Abstract: A wire section in a paper machine includes an upper wire unit which is compact and easily exchangeable, if required, the construction of the wire section being such that old, single-wire planar wire machines can be converted to twin-wire machines. The paper machine wire section includes a lower wire having an initial single-wire run in which dewatering of a web takes place, and at least one upper wire unit following the initial single-wire run which defines a twin-wire dewatering zone with an adjacent run of the lower wire and in which dewatering of the web takes place through both the lower and upper wires. The twin wire dewatering zone is further defined by a curved, solid-cover forming shoe situated within the upper wire loop and wherein the forming shoe is preceded by a curved dewatering zone where dewatering is mainly through the upper wire.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kraft overload recovery process for the treatment of kraft black liquor (b.l.) which comprises acidifying the b.l. with an acid comprising sulfuric acid, separating the lignin therefrom, and further treating the residual b.l. for recovery of inorganics contained therein for use as a source of cooking chemical in kraft cooks.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for delignification of ligno-cellulose containing fiber material comprising mixing an oxygen-containing gas with the cellulose fiber material so as to atomize the gas and form a foam of the gas and the cellulose fiber material, and without an intervening oxidation step, subjecting the foam to upwardly flowing, substantially non-pressurized, alkali extraction. The alkali extraction step is conducted at a temperature of from about 40.degree. to about 80.degree. C. and at a pH, ligno cellulose containing fiber concentration and oxygen containing gas concentration sufficient to provide a bleached, delignified cellulose fiber without bleaching the lignin substance extracted from the material and to suppress lignin condensation reaction during the extraction.

Abstract: An integrated process for recovery of heat and chemical values from spent pulping liquors are disclosed. Novel means for recovering heat values and residual entrained solids from the combustion gases are provided.

Abstract: An improved method for removing malodorous sulfur compounds from flue gases generated in kraft or sodium sulfite pulping operations and the like by the absorption process using green liquor, an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate. The malodorous gas compounds, including hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide are preferentially absorbed by the sodium sulfide forming sodium hydrosulfide and methanol. Any sulfur dioxide in the gas is absorbed and neutralized by sodium carbonate. In this method carbon dioxide absorption is minimized and the formation of sodium bicarbonate is limited. Sodium bicarbonate formation is minimized in order to avoid its reaction with sodium hydrosulfide which would then release undesirable hydrogen sulfide during absorption, as well as to forestall the need to increase chemical and lime kiln capacity requirements when the green liquor returned to the kraft recovery process contains excess amounts of sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: A twin-wire papermaking machine contains a region having two wires guided in mutual contact with one another and at which there is located at least one stock infeed device. The stock infeed device possesses the form of a box or cabinet member having an open side along which move both of the wires. Within the stock infeed device there is located a fibrous stock suspension suitable for the fabrication of paper and which is at an excess pressure in relation to the atmosphere. At the side of the wires facing away from the stock infeed device there can be arranged a suction device.

Abstract: A twin wire former of a paper making machine in which one of the wires is supported on a surface of each of a number of forming shoes longitudinally spaced along the extent of the wires. Each forming shoe has a number of longitudinally spaced grooves in the surface contacted by the one wire, each of the grooves extending in a direction at an angle to the longitudinal direction less than 90.degree., such that scraping pressure applied to the raw material liquid guided between the two wires, by the surface between the grooves is released into the grooves. This arrangement of grooves creates a pressure difference in the raw paper material liquid in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the wires to produce a transverse flow of the raw paper material liquid, thereby reducing the machine-direction to cross-machine-direction ratio of the fibers of the paper being formed.

Abstract: A twin wire papermaking machine which has a multichambered suction dewatering device located over the forming wires downstream from the forming roll. The dewatering device deflects the forming wires into a concave path to aid in formation and dewatering.

