Abstract: A foundry installation designed for the fabrication of metal parts with an riented structure, the installation being of a type comprising a casting chamber communicating with a lock for the introduction and extraction of a mold, via a first opening sealable by a first airtight gate apparatus for casting and for cooling the mold placed in the chamber.In accordance with the invention, the installation includes, in addition, a mold preheating and degassing chamber communicating with the lock via a second opening sealable by a second airtight gate.

Abstract: Process for casting billets with the metal alloy being in the liquid or paste-like state, which process consists of pouring the liquid alloy into a casting tank, then transferring it, by means of an electromagnetic-induction pump, to a mixer-cooler, preferably of static type, so as to obtain at the outlet of the latter an alloy in the semi-liquid state, and finally feeding said alloy directly to a traditional system for billet casting.

Abstract: The graphite wall of a mould for casting a metallurgical product includes a holder frame, a plurality of vertically disposed graphite blocks having vertical bores therein, upper and lower fixing members for fixing each of the graphite blocks in a vertical position on the frame holder. The graphite wall also includes cooling elements for introducing a cooling fluid into the bores. The lower fixing member of each graphite block forms a collector for the cooling fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing metal shot includes pans having rows of apertures in the bottom walls thereof, a deflector member for each row of openings vertically underlying the corresponding row of openings and having a planar surface disposed at an angle to horizontal, and an inclined conveyor spaced below the deflector members. The pans and the deflector members and conveyor are vibrated, and the deflector members are cooled. Molten metal is placed in the pans, and vibration of the pans causes the molten metal flow downwardly through the openings therein to be interrupted, whereby droplets fall from the openings onto the corresponding deflector member. The descent of the droplets through air and the impingement of the droplets on the cooled deflector members cool and solidify the droplets. The droplets are somewhat flattened by impingement against the deflector members and are deflected laterally therefrom and fall downwardly onto the conveyor.

Abstract: The spacer comprises a body made from a single piece of metal of hollow form having a U-shaped transverse section. The concave part of this section faces towards the rear and the front face of the hollow body correspondiung to the base of the U forms the moulding wall of the spacer. A bent metal inner sleeve provides a free space of small thickness which has a U-shaped cross-section in which circulating water cools the moulding wall over its entire length. The space also comprises lateral parts in contact with the lateral walls of the hollow body.

Abstract: The frame of a mould comprises at least one rigid transverse structure element disposed in a zone which is substantially distant from the ends of the frame. The transverse element comprises two end parts between which are disposed support beams of the lateral moulding walls. Jacks each fixed on an end bearing part of the structure element are connected via their movable rod to the beam in zones which are distant from the longitudinal ends of the beam. The jacks make it possible to achieve both the displacement of the walls between their opening and closing positions and the clamping of the mould. Restriction of the clamping stresses is provided by the structure element. The bending moment of the beams remains low since the points of application of the stresses on the beams are distant from the ends of these beams and chosen as a function of the clamping conditions of the mould.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thick-walled container casting of a cast iron with a spheroidal graphite comprises forming an inflexible mold spaced between an inner cylindrical dead mold core and an outer mold arranged over the dead mold core, filling the mold space through a gate from an end thereof while cooling particularly the inner mold surface of the mold ajacent the dead mold over the amount of a cooling of a usual sand casting, and dimensioning the gate so that the cast iron solidifies in the gate before the eutectic solidification of the casting sets in. The device comprises an inner cylindrical dead bolt core which has a bottom end and a closed top end and an outer cylindrical mold positioned over the inner core with its top spaced from the top end of the inner dead mold core. The bottom open ends of the inner and outer cylindrical molds are closed by means which define a mold filling closure having a gate dimensioned so that the filling of the mold will effect first the solidification in the gates.

