Abstract: An improved papermaking process has been developed to enhance the properties of the resultant paper or paper-type products. The process involves adding a polyvinyl alcohol/vinylamine copolymer along with a crosslinking agent at the dry end step of a conventional papermaking process. Improvements in the properties of the resultant paper products are observed, especially at low levels of copolymer addition.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of inhibiting the formation and deposition of barium sulfate on the surfaces of papermaking systems. The inventive treatments comprise adding an effective amount of a poly(amine) compound to the papermaking systems. Representative polymers include polyallylamine, polytrimethylallylammonium chloride and polyvinylamine.

Abstract: Polyvinylaminals, optionally as the formed copolymer with polyvinyl hemiaminals, and polyvinyl acetals are added to a papermaking pulp slurry to improve the retention of fines in the final paper product. This polymer is provided by reacting a poly(vinylamine) which can be a homopolymer or a copolymer containing vinyl alcohol and vinyl amine units with a monoaldehyde. The aldehyde, such as butyraldehyde, modifies the structure of the polymer and increases its hydrophobicity. The use of these polymers in papermaking involving the recycle of waste papers provides notable advantages in fines retention because of the high level of fines which normally accompany such recycle paper waste.

Abstract: A method for the control of pitch in an aqueous system used in pulp or paper making is disclosed which comprises adding to the system, or to the pulp making or paper making machinery, a water soluble polymer derived from (a) an epihalohydrin, a diepoxide or a precursor of an epihalohydrin or diepoxide, (b) an alkyl amine having a functionality with respect to an epihalohydrin of 2 and (c) an amine which has a functionality with respect to an epihalohydrin greater than 2 and which does not possess any carbonyl groups.

Abstract: Pitch formation in a paper mill is controlled by a chemical composition of a water-soluble polymer of polycyanoguanidineammoniumchloride (PGAC) or polycyanoguanidineureaammoniumchloride (PGUAC).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for sizing in the production of paper, cardboard, paperboard and other cellulose-containing materials with and without filling materials and/or pigments by natural or synthetic sizing agents under neutral to weakly basic pH conditions without the use of aluminum salts, wherein sizing is carried out with a combination of natural or synthetic sizing agents with a cationic dicyandiamide resin.

Abstract: An invert size for the engine and tub sizing of paper. It contains an aqueous dispersion of a fortified, unfortified, hydrogenated, or disproportionated and optionally esterified rosin or mixture of such rosins and of a dispersant that contains digested casein or an emulsifier of the general formula[R--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--A].sub.x.sup.- M.sup.X+(I)wherein R is an alkylphenyl, alkyl, or alkenyl group or a cycloalkyl group with condensed rings, A is a group with the formula --CH.sub.2 COO or --SO.sub.3, M.sup.x+ is a cation, x is 1 or 2, and n is a number such that approximately 21 to 76% of the molecular weight of the anion is in the --OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 group. To allow sizing control, the dispersant also contains cationic starch.

Abstract: Dry market pulp is made by shearing a cellulosic suspension and draining it through a screen to form a pulp sheet which is then dried, and the productivity of the process is increased by adding a water soluble cationic polymer before the shearing and bentonite or other suitable inorganic material after the shearing.

Abstract: Sizing agents, some of which are known compounds and some of which are novel aromatic compounds which contain in the aromatic nucleus a single hydrophobic substituent containing at least 5 carbon atoms and at least one anionic group, said hydrophobic substituent being linked to the aromatic nucleus through an ester, amide, urethane or urea bridge, with the CO group of ester and amide bridges being attached to the hydrophobic radical and a methylene group being optionally present between said bridges and the aromatic nucleus, are particularly suitable, together with commercially available retention aids, for use in a process for the mass sizing of paper or cardboard or for the surface sizing of paper.

Abstract: A glass fiber mat having improved strength and fiber wettability is provided by incorporation of a critical amount of between 1% and 6% by weight (solids) of a carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex having a pH between about 5 and about 8.5, a glass transition temperature (Tg) less than 25.degree. C. and a surface tension less than 50 dynes/cm, and 94% and 99% by weight (solids) of a urea-formaldehyde resin solution having a pH of from about 6.5 to about 8.5.

Abstract: Dry strength resins are prepared by reacting acrylamide polymers with amino/aldehyde resin acid colloids during the formation of the colloid. The resultant copolymers are useful as dry strength resins in the formation of paper.