Abstract: A procedure for dewatering and detaching a paper web from the second former wire. The composite of first and second wire and interposed web is contacted with a first cover part of a special suction box. A roll guiding the second wire, pressing from the side of the latter deflects its run. This pressure plus centrifugal force, and the differential pressure arising from the suction box, dewater the web. The second wire is separated to follow along with the guide roll, while web and first wire are acted on by the suction box vacuum. The first wire is then contacted with a second cover part of the suction box. A twin-wire former is also disclosed, featuring within its carrying wire loop, on its twin-wire run, a rotating forming roll deflecting the composite of wires and web as it laps a given sector of said forming roll. A special suction box at the ultimate end of the wires has a bipartite cover its parts angulated against each other and preferably planar.

Abstract: Biomass residue is added at the cold end of a rotary calcination kiln to generate heat in situ thereby diminishing substantially the amount of fossil fuel normally fired at the hot end of the kiln.

Abstract: A headbox arrangement for a papermaking machine contains a plurality of headboxes forming a group, these headboxes being arranged either essentially in parallelism with regard to one another or in fan-like or spread apart configuration. Between each two neighboring headboxes there is located a flexible divider, particularly in the form of a foil member, which extends past the outlet gap or slice of the headboxes.

Abstract: A single ply forming fabric for use on a twin wire paper making machine wherein a flat jet stream of pulp is injected between an inner, conveying fabric and an outer, backing fabric converging towards each other for applying opposed pressure to the pulp for removing water therefrom to form a sheet of pulp. The single ply forming fabric of the present invention constitutes the outer, backing fabric and is interwoven with a plurality of monofilament polymeric warp strands with approximately 100% warp fill and monofilament polymeric weft strands extending in the cross-machine direction and disposed in vertically aligned groups of at least three to obtain greater stiffness in the cross-machine direction whereby to substantially redistribute pulp widthwise of the sheet when supported on the conveying fabric.

Abstract: A recovery system for residual liquor from a pulp mill, utilizing a fluidized bed to burn the organic material in the residual liquor and generate heat which may be recovered. Heat preferably from the flue gases is used to dry residual liquor sprayed to pellets extracted from the bed, thereby to provide pellets coated with dried residual liquor. The so coated and dried pellets are then reinjected into the bed and the organic material in the dried residual liquor is burned to generate the heat recovered from the bed.If the residual liquor is from a kraft mill sulfur compounds are in the form of sulfate and must be reduced to sulfide and a reducing stage will also be provided either in the reducing zone in existing conventional kraft system (if capacity is available) or in a separate reducing zone and some of the pellets from the bed may be directed to the reducing zone together with some of the pellets coated with dried residual liquor.

Abstract: A supporting member of the papermaking screen in paper machines is disclosed, which is made with a sintered body consisting essentially of silicon nitride, having a porosity of less than about 0.8% whereby the abrasion loss rate of the papermaking screen is able to be remarkably reduced as compared with the conventional supporting members made of alumina ceramic, as a result of which the useful life of the papermaking screen can be lengthened greatly.

Abstract: Sawdust is mixed with partially concentrated black liquor from pulp manufacture. The sawdust, coated with the solids of the black liquor, is dried by heated air. The sawdust, coated with organic and inorganic black liquor solids, is fed to the hearth of a chemical recovery boiler. Combustion of the char formed on the boiler hearth produces heat which causes additional organic material to pyrolize. The inorganic material combines to form molten smelt. The moisture-laden, heated air from the dryer is introduced into the boiler with the secondary air and the smelt is tapped off into an aqueous solution to form green liquor.

Abstract: In a recovery boiler having a plurality of air inputs, with the primary air input closest to the bed of the boiler, a fuel input, a smelt output, and an exhaust output, a method of controlling the combustion of fuel in the boiler to operate at the maximum reduction efficiency. The method includes the steps of measuring the amount of sulphur dioxide at the exhaust output; and varying the amount of air entering into the boiler through the primary air input until the minimum amount of sulphur dioxide is measured at the exhaust output.

