Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a flexible layer stack, and to a flexible layer stack. Implementations of the present disclosure particularly relate to a method and apparatus for coating flexible substrates with a low melting temperature metal or metal alloy. In one implementation, a method is provided. The method includes delivering a transfer liquid to a quenching surface of a rotating casting drum. The method further includes forming a material layer stack over the rotating casting drum by delivering a molten metal or molten metal alloy toward the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum. The method further includes transferring the material layer stack from the rotating casting drum to a continuous flexible substrate, wherein the quenching surface of the rotating casting drum is cooled to a temperature at which the layers of the material layer stack solidify.

Abstract: A strip casting apparatus having a roll shell with a nitrided inner diameter surface mounted on a steel core and method of manufacturing the same. The inner diameter of a steel roll shell may be nitrided by ion or plasma nitriding. The nitriding process can form tight, crack free nitride layer that provides a corrosion resistant barrier and exhibits a surface hardness that is greater than the surface hardness of the steel core and that improves galling resistance while maintaining efficient heat transfer of the roll shell. After nitriding, the roll shell can be shrink fit over a steel core.

Abstract: A computer determines a thickness and/or a temperature of a metal strip. The computer determines the temperatures occurring along a respective rotation part of the respective surface elements of the rotary elements and a rotary element shape which forms in the region of a draw-off point on the respective surface element, by a respective rotary element model and using an exchanged enthalpy quantity, the respective contact time with a metal and a respective cycle time exchanged per time unit of a respective rotary element of a casting device with the environment thereof. The temperature of the metal situated in the die region, and the heat flow from the metal to the respective surface element, are determined by a respective metallurgical solidification model and using a metal temperature, the temperatures of the surface elements, the rotary element shape and characteristic metal values.

Abstract: Provided is a continuous casting method of a silicon ingot for continuously casting the silicon ingot by arranging, inside an induction coil, a bottomless cold crucible having a part along an axial direction that is circumferentially divided into a plurality of strip elements, forming molten silicon inside the cold crucible through electromagnetic induction heating by the induction coil, and solidifying the molten silicon while pulling it down from the cold crucible, wherein as the cold crucible, used is a cold crucible with Ni—B alloy plating on a portion in the inner surface thereof that faces the outer side surface of the molten silicon and the outer surface of the silicon ingot. The method can reduce the damage to the inner surface of the cold crucible, in addition to the contamination of cast ingots with impurities.

Abstract: There are provided a casting roll of a twin-roll strip caster and a method for manufacturing a high-nitrogen duplex stainless steel strip having no dimple. The casting roll has an average roughness Ra of 10 ?m to 30 ?m, and diagonal fine grooves having a width of 50 ?m to 500 ?m, an interval of 100 ?m to 1000 ?m, and a depth of 50 ?m to 200 ?m are formed in the casting roll. The diagonal fine grooves are symmetrically intersecting each other at an angle of 30° to 70° with respect to circumferential direction of the casting roll.

Abstract: A computer determines a thickness and/or a temperature of a metal strip. The computer determines the temperatures occurring along a respective rotation part of the respective surface elements of the rotary elements and a rotary element shape which forms in the region of a draw-off point on the respective surface element, by a respective rotary element model and using an exchanged enthalpy quantity, the respective contact time with a metal and a respective cycle time exchanged per time unit of a respective rotary element of a casting device with the environment thereof. The temperature of the metal situated in the die region, and the heat flow from the metal to the respective surface element, are determined by a respective metallurgical solidification model and using a metal temperature, the temperatures of the surface elements, the rotary element shape and characteristic metal values.