Abstract: A mold used in centrifuge casting is cooled by taking advantage of inherent characteristics of the centrifugal casting process, and in particular the shape of the remaining sprue. The sprue has a conical profile and a conical depression formed by a vortex which results from the spinning mold. The cooling apparatus comprises a housing and plunger which engage the surface of the sprue and draw heat from the mold. Thermal conduction from the hot metal through the runners and sprue to the cooling head allows a mold to cool faster than traditional methods.

Abstract: A vacuum countergravity casting apparatus includes a vacuum chamber having a thermally conductive peripheral wall and a gas permeable mold sealed to the lower end of the peripheral wall by an elastomeric sealing gasket engaged therebetween. The peripheral wall is cooled at a location above and remote from the sealing gasket and an underlying molten metal pool when the mold is immersed in the pool during casting to maintain, by thermal conduction through the peripheral wall, the sealing gasket at a temperature to reduce thermal degradation thereof during casting; e.g., at a temperature below the gasket's thermal degradation temperature. Reduced thermal degradation of the sealing gasket during casting prolongs its useful life in casting successive molds.

Abstract: A mold suitable for casting therein molten metal or other molten materials wherein the mold includes a heat exchange surface, the mold includes means for providing a flow of coolant liquid to remove heat from the heat exchange surface by formation of nucleate vapor bubbles on the heat exchange surface, the liquid tending to include a viscous sublayer adjacent to the heat exchange surface, the improvement wherein the heat exchange surface includes at least one of: means for forming pressure gradients in the liquid having a component perpendicular to the heat exchange surface to facilitate removal of the nucleate bubbles; and means for breaking up the viscous sublayer to facilitate removal of the nucleate bubbles, and wherein the heat exchange surface comprises a series of concave curved surfaces and wherein septum members with corresponding curved surfaces, which may be split to permit positioning into close proximity to the heat exchange surface to provide desired coolant flow characteristics over the surface

Abstract: Molten metal is poured in an open top basin that communicates via a sprue with a cavity or expendable pattern in a mold to fill the cavity and partially fill the basin. After the casting metal has solidified through the gating that connects the sprue to the cavity, a tapered heat transfer member is introduced into the molten metal in the basin. A cooling medium is passed through the heat transfer member to extract heat from the metal in the basin and correspondingly cool the metal casting, thereby decreasing the cooling period prior to shakeout.

Abstract: This invention relates to a die casting machine in which high pressure is applied to molten metal to inject and fill the molten metal all over the mold before the molten metal is solidified to continuously mold molded articles (products), which have a beautiful casting surface and a high dimensional precision, every cycle of the machine. One or both of a fixed mold or a movable mold, which serves as a molding mold, and a core incorporated into one or both the molds are formed of high strength ceramics, and in addition, a movable hob for pressurizing molten metal injected and filled into both the fixed and movable molds is formed of high strength ceramics thereby providing a mold construction which is excellent in mechanical characteristics such as strength, hardness, breaking toughness and the like and having durability and pressure resistance enough to withstand high temperature thermal shock and high pressure, and being capable of easily controlling the temperature distribution within the mold.

Abstract: This invention concerns an improvement in a molding die for use in casting in which a metal article is molded by charging a molten metal to the inside of a molding die comprising paired male and female dies, and then cooling the temperature of the molten metal to a solidification region and a solidification range where the solid phase and the liquid phase are present together, wherein one or both of paired male and female dies constituting the molding die equipped retractably with a pressurizing insert for applying the pressure to the molten metal charged to the molding die is made of ceramics thereby obtaining a molding die that can facilitate the control for the temperature distribution over the entire molding die, particularly, within the molding die upon cooling to solidify the molten metal, as well as having sufficient strength such as thermal shock resistance, shock resistance and durability enabling to mold a high temperature metal article by solidifying the high temperature molten metal of about 600.