Abstract: A binder composition is disclosed, which comprises:(A) a copolymer emulsion which contains as its essential ingredients vinyl acetate, ethylene, and a monomer represented by the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or CH.sub.3 ; and R.sub.2 is H or an alkyl group having not more than 5 carbon atoms, the proportions of the respective ingredients being within the range of 55-96.5/3-40/0.5-5 on a weight basis;(B) a formaldehyde-free nitrogen-containing glyoxal resin;(C) a metal salt catalyst; and optionally(D) a higher alcohol sulfuric acid ester-based surfactant.Nonwoven fabrics and impregnated papers using the binder composition are also disclosed. The binder composition exhibits not only high resistance to water and solvents but also low residual free formaldehyde level, with an improvement in foamability being optionally attainable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing paper by the addition of a retention - dry strength agent system. The system consists ofcationic starch with a substitution degree of at least 0.005 in an amount of at least 1%,anionic high-polymer with a molecular weight greater than 10.sup.6 and in an amount of 0.003-0.5%, andcationic synthethic polymer in an amount of 0.005-0.5%.

Abstract: Substrate composites, well adopted for the production of metallized printed circuits and facilely prepared by, e.g., papermaking procedures, include a central core layer comprising fibrous cellulosic material or flaked mica within a matrix of a thermosetting resin binder, said central core element having coextensively laminated to at least one of the face surfaces thereof, a lamina of a thermosetting resin comprising non-conductive metal oxide filler material distributed therethrough, and said metal oxide being borohydride reduceable and reactive to form unstable metal hydride intermediates.

Abstract: A thermosetting size applyable to paper in a size press and curable at a temperature not in excess of about 280.degree. F. for 10 seconds is disclosed. This size comprises an aqueous emulsion comprising water having suspended therein aqueous emulsion copolymer particles of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising hydroxy-functional monomer having an hydroxy number of at least about 20, and the balance of the monomers provides a water insoluble polymer having a glass transition temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C. The emulsion has a pH greater than about 2.5, preferably from 4.0 to 7.0, and a stoichiometric deficiency of an aminoplast cross-linking agent is used for cure. An acid curing catalyst is uniformly distributed in the size to speed the cure.

Abstract: A lightweight paper having a superior opacity and printing opacity is provided, which lightweight paper comprises dry pulp, 0.015 to 1.2% by weight based on the pulp of an alumina polymer and 0.5 to 30% by weight based on the pulp of a coaggregate formed from agglomerated particles of urea-formal-dehyde polymer (A) and agglomerated particles of hydrated silicic acid (B) in a ratio of (A):(B) of 5:95 to 95:5.

Abstract: There is provided a composite sheet material for fabrication of storage envelopes for magnetic recording media, e.g., floppy diskettes. The material has a low debris count, and a fast rate of static decay as well as high stiffness and strength.

Abstract: Flame and combustion retardant insulative materials are manufactured by subjecting cellulosic pulp rejects to a dewatering operation to remove approximately 25% of the water; flash-drying the obtained partially dewatered rejects, causing the rejects to expand and become porous; applying a flame or combustion retardant material to impregnate and coat the expanded and porous cellulosic material, and drying. The thus impregnated and coated cellulosic materials have high insulative values while being highly resistant to flame and smoldering combustion.

Abstract: Sizing agents devoid of anhydride groups, some of which are known and others are novel compounds, and which carry a single N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl(or alkenyl)amide group as hydrophobic substituent and at least one anionic group, in particular N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkyl or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkenyl partial amides of a dicarboxylic acid, tricarboxylic acid or sulfocarboxylic acid, or the salts thereof, are particularly suitable, together with commercially available retention aids, for use in a process for pulp-sizing paper or cardboard at a pH of at least 6.5 of the fibre suspension, in the absence of e.g. aluminium sulfate, or in a process for surface-sizing paper.

Abstract: Anionic sizing agents containing anhydride groups, which are novel compounds and which contain a single N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 di(alkyl- or alkenyl)amido group, a N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 (alkyl- or alkenyl)amido group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 -(alkyl or alkenyl) ester group as hydrophobic substituent, and at least one anionic group in acid or salt form, in particular the anhydride of a N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkylamido- or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 dialkenylamidocarboxylic acid, the anhydride of a N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkylamido- or N,N-C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkenylamidocarboxylic acid, or the C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl ester or C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkenyl ester of an aromatic tetracarboxylic acid anhydride or a salt thereof, are particularly suitable, together with commerically available retention aids, for use in a process for pulp-sizing or surface-sizing paper or cardboard.