Abstract: Plant for forming grids for electric battery plates, which comprises a grid forming machine with continuous casting provided with a rotary drum, and a sliding block mounted fixed and slideably sealingly coupled with the external surface of the rotary drum and provided with means for distributing molten lead, in order to insert the molten lead within grooves provided on the external peripheral surface of the rotary drum during the rotation of the latter. The plant is also provided with an ultrasound generator placed to intercept a feed duct for the molten lead, connected to the distribution means and provided with at least one tip immersed in the pressurized flow of molten lead that moves through the aforesaid feed duct in order to transmit the waves produced by the ultrasound generator to the molten lead flow.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thin metal strip by pouring and rapidly solidifying molten metal onto a cooling roll rotating at a high speed to form a thin metal strip having a width of 50˜350 mm, blowing compression gas from substantially a tangential direction of the cooling roll toward the thin metal strip to separate the thin metal strip from the cooling roll, adsorbing the separated thin metal strip with a permeable belt of a suction type belt conveyor, and transporting to a take-up reel to wind in form of a coil, the thin metal strip is adsorbed by the belt under conditions that a nearest approaching distance L between the cooling roll and the suction type belt conveyor is 2·50 mm and a suction width S of a suction box arranged in the suction type belt conveyor is 1.2·2.5 times of a width W of the thin metal strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides a casting roll of a twin-roll strip caster, including: a nickel plating layer formed on an outer circumferential surface and an end surface of the casting roll; a nickel-boron alloy plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll; and a hard plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the outer circumferential surface of the casting roll and an outer circumferential surface of the nickel-boron alloy plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll. The present invention improves durability of the casting roll.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously casting lead alloy strip on a casting surface on substantially the upper half of a rotatable casting drum from a pool of molten lead alloy at a high speed comprising imparting a coarse texture to the casting surface, providing a tundish containing a pool of the molten lead alloy at a predetermined temperature adjacent a substantially vertical upwardly-moving portion of said casting drum, the tundish having a graphite lip insert having an open front defined by a lip insert floor and opposed sidewalls cooperating with and commencing at a substantially vertical portion of the casting surface to contain said molten lead alloy in the lip insert, controlling the height of the surface level and temperature of the molten lead alloy in the lip insert, moving the casting surface upwardly through the pool of molten lead alloy by rotating said drum for depositing the lead alloy thereon, cooling the casting surface of the drum to solidify a strip of the lead alloy on substantially t

Abstract: Continuous casting machine for forming a lead alloy strip of large thickness; which comprises a cooled rotating drum (4) having an annular seat (8) formed on the periphery thereof and a vat (10) for containing a molten lead bath, which is sealingly engaged on the peripheral surface (7) of the rotating drum (4). The machine (1) also comprises a fixed shoe (11) extending, from the vat (10), along an arc (25) around the rotating drum (4) and having an arc shape suitable for sealing engagement, in a sliding relationship, on the shoulders (90) of the annular seat (8). Heating means (26) are provided, these consisting of a plurality of torches acting on the shoe (11) along at least an initial section thereof (25) which extends from the vat (10), for heating to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the lead alloy the free surface of the lead inside the annular seat (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting roll (1) for the casting of metal strip in the casting gap between two casting rolls with variable separation which are parallel and which can be cooled. The casting roll comprises a roll axle (3) with a roll casing (2) surrounding said axle and with adjustable convexity of the peripheral surface of said roll casing during operation by means of a hydraulic pressure cushion (14). The rotatable roll axle (3) is designed with a cylinder (9), comprising a piston (10), on at least one side (5, 7) of the casting roll (1), and a power system (11) is provided for exertion via the pistons (10) on the pressure medium to influence the convexity of the roll casing (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a casting roll of a twin-roll strip caster, including: a nickel plating layer formed on an outer circumferential surface and an end surface of the casting roll; a nickel-boron alloy plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll; and a hard plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer located on the outer circumferential surface of the casting roll and an outer circumferential surface of the nickel-boron alloy plating layer located on the end surface of the casting roll. The present invention improves durability of the casting roll.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a side dam for a continuous metal casting apparatus having elongated opposed casting surfaces forming a casting cavity. The side dam has an elongated upstream part and an elongated downstream part that are mutually laterally pivotable, and a smooth metal-contacting side surface extending continuously from an upstream end to a downstream end of the side dam. The surface has regions thereof formed on the upstream part and the downstream part. Mutual pivoting of the upstream part and the downstream part of the side dam enables the regions of the smooth metal-contacting side surface to be moved out of mutual coplanar alignment. The side dams can therefore be used to form either a convergent or divergent casting cavity to assists the casting procedure and to enhance the properties of the cast article.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roll (1) for metal production and/or metal processing, in particular a continuous casting roll, which has a roll parent body (2) of metal and a coating (3) of wear-resistant material applied to said roll parent body (2). In order to make the roll, in particular the continuous casting roll, especially wear-resistant, the invention provides for the coating (3) to have electrolytically applied nickel, wherein the surface (4) of the coating (3) forms the working surface of the roll (1). Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of producing a roll (1) for metal production and/or metal processing, in particular a continuous casting roll.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooling roll which can provide bonded a magnet having excellent magnetic properties and having excellent reliability. A melt spinning apparatus 1 is provided with a tube 2 having a nozzle 3 at the bottom thereof, a coil 4 for heating the tube and a cooling roll 5 having a circumferential surface 53 in which gas expelling grooves 54 are formed. A melt spun ribbon 8 is formed by injecting the molten alloy 6 from the nozzle 6 so as to be collided with the circumferential surface 53 of the cooling roll 5, so that the molten alloy 6 is cooled and then solidified. In this process, gas is likely to enter between a puddle 7 of the molten alloy 6 and the circumferential surface 53, but such gas is expelled by means of the gas expelling grooves 54.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for producing a uranium foil with fine crystalline granules by forming the foil by the gravitational dropping of molten uranium or uranium alloy and rapidly cooling the foil by the contact with cooling rolls, and a foil produced thereby. In accordance with the present invention, a high-purity and high-quality uranium foil with an isotropic structure and fine crystalline granules is easily produced via a simple process without requiring hot rolling and heat treatment processes. The surface of the foil is prevented from oxidizing and residual stress is not imparted to the foil. The productivity and the economic efficiency of the foil are improved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cooling roll which can provide bonded a magnet having excellent magnetic properties and having excellent reliability. A melt spinning apparatus is provided with a tube 2 having a nozzle 3 at the bottom thereof, a coil 4 for heating the tube and cooling roll 5 having a circumferential surface 53 in which dimple correcting means is provided. A melt spun ribbon 8 is formed by injecting the molten alloy 6 from the nozzle 3 so as to be collided with the circumferential surface 53 of the cooling roll 5 in an inert gas atmosphere (ambient gas) such as helium gas, so that the molten alloy 6 is cooled and then solidified. In this process, dimples to be produced on a roll contact surface of the melt spun ribbon are divided by the dimple correcting means, thereby preventing formation of huge dimples.