Abstract: A device, configured as a double mold, for casting terminal bars (straps) and terminal poles onto the lugs of a completely assembled plate group for electric storage batteries ensures optimum attachment of all of the lugs (both polarities) to the molten bar lead if the heat exchange between the bar lead and the dipped volume of each negative or positive lug is identical. This requirement is met by causing the negative and positive casting molds, together with their contents, to form thermally equivalent sections or blocks, which are equalized if necessary, by changing the dimensions (thickness) of the mold's walls. When the lugs are made of lead or a lead alloy, such a double mold also makes it possible, during a subsequent two-stage cooling process, to first allow the terminal poles to solidify, simultaneously, and to then allow the terminal bars to solidify, simultaneously.

Abstract: Hollow metal ingots are produced by a hollow metal manufacturing apparatus comprising a mold placed on a stool, and a cylindrical metallic cooling core placed in the mold to form an annular casting space therebetween. During the casting, a cooling fluid is directly blown upon the inner surface of the core while the cylindrical metallic core is allowed to be buckled. The cooling core is constituted by an outermost metallic cylinder to be brought into contact with a molten metal, a cylindrical lattice-fashioned buckling-adjusting frame positioned in the metallic cylinder and provides passages through which the cooling fluid is passed, and a cooling fluid vessel which is positioned inside the buckling-adjusting frame and is provided with a number of cooling fluid blowing nozzles.

Abstract: A die casting machine in which a rotary table, mounted with a plurality of die open and close units each holding a die, is sequentially brought into association with a plurality of work stations. The die is clamped in two steps, that is, a regular die clamping and a temporary die clamping. The regular die clamping is carried out by applying the regular clamping force required by a particular injection step. The temporary die clamping is carried out by applying a clamping force which is smaller than the regular clamping force. Consequently, this die casting machine can greatly reduce the time required for the casting cycle for each product, thus providing remarkably improved productivity. Preferably, a metal cooling apparatus suitable for a rotary die casting machine may be further provided.

Abstract: A static casting mold for hollow cast product with bottom comprising a top lid, a core and an outer mold section, the core being attached to the top lid and disposed inside the outer mold section. The outer mold section includes a lateral mold section and a lower mold section. The lateral mold section is formed at its inner peripheral wall portion with a composite cooling section by stacking chiller blocks and interposing therebetween refractory sands and at its outer wall portion with refractory sands. Cooling pipes includes a first and second pipes. A first pipe extends longitudinally through the refractory sands at the outer wall portion and a second pipe extends longitudinally through the inner wall portion in contact with at least a part of each of the chiller blocks, the first and second pipes being connected at their lower portions through the bend portion. The chiller blocks are cooled by water flowing in the second pipes.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus comprising a graphite die having an opening therethrough which has an elongated cross section and a cooler body surrounding and supporting the die. The cooler body or graphite die has a plurality of axially extending coolant passages in transversely spaced relation along each of the long sides of the elongated opening. Each coolant passage has an inlet end and an outlet end and the length of the coolant passages decreases progressively from the passage nearest the center to the end of the elongated openings.

Abstract: Plural mold cavity defining mold block with particular arrangement of bored and plugged conduits for heat transfer fluid. The molds being particularly useful in blow-molding.

Abstract: High casting rates and consistently precise dimensions of lead and lead alloy projectiles are obtained with an ingot mold comprising two like ingot mold halves having abutting sides and upper and lower sides extending outwardly therefrom, the abutting mold half sides defining like cavity halves open towards the upper sides of the mold halves and forming a mold cavity for casting the projectile. Each mold half consists essentially of a first part of a metal having a high wettability for the lead or lead alloy being cast, the first metal parts of the mold halves defining the mold cavity, and a second part of a metal having a higher thermal conductivity than the first metal part, the second metal part being in heat conducting contact with the first part.

Abstract: In a forcibly cooled casting apparatus including a lower surface plate and an upper cooling plate covering the lower surface plate with a casting mold therebetween, a plurality of tube members extend through the casting mold and having a lower end supported on a receiving base of the surface plate and an upper end received in a positioning hole of the cooling plate. A sleeve provided on the cooling plate supports a protection case within which extends a cooling nozzle which passes through the cooling plate. The cooling nozzle is connected to a source of cooling fluid and has a tapered tip which fits in the upper end of the tube member so that cooling fluid can flow through the tube member. A spring compressed within the protection case biases the cooling nozzle into fluid tight contact with the tube member. A detector is provided for detecting improper positioning of the cooling nozzle.

