract: A foam-formed nonlaminated stratified paper tissue includes a first layer of bulky anfractuous fiber blend and a second layer of fiber blend having enhanced softness and caliper as compared to a conventional tissue of equivalent basis weight and strength. In a preferred embodiment, the first layer is a fiber blend of a bulky anfractuous fiber and a chemithermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a foam-formed nonlaminated stratified web of paper tissue material includes supplying a first furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly to a foraminous support member. A second furnish of fiber blend is supplied onto the first furnish disposed on the foraminous support member. The furnishes may also be supplied in reverse order depending upon the forming configuration of the machine used. The first and second furnishes form a web of paper tissue material which is dried in a drying device to a predetermined dryness.

Abstract: A non-woven fibrous mat of generally random fiber orientation with built up lines or strips of fiber formed therein directionally oriented to enhance the strength and/or appearance of a mat and a method and apparatus for efficiently producing the same by differentially controlling dewatering in a wet mat process.

Abstract: Multilayer paper having an improved combination of stiffness and smoothness, and the processes for producing such paper products are disclosed. The multilayer papers are formed using chemical pulp, with the outer layers comprised of coarser, stronger fibers and the inner layer of finer but weaker fibers that exhibit a higher compressibility than the fibers of the outer layers. Such multilayer papers exhibit improved stiffness and strength from having the stronger fibers located in the outer layer, without losing the preferable surface smoothness of the finer inner-layer fibers, whose smoothness characteristics are reflected in the final surface smoothness.

Abstract: There is disclosed a tactile imaging paper comprising a tactile sheet and a backing sheet laminated together. The tactile sheet is a cellulosic sheet formed from a highly dilute furnish of from 30% to 60% chemically modified high alpha pulp, 35% to 70% solftwood pulp (or a mixture of softwood pulp and hardwood pulp with the hardwood pulp comprising up to 50% of the mixture), and 0.5% to 6% polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The tactile sheet is formed from the furnish without any wet pressing of the tactile sheet. Once the tactile sheet is dry, it is dry calendered to a density of from 0.3 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter. Moreover, the tactile sheet has a porosity of greater than 1000 centimeters per minute. The tactile sheet has a basis weight from 75 to 200 grams per square meter and with a laminated backing sheet the tactile imaging paper has a basis weight of about 190 gsm.

Abstract: Absorbent paper products, such as towels, absorbent wipes, toilet tissue, facial tissue and the like fibrous webs of relatively high bulk, are produced by a method comprising the steps of treating hydrophilic cellulosie fibers to impart kinks, curls, bends, twists, to the fibers; dispersing the treated fibers in an aqueous forming medium, and wet-forming a stratified single-ply web constituted of at least one stratum of the treated fibers and at least one stratum of conventional paper-making fibers. The treating step may consist of wet or dry mechanical working, chemical treatment or a combination of mechanical and chemical treatments. The web forming step comprises preparing a first aqueous furnish of the treated fibers, preparing a second aqueous furnish of the conventional fibers, and concurrently depositing the two furnishes in contiguous layers on a moving foraminous support.

Abstract: A delaminated stratified paper towel includes a dense first layer of chemical fiber blend and a second layer of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend unitary with the first layer. The first and second layers enhance a rate of absorption and water holding capacity of the paper towel. In a preferred embodiment, the second layer is a fiber blend having a high bulk softwood fiber and a chemi-thermomechanical pulp. A method of forming a delaminated stratified web of paper towel material includes supplying a first furnish directly to a wire and supplying a second furnish of a bulky anfractuous fiber blend directly onto the first furnish disposed on the wire. Drying the first and second furnishes forms a web of paper towel material having a predetermined dryness. The web of paper towel material is thereafter creped off of the drying device and embossed to a predetermined emboss depth. The web of paper towel material has an enhanced rate of absorption and water holding capacity.

Abstract: A sheet having substantially all of the qualities of liner board is formed solely from mechanical pulp using two different stocks to form discrete layers, one of the layers being preferably at least 50% coarse chemi-mechanical pulp and at least one surface layer being preferably of a chemi-mechanical fine pulp. Preferably the coarse layer will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Douglas Fir pulp and the fine pulp will be a chemi-thermo-mechanical Western red cedar pulp.