Abstract: A strip casting plant with side limits arranged closely adjacent to a carrying belt. The side limits, and preferably the supply device for molten metal, are capable of vibrating and are connected to a device for producing vibrations. The adhesion of solidified material can thus be prevented.

Abstract: A casting-die body (1) made of a hardenable copper alloy is provided with an inner wear-protective layer (7) of chromium whose hardness decreases from the billet-side surface (8) in the direction of the casting-die body (1). The wear-protective layer (7) is made up of two chromium layers (9, 10). For this purpose, the casting-die body (1) is given a solution heat treatment, is chromium plated, and is then hardened, as a result of which the initially very great hardness of the chromium layer (9) is reduced. The hardness of the chromium layer (9) then is about 650 HV. Subsequently, to increase the wear protection, the second chromium layer (10) is applied. The result is a conventional chromium-plated layer having a hardness of between 850 HV and 1050 HV.

Abstract: An amorphous metal alloy strip is disclosed having a width greater than about one inch and a thickness less than about 0.003 inch, this alloy consists essentially of 77 to 80 atomic percent iron, 12 to 16 atomic percent boron and 5 to 10 atomic percent silicon with incidental impurities. The strip has a 60 cycle per second core loss of less than about 0.100 watts per pound at 12.6 kilogauss, saturation magnetization of at least 15 kilogauss, and a coercive force of less than about 0.04 oersteds. Such alloy is further characterized by increased castability and the strip produced therefrom exhibits at least singular ductility. A method of producing such optimum strip is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a casting wheel having an interchangeable casting ring 8. The casting ring 8 is secured on an inner member 7 of the casting wheel 1 by adjustable radially and outwardly acting pressure members 17, 18 engaging with the edges of the casting ring 8. The pressure members 17, 18 center the casting ring 8, which they secure axially. The casting ring can be mounted in a problem-free manner when the pressure members are relieved of pressure.