Abstract: A method for recovering ammonia from spent ammonia-base sulfite pulping liquor includes steam stripping spent ammonia and condensing the resulting vapor to produce a dilute ammonia or ammonium hydroxide solution. This dilute solution is passed through a cation exchange column to produce an ammonium sulfite-ammonium bisulfite solution which is delivered to a sulfur dioxide absorption tower to thereby produce a concentrated ammonia-base sulfite cooking liquor. The residual liquor from the stripping step and the non-condensable gases are burned as fuel and the waste gases from this burning, which contain a small percentage of sulfur dioxide, are delivered to the absorption tower and subsequently discharged to the atmosphere free of sulfur dioxide and ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus for the production of a web of fiber by dewatering a suspension of fibrous material between a pair of rotating strips, at least one of which is water permeable, wherein the suspension follows a curved path between the strips. The invention seeks to avoid or at least reduce undesirable pressure gradients along the flow path of the suspension by controlling the radius of curvature of at least one of the strips according to a formula.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a fibrous web between a pair of forming wires. The apparatus includes an imperforate rotatable roll and a pair of liquid permeable forming wires which meet about a portion of the surface of the rotatable roll. Means are provided for delivering a liquid suspension of fibers between the forming wires as the wires are being received about a portion of the rotatable roll. The specific improvement of the present invention is centered around an arcuate imperforate roof conforming to the periphery of the rotatable roll along a limited part of the portion in which the twin wires are forming the sheet, with injection means for injecting pressurized air along the surface of the roof to form an air film therealong. Collector means are provided at the end of the forming portion for collecting liquid expelled from the forming wires during their travel along the portion of the roll.

Abstract: A headbox for paper and pulp machines is pivotally mounted at the ends of a plurality of control links secured to the machine frame and pointing from the machine frame towards a center of rotation in the vicinity of the headbox slice opening. The angular relation and the vertical position of the headbox with respect to a web forming zone are accurately set by controlling the rotation and translation of the respective control links and the headbox thereafter is maintained rigidly fixed in the set position.

Abstract: By imposing pressure pulses on mobile fibers in suspension in paper making stock slurry in the primary drainage area of the forming zone of a roll former substantially uniform distribution of the fibers is effected in forming of the paper web. A device for effecting the pressure pulses is located adjacent to the primary drainage area and may comprise a pressure pulse producing element of selected shape to control the length of the pressure pulse for the particular character of paper making fiber stock slurry involved in the paper web being formed.

Abstract: A former for a paper machine: The paper machine includes a perforated forming cylinder and a suction device for drawing water inward through the perforations. An inner and an outer belt are wrapped around the forming cylinder. The outer belt meets the inner belt at the peripheral surface of the forming cylinder in a generally wedge-shaped inlet slot located at and upstream of the bottom of the forming cylinder. A pulp fiber suspension nozzle of a width that covers the axial length of the forming cylinder injects pulp into the inlet slot. A supporting device is provided at the inlet slot and includes a convexly curved surface, convexly curved around an axis generally parallel to the cylinder axis. The supporting device includes a concavely curved surface that follows the convexly curved surface downstream of the flow of pulp. A suction device communicates with the concavely curved surface beneath the outer belt. The outer belt rides over the convexly curved surface and down onto the concavely curved surface.

Abstract: A twin-wire web forming section in a paper machine includes a lower endless carrying wire which laps a forming roll and an upper endless covering wire which laps at least a part of the portion of the lower carrying wire which laps the forming roll. First and second substantially straight runs of the carrying wire are defined prior and subsequent to the forming roll, respectively, in the direction of travel of the lower endless carrying wire, the first straight run comprising the initial single-wire portion of a web-forming zone. An open-surfaced forming board is operatively associated with the initial single-wire portion. A headbox is disposed at the forward end of the initial single-wire portion, the longitudinal axis of which is substantially aligned with the direction of movement of the initial single-wire portion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a web by injecting a jet of stock between two tensioned wires and running the wires over a circumferentially grooved forming cylinder. The cylinder grooves and a zone immediately on the other side of the wires extending from the forming throat where the web is injected to the web run-off point are in direct, open communication with the ambient atmosphere so that water is drained inwardly and outwardly of the forming cylinder as the web is being formed. The jet stock size, wire speed and wire tension are adjusted in relation to the radius of the forming cylinder so that the inward and outward drainage of liquid from the web occurs in relative amounts sufficient to avoid substantial two-sidedness of the web thus produced.