Abstract: A method of producing multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard. A pulp stock of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink is applied as a top ply to a base ply of Kraft pulp stock. Both pulp stocks have a pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: Soft paper from cellulose fibres is manufactured by wet-forming a first fibre layer. Thereafter air-borne dry fibres are deposited directly on one or both sides of the wet-formed layer while this is still wet, so that a second and possibly a third fibre layer are formed on the first one. Fibre bindings thereby arise between the layers. The wet-formed fibre layer gives the soft paper its strength, while the dry-formed fibers give a soft surface.

Abstract: A multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard, composed of a base ply of Kraft pulp and a top ply of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: A packing paper comprising a support layer and a coating layer. The coating layer contains minerals, which give it a white pigmentation, has a content of between 25 and 50% by weight of dry materials, has a good degree of whiteness which is at least equal to 70, and has good capacity for flexographic printing.

Abstract: A multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard, composed of a base ply of Kraft pulp and a top ply of de-inked, reclaimed newsprint. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top newsprint ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is agricultural paper to be made into pots for raising seedlings. It is made up of a first layer made chiefly of natural pulp and a second layer made of synthetic fibers having a basis weight of 3-15 g/m.sup.2, said first layer and second layer being joined to each other by the wet papermaking process which intertwines the fibers of the two layers at their joining interface. The second layer is formed by fusion bonding composite synthetic fibers of polymers having different plasticizing temperatures.

Abstract: A method of producing a multi-ply paperboard comprising at least one ply high bulk fibers sandwiched between at least two plies of conventional papermaking fibers. In a preferred embodiment, high bulk fibers characterized by twists, kinks and curls are produced by mechanical deformation without substantial fibrillation or breakage of the fibers, as by dry hammermilling or wet milling of the fibers. An aqueous foam furnish is preferred for laying the ply containing high bulk fibers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer fibrous material suitable for use as an EMI and RFI shielding packaging material and a process for producing the same comprising first and second outer layers formed of paper or paperboard and an inner layer formed of paper or paperboard containing conductive carbon. The invention also provides a method of providing antistatic properties to the packaging material.

Abstract: A fibrous web product with a surface treatment containing bacterial cellulose and a method of surface treating such fibrous webs. The bacterial cellulose is applied to at least one surface of a fibrous web, to make products such as printing material suitable for magazines or advertisements, by use of conventional paper manufacturing equipment. The bacterial cellulose may be applied singularly or in combination with other materials such as fillers or pigments. Bacterial cellulose applied at relatively low concentrations gives excellent properties of gloss, smoothness, ink receptivity and holdout, and surfaces strength.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an envelope type separator for a storage battery and the manufacturing process thereof. The separator sheet is comprised of a first, microporous paper layer made of an inorganic powder material, a synthetic organic fiber material and an organic binder, and a second, coarse paper layer made of a synthetic organic fiber material and an organic binder, but no inorganic powder material, these layers being bound together by heating. The resultant separator sheet of combination paper type is then formed so that the mutually inward surfaces of the coarse paper layer are brought into contact with each other and are made to adhere to each other, preferably at the edges, by thermal fusion, so that the separator sheet is formed into the shape of an envelope process for making an envelope type separator sheet is also described.

Abstract: Method in a paper manufacturing process for improving the properties of the paper, in particular its retention. In the method, the fibre material is passed through a refining and screening system to the head-box arrangement of a paper machine, which comprises one or several head boxes, through which the stock suspension is fed onto a forming wire or into a forming gap (G) between a pair of forming wires (40,41). Two different components are formed out of basic stock which contains substantially all the fibres to be used for the paper to be manufactured. Of these components, one component contains mainly fibres longer than the average distribution of fibre length in the basic stock, while the other stock component contains mainly fibres shorter than average and fines as well, in addition to a possible additive component or components for the stock, if any. The stock component of longer fibres is fed, by means of a multi-channel head box, into direct contact with the forming wire or wires (40,41).

Abstract: High temperature resistant pressboard having a desirable combination of compression set values and oil absorption is prepared by a process whereby a low density pressboard is first prepared by forming a wet lap of multiple layers of a waterleaf containing 50-95% by weight water and pressing the wet lap at 100-200.degree. C. under a pressure of 10-60 kg/cm.sup.2, drying, ultimately at 270.degree.-320.degree. C. until substantially no further moisture is evolved and finally pressing at 270.degree.-320.degree. C. under a pressure of 8-350 kg/cm.sup.2 and optionally cooling under restraint.