Abstract: Fluoroaliphatic-thio,-sulfinyl and -sulfonyl substituted bicycloaliphatic amic acid amine salts of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.f is perfluoroalkyl, R' is alkylene optionally interrupted by --O--, --S-- or ##STR2## where R.sub.a is hydrogen or alkyl, Y is lower alkylene or --O--, n is 0-2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl or together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, represent morpholino, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or hydroxy lower alkyl, R.sub.6 is lower alkyl, carboxy lower alkyl, sulfo lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, benzyl or together with R.sub.5 and the nitrogen to which they are attached represent morpholino, and R is hydrogen or methyl are provided. These salts applied in the form of aqueous solutions, dispersions or emulsions are useful in rendering cellulosic and natural and synthetic polyamide materials oil and water repellent.

Abstract: The present invention concerns our discovery that aqueous cellulosic slurries comprising primary binder, newsprint, sulfite pulp, and vegetable shell flour can be prepared and formed as desired into various configurations. The materials thus formed are usable for a variety of purposes including furniture, paneling and flooring structures.

Abstract: Method of making glass fiber mat of improved tensile strength by forming the mat from a plurality of glass fibers and a binder composition therefor which consists essentially of a urea-formaldehyde resin and alkoxylated alkyl amine surfactant.

Abstract: The problem of resin precure encountered in fiberboard, especially medium-density fiberboard, produced by blow-line blending is overcome by adding an alkaline material to the wood fibers prior to blow-line blending in order to raise the pH of the wood preferably into the range of 4 to 7, and optimally around 5.5. Only the fiber used to form the surface layers of the mat which is hot pressed to form the fiberboard need have the alkaline material added thereto; alternatively, especially in the core layer of the mat, the action of the alkaline material may be reversed by adding an acid catalyst. The fiberboards formed have a glossy, hard surface which reduces the need for sanding.

Abstract: Polymer, co-polymer and/or elastomer containing paper is manufactured for a wide variety of end uses. The paper is remarkably homogeneous and retains its porosity even when it contains large quantities of polymer, co-polymer or elastomer. The latex and the fibrous slurry are mixed at the wet end in conjunction with a polyelectrolyte bridging agent, the bridging agent having a cationic charge and the latex and fibrous material having an anionic charge. In this way, the latex particles in their substantially original size become linked with the fibrous material by means of the intermediate bridging agent and without the latex undergoing any substantially coagulation or precipitation.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibers, characterized by a lack of swellability and incapable of natural fiber-to-fiber bonding, are produced by a process which comprises treating an aqueous slurry of the fibers with a formaldehyde-free polymeric compound, heating the treated fibers to cause the polymeric compound to react with the fibers, and refiberizing to separate individual, treated fibers. The fibers are useful in the preparation of improved cellulosic webs characterized primarily by their increased bulk and improved softness.

Abstract: What is described herein is a method of improving the wet tensile strength of sized glass fiber mats characterized by forming the mat from a plurality of glass fibers and a binder composition therefor which consists essentially of a urea-formaldehyde resin and about 0.01 to 5% by weight of a surfactant which is both highly water soluble and which wets the surfaces of sized glass fibers. The preferred surfactant is an anionic surfactant such as a sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. The glass mats thus made retained up to 79% of their tensile strength upon being subjected to severe wet conditions.

Abstract: A curable resin, e.g., a phenol-aldehyde resin, of a resin impregnated cellulosic substrate, e.g., paper, is cured by contacting said substrate with high temperature steam in a continuous superheated state. The resulting product exhibits superior physical properties, e.g., improved wet properties such as boiled tensile strength.

Abstract: An additive comprising an anionic organic surface active agent is incorporated into mechanical or thermomechanical pulp at an elevated temperature and pressure. The additive causes dispersion of lignin and retards redeposition of lignin so that the bursting strength of the paper formed from the pulp is improved. The preferred additives are higher molecular weight anionic organic polyelectrolytes or polymers, particularly polymeric sulfonates. Further improvement in bursting strength is achieved by the wet end addition of a cationic organic polyelectrolyte or polymer, with or without starch. Lower molecular weight anionic organic detergents can also be used but should be rinsed from the pulp before forming paper.