Abstract: Paper pulp insulation of uniform weight per unit length is formed simultaneously on each of a plurality of advancing electrical conductors (21--21) by the use of a dual zone headbox (23) which cooperates with a forming cylinder (24). In one zone of the headbox, the average velocity of a pulpous mixture flowing in a channel (54) is controlled by a first velocity control member (58) after which the pulpous mixture is split into a plurality of streams to form a pulp ribbon (29) below each of the conductors on the periphery of the forming cylinder. In the other zone, the pulpous mixture is passed through a channel (57) prior to being split into individual streams that are deposited as ribbons (31--31) above the conductors. The average velocity of the pulpous mixture in the channel (57) in the other zone is controlled by a second velocity control member (66) having a plurality of discrete individually adjustable sections which are aligned with the streams.

Abstract: A headbox for a paper machine for manufacturing at least a two-ply fiber web, comprising separate slice channels each connected to a separate source of fiber suspension and forming a slice opening extending across the wires of the paper machine for supplying separate fiber suspension streams upon the wires. The slice chambers are separated from each other by means of division walls each supported at the upstream end by the headbox adjustably in the cross direction with respect to the flow direction of the fiber suspension in the slice channel in order to allow adjustment of the cross sectional areas of said slice channels at the upstream ends of the division walls.

Abstract: A double filter papermaking machine comprising two filters guided over a dewatering cylinder. A first one of the filters contains a linear section or path located in front of the cylinder. A domed dewatering or slide shoe, shorter than such linear section, is arranged ahead of the cylinder. The second filter is equipped with an adjustable guide roll, by means of which it is possible to regulate the contact location of the second filter at the first filter, and specifically, between a location disposed at the starting region of the shoe and a location arranged after the shoe at the dewatering cylinder. A regulation device or regulator can be provided which contains a feeler for sensing the position of the water line at the dewatering cylinder.

Abstract: A two-wire papermaking system for the formation of paper from paper slurry includes a first section where the slurry is maintained under pressure in a condition of minimum pond height under the guidance of a looped lower (bottom) web carrying wire having a single run over a progressive series of independently controlled dewatering boxes immediately prior to passage from the headbox through the adjacent slice and a second section comprising two wires (the said web carrying wire and a looped top or covering wire) facing each other (and between which the forming web is enclosed) and guided conjointlyover a dewatering roll to follow a downwardly curved path while secondary dewatering ensues through the top wire due to centrifugal forces before passage over a suction transfer roll where a first transfer from the bottom (forming) wire to the top wire ensues preparatory to passage over a vacuum transfer box for a second transfer from the top wire to a wet web saturator fabric or a through dryer fabric for delivery o

Abstract: A twin wire web forming machine suitable for making newsprint or slower draining grades of product is provided with a substantially continuously curving S-shaped formation and dewatering path, wherein one of the wires diverges from the web subsequent to passage through a formation zone lying about an arc of a first roll, a suction compartment within a couch roll at the point of wire divergence assuring continued adherence of the web to the remaining wire as it passes around the couch roll. A brake is controlled on the first roll to provide a predetermined value of wire tension.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of forming a continuous fibrous paper web by depositing the stock onto a forming run of a fourdrinier wire while dewatering the stock and collecting water beneath the wire and depositing the stock onto the wire from a spray or flooded area through a distribution wire extending parallel and in closely spaced relation to the forming run of the fourdrinier wire with the distribution wire aiding in the distribution of the stock and random orientation of the fibers and giving the stock a velocity essentially the same as the forming wire to encourage and maintain the random orientation of the fibers as droplets of the stock are deposited on the fourdrinier wire.