Abstract: A cooling drum for continuous-casting machines, for manufacturing thin metallic strips, and having a surface composing part of a casting mold wall in contact with molten metal, wherein the surface has numerous dimples disposed uniformly thereon and not in contact with each other, and each of the dimples has an opening portion in the form of a circle or an oval with a diameter of from 0.1 to 1.2 mm and a depth of from 5 to 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously sizing, preforming or forming metal objects includes a plurality of molds arranged in a substantially vertical column and which collectively define a mold cavity. Each mold is separable into at least two mold sections. A retaining mechanism retains the molds in the vertical column. A first and second screw arm assembly separates the bottom mold into sections and removes the mold sections from the bottom of the mold with a horizontally operable screw arm mechanism. The arm assemblies then move the mold sections from a bottom position to an uppermost position with a vertically movable screw arm mechanism. The horizontally movable screw arm mechanism then moves the mold sections to an uppermost position on the vertical mold column to form a top mold.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous casting of a thin metallic plate which includes a movable mold 2 arranged for movement in a specified direction, and a melt receiver 5 disposed on the movable mold 2 for storing molten metal in coopertion therewith, whereby molten metal within the melt receiver 5, through its contact with the surface of the movable mold 2, will be cooled and formed into a casting shell, the casting shell being drawn by the movable mold 2 in the form of a thin metallic plate, wherein at least the lower end portion of the melt receiver 5 is movable along the withdrawal path of the casting shell, and wherein a mover mechanism 7 is provided for moving the lower end portion of the melt receiver 5.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for casting metal strip include a moving chill body that has a quench surface. A nozzle mechanism deposits a stream of molten metal on a quenching region of the quench surface to form the strip. The nozzle mechanism has an exit portion with a nozzle orifice. A depletion mechanism heats a gas to lower the density thereof and to produce a low-density atmosphere. The gas is supplied to a depletion region located adjacent to and upstream of the quenching region to provide the low density atmosphere within the depletion region.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for continuously sizing, preforming or forming metal objects include a plurality of molds arranged in a substantially vertical column and which collectively define a mold cavity. Each mold is separable into at least two mold sections. A retaining mechanism retains the molds in the vertical column. A first and second hydraulic arm assembly separates the bottom mold into sections and removes with a first hydraulic arm the mold sections from the bottom of the mold column and places the sections at the bottom of an adjacent vertical column of mold sections. A second hydraulic arm then pushes the adjacent column of sections upwardly and a third hydraulic arm positions a top mold section from each adjacent column of sections to form a top mold on the vertical mold columns.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for continuously sizing, preforming or forming metal objects include a plurality of molds arranged in a substantially vertical column and which collectively define a mold cavity. Each mold is separable into at least two mold sections. A retaining mechanism retains the molds in the vertical column. A mechanism separates the bottom mold into sections and removes the mold sections and positions the sections on a top mold of the column to form a new top mold. Preferably, the mechanism includes first and second arms which are rotatable between the bottom and the top mold positions and which grasp and move the mold sections from the bottom of the column to the top of the column.

Abstract: Metallic filament is continuously cast by directing a stream of molten metal onto the quench surface of a rotating quench wheel. Expansion mechanisms disposed about the quench wheel and between the quench surface and quench wheel drive shaft allow unrestrained radial and lateral thermal growth of the hoop-like quench surface while maintaining concentricity of the quench surface with the shaft. Crowning or thermal bowing of the quench surface is minimized and a transverse cross-sectional uniformity of the cast filament is maintained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a cast metal ribbon with a slit along the ribbon length includes the step of or a means for generating a controlled disturbance of the cast ribbon along a defined and localized width. The disturbance may be generated by a highly defined, needle-sized stream of gaseous media into the ribbon prior to complete solidification, or alternatively, a needle-like ceramic stylus. The dynamic pressure of the gaseous media or depth of stylus may be adjusted to completely penetrate the ribbon, severing the ribbon into multiple ribbons in a single casting; or alternatively, to only partially penetrate the ribbon, forming a score line of weakening and producing multiple ribbons readily detachable from each other along adjoining edges.