Abstract: A forced cooling casting apparatus has a loop track for guiding a stool having a lower mold fitted thereto and having a punch-out portion. A plurality of stations are sequentially disposed on the loop track for effecting the steps of cleaning the lower mold, arranging an upper mold, inserting tubular members for cooling, setting a cooling plate having a plurality of cooling nozzles for passing a cooling medium through the tubular members, pouring a molten metal, effecting cooling in several stages, removing the cooling plate and taking out the resulting casting. A cooling medium tube communicates with the cooling nozzles, having a coupler and disposed on the cooling plate. A cooling medium feeder is connected to the coupler and/or a cooling medium jet device for cooling the lower mold, and is disposed at each of the cooling stations.

Abstract: A lower mold made of a metal mold is disposed on a stool and an upper mold consisting of a sand mold is guided and fitted to the lower mold in such a manner as to define a cavity for a product. Tubular members are disposed at several positions in such a manner as to penetrate through the upper and lower molds and the cavity. A cooling plate equipped with cooling nozzles fitting to the projecting ends of the tubular members from the upper mold is disposed in such a manner as to clamp the upper and lower molds between it and the stool. The cooling nozzles are communicated with a cooling medium tube disposed on the cooling plate so that a cooling medium supplied to the cooling medium tube is uniformly distributed to the cooling nozzles.

Abstract: Graphite mold blocks with liquid coolant sprays located in bores extending through the blocks. A sleeve for retarding the cooling of the mold adjacent the spray entrance ends of the bores serves to reduce the temperature differential along the height of the block.

Abstract: A continuous casting chill mold, for the continuous casting of metals, particularly of steel, comprises a water-cooled interior section and an outer jacket section which avoids the problems associated with the machining of the cooling channels and at the same time reduces wastage, in that the interior section is produced by chipless (i.e. non-machining) production methods as a thin-walled sleeve having a dense microstructure, the interior section is surrounded by a coiled cooling pipe which, together with the interior section, is positively materially bonded to the outer jacket section consisting of copper applied by casting techniques. Neither in the cooling zone nor in the wall region of the mold cavity is there any risk of cutting into pores or pipes because all chip-removing machining is dispensed with.

Abstract: A tubular mold is included in a coolant container there being a tubular guide sheet arranged around the mold at a certain distance therefrom, the coolant flows through the gap between the mold and the guide sheet; as specific improvement the upper portion of the mold has grooves cut into the outside to be flown though by water offering therefore a relatively enlarged cooling surface as compared with the remainder of the configuration of the mold underneath, the guide sheet has a radially inward extension such that water is forced into and through the grooves; these grooves are provided in the area in which the liquid bath level is expected to occur in the mold.

Abstract: This invention relates to a two-way cooling pipe for cooling a die or mold which is used for die casting or a similar forming process. This pipe is a hollow pipe, the interior of which is divided axially by a baffle which provides a forward channel and a backward channel for the cooling water to pass. Cooling of the die is achieved by feeding cooling water to the inside of the die from the forward channel in the cooling pipe which has been inserted in the die from the back thereof, and then removing the cooling water through the backward channel of the cooling pipe.