Abstract: A diaphragm for a speaker obtained by forming a diaphragm base by screen processing a mixture of carbon fiber, pulp and polyvinyl alcohol fiber as a binder in a manner similar to that employed for making paper, depositing a thermosetting resin on the diaphragm base by impregnation or coating, and subjecting the diaphragm base, on which the thermosetting resin has been deposited, to electroless plating to deposit a metal film in the interstices between fibers and on the entire fiber surface.

Abstract: A high temperature resistant compressible sheet material has a thickness of 0.001 to 1 inch and includes a crosslinked elastomer as a binder and high temperature staple fibers. A major amount of a particulate filler which has been chemically modified to coreact with the crosslinked elastomer is incorporated into the sheet material. The binder preferably has incorporated therein an addition polymerized silane coupling agent. The sheet material is fabricated according to papermaking techniques. The sheet material is useful in the fabrication of gasketing and in heat shields.

Abstract: A method of producing an improved mineral board and the resulting product are disclosed. According to the present invention, the board is predominantly composed of perlite and a binder therefor, preferably urea-formaldehyde resin. The perlite is crushed after the composition is in its final shape but before the binder is set whereby its strength is substantially increased. The composition and process of making the board substantially reduce energy costs as compared to known methods for making wet-process mineral boards. The product composition may include up to 95% perlite by weight.

Abstract: A glass fiber filter mat possessing excellent wet strength which is in the form of a non-woven matrix of glass micro-fibers including polymer micro-bits derived, for example, from a non-brittle expanded, thermoplastic styrene polymer or a flexible foamed polyurethane, the micro-bits being substantially free of intact cells. Also included in the filter mat is a cobeat or intimate blend of cellulose fibers and the polymer micro-bits, which may additionally contain polyester fibers, as well as a combination of binders, viz., polyvinyl alcohol and a melamineformaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Aminoplast resin pigments for paper making comprise large surface area (>5m.sup.2 /g) particles, preferably of size below 200 .mu.m, made from an aminoplast resin made by condensing formaldehyde with urea and/or melamine in the presence of 0.2 to 15 moles, per 100 moles of formaldehyde, or sulphite, phosphate, phosphite or borate radicals. The resin may be converted to the particulate form by gelling the resin in extended form by dilution with an aqueous acid, followed by drying, curing, and comminution of the gelled resin. To effect gelation in extended form the resin is preferably diluted to a resin solids content of less than 25% by weight by the addition of sufficient acid to cause gelation within 20 minutes.

Abstract: A fibrous sheet having a high strength and water resistance and having no resin specks on the surface can be produced by producing a sheet from a fiber slury by the known paper making process, to said fiber slurry being added a flocculate of chlorinated polymer latices which has a particle size of 100.mu.-500 .mu. and is prepared by heating said chlorinated polymer latices to a temperature of at least their minimum film-forming temperature and then adding a water soluble cationic polymer or a polyvalent metal salt with stirring. Examples of said chlorinated polymer latices are anionic polyvinyl chloride latex, polyvinylidene chloride latex or the combination thereof.

Abstract: A blend which contains homopolymers useful for imparting wet and dry strength to pulp and paper fibers which comprises a major amount of non-ionic polyacrylamide, together with glyoxal to impart crosslinking and polymeric diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC) as a cationic modifier. A buffer such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate may be used. A dosage of 0.2-5% by weight (preferred 0.5-2% by weight) based on the dry weight of fiber is utilized.

Abstract: A semisynthetic paper with low bulk comprises a continuous, chemically bonded, open fibre network formed by cellulosic vegetable fibres and fragments of urea-formaldehyde condensate, the fragments being precured before paper web formation and being cured a second time when drying the paper web.A method of producing a semisynthetic paper with low bulk comprises the steps of forming precured fragments of a urea-formaldehyde condensate, forming a stock of the fragments and cellulosic vegetable fibres, including in the stock a water-insoluble latent curing agent, forming a paper web from the stock, and drying the paper web, the fragments being cured a second time during the drying operation.

Abstract: An amino-resin composition, in particular urea formaldehyde and/or melamine formaldehyde, in the form of fibres, having incorporated therein at least one additional compound which contains at least one aldehyde or ketone group and at least one hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom.