Abstract: A method and machine for manufacturing a multilayer paper board which includes an outer web bonded to a base web has the features of initially forming the outer web on a planar section of a single wire where through a suitable structure a first dewatering stage of the web on the single wire is provided, a second dewatering stage being provided by way of a suitable dewatering show subsequent to the first dewatering stage with this second dewatering stage having an initial portion where dewatering takes place simultaneous in opposite directions and a final portion where dewatering takes place only outwardly away from the first wire.

Abstract: A fibrous web is continuously formed between inner and outer endless foraminous forming belts between which stock slurry is fed from a headbox, the belts being held in tension as they wrap a first convexly curved forming run surface from which the outer belt is separated immediately following the forming run, the inner belt carrying the wet web then running over a second convexly curved surface from the offrunning side of which the inner belt is then separated and a porous pickoff belt is pressed by a substantial convex area of an imperforate pickup roll against the wet web on the inner belt, the inner belt being guided to diverge from the pickoff belt commencing at the off-running end of the convex area of contact of the pickup roll and the wet web being forced to adhere to the pickoff belt by the vacuum action of the imperforate surface of the pickup roll. By multiplication of the apparatus a multiply web can be formed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for making a paper web with a traveling fourdrinier wire and a looped mating wire pressed into the fourdrinier wire along a forming run and a headbox with a slice for delivering stock at the head end of the forming run, the mating wire being supported on rotatable rolls fixedly carried on a frame with the frame supported for pivotal shifting movement about an axis at right angles to the plane of the fourdrinier wire so that the entire carrying unit for the mating wire is shifted to cause it to track properly.

Abstract: A machine for manufacturing paper, such as tissue paper, includes a twin-wire former made up of a rotary forming roll and a pair of endless fabrics, each of which may be a wire or felt, lapped around the rotary forming roll to provide twin-wire web formation therewith. At the location where these endless fabrics travel beyond the forming roll they diverge from each other to define between themselves a diverging space where one of the endless fabrics has an upwardly directed surface on which the web is carried beyond the forming roll. This latter endless fabric carries the web to a press section where this latter endless fabric travels with the web through a first press nip of the press section defined between an inner press roll situated within the loop of the latter endless fabric and an outer press roll situated outside of the latter loop.

Abstract: Multi-ply web forming stock jets directed through a slice from a single headbox into a forming zone between converging forming surfaces in a papermaking machine are maintained separated for a sufficient interval after leaving the slice opening to permit drainage and partial ply formation of the stock delivered by one of the stock jets to one of the forming surfaces before the stock in a second of the stock jets joins in fiber felting laminar relation with the contiguous surface of the partially formed ply. Flexible divider sheet members divide the slice chamber of a headbox into separate flow passages aligned respectively with different ones of headbox subchambers to receive streams of the stock from the respective subchambers and maintain the streams separated, and the flexible members extend a substantial distance out of the slice opening in the direction of flow of the stock jets to maintain stock jets separated for a sufficient interval after leaving the slice opening.

Abstract: In a vertical twin-wire paper machine, the initial forming zone is a wedge-shaped zone defined by a small number of deflectors arranged to bring the two wires into pressure engagement with the sheet therebetween and to remove the initial free or rapidly draining water from between the wires as quickly as possible, consistent with good sheet formation with the economical retention of formed components. The two wires and the sheet therebetween travel through a pressure zone which includes a convexly curved intermittent surface and guide rolls arranged to guide the wires from the wedge zone into wrapping engagement with the intermittent surface under tension causing pressure on the sheet and continued extrusion of liquid through one or both wires.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a fibrous sheet, which apparatus comprises a first and a second endless wire for accomplishing a forming zone between mutually converging wires; a feed box with lips forming an outlet opening for feeding fibre suspension into the gap of the forming zone between the wires, the first wire being in an essentially tight contact with the first lip of the feed box, the second wire being in an essentially tight contact with the other lip of the feed box, and on both sides of the forming zone mutually essentially parallel side walls being arranged for tightening both sides of the forming zone against the wires; and rolls for guiding the wires, whereby the second wire is, at least along the sheet forming zone, arranged to run along the surface of a wire cylinder equipped with suction devices, whereby the first wire, which is guided from a breast roll arranged on the opposite side of the feed box relative to the wire cylinder, is, at least along the sheet forming zone, arranged to run carried b