Abstract: An inclining molten metal charging apparatus for forced cooling casting which includes a fixed frame; an inclining frame pivotally supported by the fixed frame and reciprocatingly inclined at a predetermined angle; a stool having positioned on and fitted thereon a casting mold, a plurality chillers used for directional solidification and a tubular member internally chilled as a functional component such as a bolt fastening hole in a resulting casting; a stool support mechanism for carrying the stool into and out from a space defined by the inclining frame; a clamp mechanism for having a function of clamping the stool at a predetermined position inside the space, and equipped with a push member for pushing the casting mold to the stool when the clamp mechanism effects clamping; a molten metal vessel receiving a molten metal at the end of the forward stroke of the inclining frame and completing the charge of the molten metal into the casting mold at the end of the returning stroke; a cooling nozzle fitted to th

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus comprising a cooler body surrounding a graphite die. Alternatively, the cooler body itself defines the opening through which molten metal is passed. The cooler body has a plurality of integral grooves on an outer surface thereof defining ribs, and a shell or a plate encloses the grooves to define axial passages. The ribs have longitudinally spaced recesses in the form of semicircles on the edge of the ribs and indentations greater than the depth of the rib, whereby coolant moving along the axial passages is subjected to a turbulent flow. The coolant moving along the ribs enters the recesses and indentations and expands from the heat and is forced out to provide a continuous agitation of the coolant flow changing the speed of the moving coolant along the ribs for better heat transfer from the cooler body to coolant liquid.

Abstract: A die casting metal hald mold comprising a front wall incorporating a die casting area, side walls extending rearwardly from the front wall, a backing member closing the base of said side walls, means to fasten the backing member to the bottom of said side walls, the front wall, side walls and backing member forming a high pressure heat exchange cavity, a valve for introducing fluid under pressure into said high pressure heat exchange cavity and a valve for releasing gas under pressure from said high pressure heat exchange cavity.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a hollow steel ingot are disclosed, which comprise coaxially arranging a cylindrical metallic core in a center of a mold and pouring molten steel into an annular casting space defined between the core and the mold to cool and solidify it. In this case, the core is constructed with a concentric double tube consisting of inner tube and outer tube and receives in its central portion a cooling gas tank provided at the outer peripheral surface with plural outlets opening toward the inner peripheral surface of the inner tube. An inert gas is flowed through an annular gap defined between the inner tube and the outer tube, while a cooling gas is blown toward the inner peripheral surface of the inner tube.

Abstract: In a plunger for a cold chamber casting machine a mouth piece is positioned and held by only three small holding elements equally spaced in peripheral direction and fastened at plunger components. A cooling liquid pipe extends into the plunger. Between the front wall and the back wall of the plunger and the mouth piece, endside flow chambers are formed respectively communicating with the annular flow chamber formed between the plunger casing and the mouth piece along the whole circumference. Therefore the inside faces of the plunger end walls are completely accessible to cooling liquid and the plunger end walls are effectively cooled.

Abstract: One or more top-opening mold cavity defining members are supported in the chamber of a coolant box adapted for the flow of liquid coolant therethrough about the members. Each member is supported in a telescoping assembly in which the top opening of the member is co-axial with an opening in the top of the chamber to enable molten metal to be introduced to the cavity of the member through the respective top openings of the chamber and the member. Moreover, each member has a greater outer peripheral diameter transverse the axis than the top opening of the chamber, and is engaged with the top of the chamber about the opening thereof in a first horizontal plane of the box. The member is also engaged with the defining surfaces of the chamber in a second horizontal plane of the box spaced below the aforesaid first horizontal plane of the box by a vertical gap.

Abstract: The apparatus for spraying a mixture of a propellant and a cooling agent onto a continuously cast strand, especially slabs, comprises guide means for the cooling agent including a spray nozzle, having a nozzle opening at the front side thereof in order to improve the cooling agent distribution. A narrow mixing chamber flow communicates with the spray nozzle and opens transversely with respect to the strand and with the formation of an angle. The spray nozzle opens approximately at the apex region of the mixing chamber. The cooling agent is discharged as a spray jet from the spray nozzle and gaseous propellant is conducted from a number of sides at an acute angle to the direction of the spray jet.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling the molten metal in a mold in order to cause directional solidification. The apparatus includes a pipe extending into a mold cavity, which is defined by a space between mold pieces, with cooling fluid flowing therethrough.