Abstract: Disclosed is a semipermeable membrane support and a process for making the same. The support is formed of a non-woven fabric of a laminated structure having a low density layer with an air permeability of 5 to 50 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec and a high density layer with an air permeability of 0.1 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec to 5 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec, the non-woven fabric having an overall air permeability of 01 to 4.5 cc/cm.sup.2 /sec. The process for preparing such a support consists of laminating a dry processes web, which comprises entirely polyester fibers containing 20 to 80% of undrawn polyester fiber or conjugate polyester fibers having an average fiber denier of 1 to 3 denier formed through a dry process, and an un-press-treated wet processed web, which comprises entirely polyester fibers containing 30 to 90% of undrawn polyester fibers or conjugate polyester fibers having fiber denier of 0.1 to 1.

Abstract: A method of continuously manufacturing thin porous conductive strips, the strips including at least one layer based on a substance which contains carbon and a binder, the method comprising the successive steps of:preparing a very dilute aqueous dispersion of carbon or graphite fibers;adding an aqueous binder emulsion to the dispersion;initiating precipitation of a part of the binder onto the fibers;spreading the mixture in the form of a layer (1,2);removing at least some of the water from the mixture (3);drying the mixture (4,5,6,7); andsetting the layer to the required thickness (8) which may be less than a few tens of microns.

Abstract: In order to achieve a sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk softness and surface softness it is proposed according to the invention that said web contains expanded microspheres (11) of thermoplastic material in an amount of from 1 to 10% based on the weight of the dry web.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic fiber felt or mat having one portion comprising a high temperature resistant ceramic fiber and another portion of lower temperature resistant ceramic fiber. The two portions are joined seamlessly by an intermingling and intimate relationship of the two fiber types during formation of the mat. The invention further provides apparatus for formation of such ceramic fiber composites and further provides for forming such composite ceramic fiber members into modules.

Abstract: The invention relates to particle boards, e.g. wood particle- or chipboards, for building purposes, which have been reinforced by means of glass fibre filaments or threads placed in the boards. The threads are laid to obtain increased rupture strength and increased resistance to punch-through of concentrated loads, and are fixed at given spacing in conjunction with the board manufacturing process. The method of reinforcing the boards during manufacture is also included by the invention.

Abstract: Multilayer paper of superior layer purity and formation is produced by discharging a plurality of superimposed jets of papermaking stock from a headbox into the throat of a roll former, preventing the discharged jets from coming together for a short distance by introducing air between adjacent jets as they leave the headbox, and maintaining the velocity of the jet closest to a plain forming roll in the roll former slightly higher than the velocity of an adjacent discharged jet.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for producing paper is disclosed. The paper-producing method involves the steps of preparing a slurry of high lignin content having a predetermined freeness and containing from 1 to 20 percent by weight of fibers, refining the slurry to enable the production therefrom of paper having predetermined properties, forming a web from the slurry and drying the web. The improvement involves treating the high lignin content slurry, prior to the refining step, with a sodium, potassium or lithium alkaline sulfite/sulfide/carbonate solution at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C. and at a pH of at least 10 for from 10 to 60 minutes. The amount of the sulfite/sulfide/carbonate solution should be sufficient that the treatment increases the strength of paper made at the same degree of freeness. The slurry should be one in which at least 50 percent of the fibers are softwood fibers and containing not more than 3.0 percent of residual cooking chemicals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus especially adapted to produce a ply separable web requiring substantially less energy input for drying. The apparatus comprises a headbox having at least three stock flow channels, the outer channels being adapted to convey conventional aqueous stock solutions, with at least one inner channel adapted to convey airborne fibers. The resulting web, having a significant portion of the fibers in a dry state, requires less energy to dry, and the distinct layers provide shear zones therebetween which permit ply separation upon creping. Different fiber types may be provided in different layers depending upon product attributes desired, and the products may be conventionally dried or may be throughdried. An alternative embodiment requires the mixing of airborne fibers with an aqueous solution adjacent to or within the headbox, producing only surface wetting of the fibers and reduced interfiber bonding.

Abstract: The properties of nonwoven glass fiber and nonwoven polymer fiber are combined efficaciously in a composite web that comprises two component webs of particular composition. One of the component webs is formed by screen casting, squeezing, and drying an aqueous dispersion of glass fiber, thermoplastic fiber, and a hydrophilic polymer so that temporary adhesion bonding occurs. The other of the component webs is formed by orienting textile polymer fiber and thermoplastic fiber so that temporary matting occurs. The composite web is formed by superposing and calendering the component webs under heat and pressure so that fusion bonding of the thermoplastic fiber occurs within each and between both of the component webs. As a result, the glass fiber and textile fiber are predeterminedly locked and the properties of both are predeterminedly available.