Abstract: The separator of the machine is constructed to retain the paper web on the inner (upper) wire upon separation of the two wires. To this end, the separator positions the roll for the outer (lower) wire downstream of the point of separation of the two wires. A suction box can be used in the separator roll to assist in retaining the paper web on the inner wire (FIG. 1). The inner wire extends from the separator along a straight run which defines an angle of less than 90.degree. relative to the straight path traversed by the two wires upstream of the separator.

Abstract: A paper machine has a wire which transports a web to a detaching location where the web is to be detached from the wire and transported to a press section. A felt travels up to and beyond the detaching location to engage the web at the detaching location and receive the web from the wire while continuing to transport the web, while it adheres to the felt, to the press section. At the detaching location, by way of a structure which preferably is in the form of a suction box, a flow of air is created to travel first through the wire, then through the web, and then through the felt with this flow of air being highly localized so as to travel only through a relatively narrow rectangular area which extends transversely across the felt throughout the entire width thereof as well as the entire width of the web and wire.

Abstract: A paper machine has a pair of endless wire loops respectively having elongated portions which travel together upwardly along a common path where the wire loops form a twin-wire former. This common path has a lower receiving end for receiving pulp stock from which a web is to be formed and an upper discharge end from which a web issues from the twin-wire former while being transported by one of the endless wire loops beyond the discharging end of the common path. A lower forming roll around which the endless wire loops are lapped determines the lower receiving end of the common path as well as an initial portion of the common path along which the wire loops travel together. An upper forming roll is also lapped by the endless wire loop and determines the discharge end of the common path as well as a final portion thereof.

Abstract: An improved low-density papermaking process particularly suited for use in conjunction with twin wire formation style papermaking machines is disclosed. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a foraminous drying/imprinting fabric conventionally utilized to thermally predry a moist paper web is extended to the twin wire formation zone, thereby eliminating one of the conventionally utilized Fourdrinier wire sections. Extension of the drying/imprinting fabric to the formation zone eliminates disturbance of the deflected portions of the paper web which fill the interstices of the drying/imprinting fabric during formation of the web, thus producing unexpected improvements in finished product bulk and absorptive capacity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously forming a fibrous web in which a fibrous suspension is injected into a tapered throat formed by two running wires pervious to the suspension and converging to the periphery of an impermeable roll; the wires and the injected suspension therebetween are transported over a portion of the periphery of the roll under tension to form and dewater the injected suspension; as the wires run off the forming and dewatering roll, the web is sucked loose from the outer wire and it and the wires are transported over a convexly curved surface under tension; and the web is separated from the outer wire by off-running in the direction away from the convexly curved surface while the inner wire runs off that surface with the web, the convexly curved surface being impermeable at least at the wire separation location.

Abstract: A paper machine wherein a pick-up roll or felt are eliminated. A pair of endless fabrics and forming rolls cooperating therewith provide with the pair of endless fabrics an ascending twin-wire former and in advance of the twin-wire former a single-wire former. One of these endless fabrics has an upper run extending laterally from the twin-wire former and carries the web formed at the twin-wire former beyond the latter on an upper surface of this upper run. A pair of press rolls include lower and upper press rolls which define a first press nip through which the above upper run travels together with an endless felt which is lapped around the upper press roll so that this endless felt and the above upper run are sandwiched between the press rolls with the web travelling beyond the first press nip together with the endless felt around part of the upper press roll.