Abstract: A die casting system comprises a machine of the balanced, dual movement type wherein the part is cast and trimmed without any lateral movement. Both halves of the molds or dies are moved equal distances to and from the part plane. The machine incorporates a system of metal injection on the mold parting line with a runner-drain provision; provision for supporting the part at a plurality of points after the die opening; hydraulic fluid volumetric flow reduction; various nozzle configuration options and a heat transfer system for the dies. In addition, a part trimming machine is disclosed together with a cable transfer for moving the part from the casting machine to the trimming machine.

Abstract: A hot chamber die casting machine employing a substantially horizontally arranged charging cylinder and piston. The piston employs a charging head, a sealing head and a rigid member therebetween. The device is arranged to allow access to the piston for changing rings and the like without substantial loss of material from the pot. A safety cover is provided with doors which do not remain open without external support. A cooling system is shown to reduce the temperature of the seal at the open end of the cylinder so that the material within the pot will partially or completely solidify to form an improved seal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a centrifugal casting unit, in which a casting mold has a central distributing pan into which melts, produced inductively, are introduced. The casting unit includes workpiece-molds for precision castings, arranged on the periphery of the distributing pan. The casting unit rotates on a rotating plate in a vessel which can be evacuated. The operations which are required for a working cycle, i.e., the opening and closing of the evacuable vessel, the control of the melting and casting operations etc., are accomplished mechanically, hydraulically, and under electrical control in a fully automatic manner.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the invention provide a rotatable casting wheel having an outer peripheral quench surface and an interior, annular coolant chamber. A wheel hub has a concentric axis of rotation, and two spaced-apart, annular, radially extending side members connected thereto and located concentric therewith delimit the side walls of the wheel and the coolant chamber. A cylindrical, axially extending wheel rim member is connected between the peripheral circumferential edges of the side members to provide the wheel quench surface and delimit the peripheral, circumferential wall of the coolant chamber. The rim has a frusta-conical inner surface that is sloped radially outward along the intended direction of coolant flow. A flow director located within the coolant chamber is comprised of at least one annular, radially extending support member and a cylindrical, axially extending flange member connected to the support member.

Abstract: A thin walled chill mould is provided with several cooling chambers by which the intensity of cooling can be varied during casting. During pouring, cooling of the lowermost chamber is commenced first and with low intensity. As filling continues, cooling by the other cooling chambers is commenced successively and at increasing intensities. After filling is complete, cooling is continued at these different intensities until the mould has been closed and tilted to the horizontal. Thereafter cooling is continued at maximum intensity in all chambers while the mould is rotated about its longitudinal axis. The method and the chill mould are provided particularly for the manufacture of long, slender ingots, billets or the like, particularly for the manufacture of seamless tubes. Corresponding control of the cooling operation avoids fissures and facilitates ejection of the ingot from the chill mould.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for casting a material comprising a coolant application device comprising a fluidized bed coolant system. The casting is carried out utilizing a casting mold which defines a casting zone. A soundwave generating system is provided for enhancing the flow of the fluidized bed into the vicinity of the casting zone.

Abstract: For casting bridges having cell connecting flanges or and poles, respectiy, formed thereon or on the connecting lugs of lead storage battery grids use is made of molds in which mold troughs for liquid lead are developed. In order to increase the life, reduce the heating time and produce a crack-free connection of the grid lugs with the cell connecting flanges, the mold troughs of the mold are developed as individual mold segments which can be separated from each other and are assembled in a segment holder to form the entire mold. The individual mold segments can in particular for this be provided with a heat insulation for the mold trough.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming metal articles, such as rods and tubes by aspiration casting is provided in which a hollow frangible mold, such as a glass tube, is immersed at one end in a molten metal bath, a vacuum is applied to the other end controlled with respect to temperature of the molten metal so as to substantially fill the mold with a minimum of turbulence, the filled mold is withdrawn from the metal and the frangible mold is shattered to remove it from the metal article formed within.