Abstract: A silicon ribbon growth wheel having an internal cooling fluid contacting surface modified to provide a lateral temperature profile on the wheel surface of lower temperature near the wheel edges. In a preferred form the inner surface is provided with grooves near the wheel edges to increase heat conduction to the cooling fluid at the wheel edges. A method for surface temperature profiling the growth wheel is also disclosed. A method for surface temperature profiling the growth wheel is also disclosed.

Abstract: A silicon ribbon growth wheel having a thermal resistance zone between an outer silicon contacting surface and an inner cooling fluid contacting surface to control rate of heat flow from the outer to inner surfaces. In a preferred form the thermal resistance zone is defined by a row of holes through the wheel near the outer surface with said holes isolated from the cooling fluid. A method for controlling the heat flow is also diclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously casting strip material is disclosed comprising a tundish having an internal cavity for receiving and holding molten metal and an orifice passage through which the molten metal is delivered from the cavity to a casting surface located within about 0.120 inch of the orifice passage and movable past the orifice passage at a speed of from 200 to 10,000 linear surface feet per minute. The tundish has at least one molten metal resistant upper block and at least one molten metal resistant lower block vertically aligned and secured sufficiently to prevent molten metal in the cavity from passing through the interface of the secured blocks. The orifice passage has a substantially uniform width dimension, of at least about 0.010 inch, throughout the longitudinal extent thereof.

Abstract: A continuous lubrication casting mold for use in a process of continuously casting molten metals and alloys wherein a parting and/or lubricating agent reservoir is provided in the mold body. The agent is continuously applied over the inner surface of the mold after being introduced through passages within or through the mold section. The lubricant passages may be an intrinsic characteristic of the mold material or may be provided in the form of feed holes through the mold section. The ability to transmit lubricant through to the internal surface of the mold can be varied within the length of the casting mold to provide for variable lubricant transfer rates to different parts of the casting surface.

Abstract: A casting wheel cooling apparatus and method for rapid quenching of molten metal is provided. The cooling apparatus provides a multiplicity of axial conduits around the periphery of the wheel, close to the chill surface. In operation, molten metal deposits on the chill surface of the rapidly rotating casting wheel. The molten metal cools and solidifies, transferring heat to the casting wheel. By flowing coolant, preferably water, through the conduits at a sufficient rate, the heat transfer is generally radial. The molten metal cools uniformly across its width and the resulting metallic strip has substantially uniform properties.

Abstract: A bearing gas sleeve coaxial with the melt ejection crucible is provided in an apparatus for making glassy alloy ribbons to provide a confluent bearing gas flow which minimizes dynamic fluctuations in the molten alloy puddle from which metallic ribbon is formed during chill block melt-spinning. The bearing gas flow causes an improved quench rate and melt puddle stabilization which results in reduced upper ribbon surface texture and improved edge definition.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for making solid filamentary elements from a pendant drop of a high melting point material (e.g. hafnium, zirconium). The improvement constitutes providing a protective layer in the form of a thin film on the circumferential edge of the casting wheel prior to engagement of the drop and release of the elements. The layer material serves to reduce heat flow from the drop material to the wheel as well as prohibit bonding of the drop material thereto. The preferred layer materials are aluminum, carbon (e.g. graphite), boron nitride, and borosilicate glass.

Abstract: One or more pulsating streams of liquid material may be transformed into streams of essentially constant velocity with use of a counterweighted tundish that tilts in response to variations in liquid input. The dispensing system is particularly suited for use as a feeding source of liquid metal for continuous strip casting processes due to its ability to provide a constant low velocity teeming stream.

Abstract: A method of preparing alloy of a transition metal and lanthanide comprising the steps of alloying a transition metal, boron, at least one lower-weight lanthanide having none or few stable compounds with iron, optionally one or more higher-weight lanthanides, a glass former, and optionally the pseudo lanthanide, yttrium; forming an amorphous or nearly amorphous metastable microstructure in the alloy; and heating the amorphous alloy to form a polycrystalline, multiphase, fine-grain single-domain structure.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous casting of amorphous alloy sheets having large sheet thickness using bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are provided. Thick continuous amorphous alloy sheets made of bulk solidifying amorphous alloys are also provided.