Abstract: A paper machine, particularly adapted for manufacturing tissue paper, has inner and outer endless fabrics, each in the form of a wire or felt, guided around a smooth forming roll where the inner fabric is situated next to the forming roll between the latter and the outer fabric to define at the forming roll a curved twin-wire former. The outer fabric has an elongated portion situated in advance of the twin-wire former and spaced from the inner fabric to form a single-wire former which receives stock from a headbox and with which a suitable dewatering structure cooperates so that a considerable amount of water has been removed from the web forming on the single-wire former by the time the web reaches the twin-wire former. At the end of the twin-wire former distant from the single-wire former, the inner and outer fabrics are separated from each other and the web is transferred to the inner fabric by way of the normal table roll effect between the inner fabric and the smooth forming roll.

Abstract: A technique for forming single or multi-layer sheets of fibrous material having a controllable fiber distribution is described. A pair of spraying rollers each having a system of circumferentially spaced radial vanes on its surface are supported within the upper portion of a working zone defined between a pair of continually advancing, downwardly converging sieves that are disposed symmetrical to a longitudinal axis. The rollers are rotated in respectively opposite directions to intercept at least one fibrous suspension downwardly directed into the working zone, and to thereafter propel the intercepted liquid outwardly and downwardly toward the sides of the working zone in symmetrical fashion. The fibrous layers thus built up on the advancing sieves converge into the final sheet in the lower portion of the working zone. Separate facilities are associated with the upper and lower portions of the working zone for drawing liquid from the formed layers outwardly through the sieves.

Abstract: A web pickup and drying apparatus in a papermaking machine for producing a high bulk paper tissue web while carrying the web throughout its travel from pickup off the forming wire through the drying stages on the surface of a fabric, felt or dryer roll. After pickup, the web is first subjected to a thru-air (transpiration) dryer from which it is applied to the surface of a large diameter dryer roll. There is no conventional press section to reduce bulk before the web is dry.

Abstract: A paper machine which has a dewatering system accordng to which during web formation as dewatering progresses the dewatering pressure increases. The stock from a headbox is initially delivered to a single liquid-pervious web-carrying element. As the latter travels away from the headbox with the stock received therefrom it meets a web-pressing element which together with the web-carrying element forms a twin-wire type of construction with the web being compressed between these elements as they travel along a common path. While these elements travel along a common path they are guided by structure which provides for increasing pressure on the web between the elements so that as dewatering progresses the pressure on the web between the elements increases. In this way it is possible to avoid an initial undesirably violent dewatering of the web during an initial phase in the formation thereof. As the above elements travel along their common path the direction of travel thereof preferably is reversed.

Abstract: A paper making machine including a hollow cylinder rotatable in a predetermined direction having a porous surface, a mesh wrapped around the cylinder, an outer band partially surrounding the cylinder and together with the mesh forming an inlet aperture, a nozzle for spraying suspended matter into the aperture, and a housing formed with a plurality of chambers disposed and open on a side facing the cylinder surrounded by the outer band, successive chambers in the direction of operative rotation of the cylinder being increasingly pressurized, the entire inner surface of the cylinder being subjected to a uniform pressure smaller than the pressure exerted on the part thereof surrounded by the outer band.

Abstract: A curved deflector for intercepting high velocity sprays of liquids thrown from a moving member has holes formed in the portion of the deflector remote from the member for permitting substantially all liquid collected by the deflector to pass through the holes and in so doing be substantially slowed in velocity, thereby substantially eliminating aeration from splashing and considerably reducing noise.

Abstract: The paper making machine is of compact construction and uses a suction roll as a guide roll for the felt web to aid in removing the paper web from the wire to the felt web and to press the felt web and paper web against the drying roll to aid in transferring the paper web to the drying roll. Secondary pressure rolls may also be used downstream of the suction roll for dewatering purposes. Also, a blower means is used to assist transfer of the paper web from the wire to the felt web.