Abstract: An apparatus is set forth for the continuous production of highly cooled metal splats. Melted metal is poured onto a spinning atomization disc means whereby liquid metal droplets leave the disc means in a horizontal plane. An annular cooling gas jet flowing normal to the particle plane around the disc deflects the heavier liquid droplets to a conical splat plate which is fixed to rotate with said disc, where the droplets splat and cool, and are ejected by centrifugal force. An annular space is located between said conical splat plate and said rotary atomization means for permitting the gas and other solidified particles to pass downwardly to a shield which directs the particles to a collection area.

Abstract: A mold plate for molds for the continuous casting of metals comprising a copper plate provided on one side with a number of grooves; a bar of plastics material inserted in each of said grooves, with a side clearance so as to define between its outer periphery and the inner periphery of the groove a flow passage for the refrigerating water of reduced flow section with respect to the section of said groove; a metallic closure list in said groove above said bar, so as to firmly maintain said bar in place in said groove, and means for sealingly securing said closure list to said mold plate.

Abstract: A die casting system comprises a machine of the balanced, dual movement type wherein the part is cast and trimmed without any lateral movement. Both halves of the molds or dies are moved equal distances to and from the part plane. The machine incorporates a system of metal injection on the mold parting line with a runner-drain provision; provision for supporting the part at a plurality of points after the die opening; hydraulic fluid volumetric flow reduction; various nozzle configuration options and a heat transfer system for the dies. In addition, a part trimming machine is disclosed together with a cable transfer for moving the part from the casting machine to the trimming machine.

Abstract: Die castings are made from metal compositions that are fully liquid or as a preferred embodiment contain between about 10 and 85 weight percent degenerate dendrites. The composition is injected into the cavity of a die at a mean die temperature which is as near to ambient temperature as possible and usually less than about 400.degree. F. The die is formed of a material having a thermal diffusivity of at least about 0.5 cm.sup.2 /sec. The castings are ejected and the die surface is sprayed with a liquid to bring the die surface temperature back to the mean die temperature or below in the shortest possible time. The time between injection and ejection is less than about 1 minute and the time between ejection and spraying is less than about 30 seconds.

Abstract: A composite mold construction for casting on the connector straps, posts, and terminals for lead acid electrical storage batteries wherein the mold cavity areas are alternately heated by direct flame on one face and then chilled by a coolant on their opposite face to freeze metal in the cavities without freezing molten metal flowing in adjacent flow channels. A plurality of mold cavity partition inserts are arranged to be interchangeable in the main mold assembly to enable a single mold assembly to be utilized for several arrangements of battery cells, strappings, and terminals. Thermal distortion of the mating parts is minimized to maintain the junctions between the insert and frame free of leaks by surface geometries which provide broad surfaces of contact drawn together by bolts securing the relatively thin inserts by tapped bores in the more massive primary portions of the mold assembly.

Abstract: In casting of a cast-iron ingot mould in a sand mould, it is proposed to inject air into the moulding sand adjacent the lower end of the ingot mould, after the ingot mould surface has solidified. The injected air causes conversion of the perlite at the interior surface of the ingot mould into ferrite. This improves the resistance of this surface region to corrosion during casting of ingots in the ingot mould, thus prolonging the life of the ingot mould.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for casting a metal article in a mold at least as long as the article, utilizing a cooled mold of elongated form having top and bottom portions. The method includes the steps of introducing molten metal from a source through the bottom portion of the mold, flowing molten metal into the mold so as to form a solidifying casting shell which .Iadd.a .Iaddend.during casting occupies at least 40% of the cross-sectional mold area and .Iadd.a .Iaddend.has a molten core, and flowing molten metal from the source through the core towards the mold top .Iadd.at a filling rate, dependent on the mold cross sectional area, such that the product produced will have a relatively fine grained structure throughout the cross-section thereof.Iaddend..