Abstract: Hydrophilic fibers may be prepared by discharging a heated and pressurized dispersion of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer into a zone of reduced temperature and pressure, and then modifying the fibers so produced by treatment with an aqueous admixture of selected cationic and anionic water-soluble, nitrogen-containing polymers. Blends of the hydrophilic fibers with wood pulp provide paper products having improved physical properties.

Abstract: Paper having adequate mechanical strength and stiffness for use in xerographic equipment at a very low weight is prepared from a stock containing untreated cellulose fibers as well as cellulose fibers stiffened by impregnation with melamine-formaldehyde precondensate or methylolurea, curing of the initially water-soluble resin, and reaction of the cured resin with polyvinyl alcohol or starch ether.

Abstract: A fibrous sheet bonded with a latex flocculate is produced by adding zinc white powders to a carboxyl modified anionic latex, adjusting the pH to at least 7, adding thereto a water soluble cationic polymer to obtain a latex flocculate, adding thus obtained flocculate to a fiber slurry and subjecting the fiber slurry to a known wet paper making process.

Abstract: A method of producing dry-process composition paper board from waste paper. Waste paper is particulated into flakes and the like fragments, conditioned for moisture content, and blended with an adhesive such as a synthetic thermosetting resin prior to forming by compression into mats which are cured under high pressure and temperature to form a rigid, cohesive paper flake board.The method obviates the need of sorting, pulping, cleaning and purification of waste paper and permits manufacture of structural panel boards in small recycling plants.

Abstract: Novel resins, useful as strengthening resins for imparting dry and temporary wet strength to paper, are disclosed. The resins are prepared by reacting branched water-soluble poly(.beta.-alanine) with glyoxal.

Abstract: Novel resins, useful as strengthening resins for imparting dry and temporary wet strength to paper, are disclosed. The resins are prepared by reacting branched water-soluble poly(beta-alanine) with glyoxal.

Abstract: Paper of at least about 60% .alpha.-cellulose content, a basis weight of about 50-90 pounds per 3000 square foot ream, a pH of about 6.75.+-.0.5 and a Gurley porosity of about 15-25 seconds per 100 c.c. of air having impregnated therein from about 55% to about 65%, by weight, based on the weight of the paper, of a .beta.-staged resin composition comprisingA. the resinous reaction product of melamine, formaldehyde and diethylethanolamine,B. an ortho- or para-toluene sulfonamide,C. ethyleneglycol phenyl ether,D. water andE. a catalyst,And a method for the production thereof, are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel aminopolyamide-acrylamide-glyoxal resins useful as a sizing agent for paper having low water absorption, a desirable property for sized paper. The products are water dispersible and/or soluble and also find utility in printing inks, textile treatment and cosmetic or beauty aid compositions. The aminopolyamide is the condensation product of a polymeric fat acid and polyalkylene polyamine.

Abstract: Opacifying agents, which may be coated onto or incorporated into paper sheets, consisting essentially of spherical aldehyde condensation polymeric super-particles, each having a spherical, discontinuous shell surrounding a spherical hollow core, said shell composed of agglomerated, discrete spherical aldehyde condensation polymeric secondary particles which are solid throughout. The opacifying agents are incorporated into paper sheets by admixing cellulosic fibers with the super-particles.

Abstract: Novel resins, useful as strengthening resins for imparting dry and temporary wet strength to paper, are disclosed. The resins are prepared by reacting branched water-soluble poly(.beta.-alanine) with glyoxal.

Abstract: A white, bright and opaque urea formaldehyde pigment is prepared in a continuous process by precipitating a urea formaldehyde resin or prepolymer having a relatively low water tolerance and a relatively high viscosity in an aqueous precipitating bath containing an acid catalyst. The reaction is carried out by supplying the urea formaldehyde resin to one or more reactors each containing the precipitating bath at an elevated temperature and under agitation, wherein a precipitate begins to form almost immediately. The reaction is allowed to progress for a length of time sufficient to permit most of the higher molecular weight fractions of the resin to precipitate out, the precipitate is then filtered preferably at the reaction temperature, washed and collected.

Abstract: Phosphorescent materials and solutions suitable for their preparation, the solutions comprising a phosphorescence activator and a soluble condensation product capable of further reaction to form an insoluble condensation product, the latter being one that does not absorb ultraviolet radiation in the absorption range of the activator.